FSA 2016 Winter Conference December 7-9, 2016 Palm Harbor, Florida
Got Nutrients? BAM! Modular Wetland Performance with BAM Lee Mullon, PE, CFM Melissa Lavigne Geosyntec Consultants Orange County Environmental Protection Division
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida 2
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Surface Runoff
Precipitation
Seepage
Failed Septic
TN Loading (kg/yr)
Surface Runoff
[CATEGORY
NAME]
Seepage
Failed Septic
TP loading (kg/yr)
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Pre-Improvement Stormwater Flow
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Post-Improvement Stormwater Flow
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Modular Wetlands
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Biosorption Activated Media
Bold and Gold™ Expanded Clay and Tire Crumb Expanded Slate
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Now to the Questions…..
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Selecting an Auto-Sampler
Measurement Capabilities Parameters: rainfall, level or flow (area / velocity)
Triggers Any of the rainfall, level or flow parameter
Can ‘daisy chain’ multiple auto-samplers together so that when one auto-sampler triggers, the next one triggers simultaneously or after a certain time delay
Suction line Vinyl, polyethylene, silicone
Strainer Stainless Steel, Composite
Power (solar, battery, direct)
Bottle(s) – material and number
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Quality Assurance Project Plan
The most important document in any monitoring project Acts as the official sampling program
approved by the municipality and grantor agency
Provides an opportunity to adapt “cookie cutter” monitoring requirements in a grant into reasonable sampling goals, means and methods
Allows for agency buy-in of novel approaches (equipment, sampling, etc…) for unique sampling circumstances
Don’t simply use the last QAPP that was developed from another project
Lab Quality Manual review 11
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Monitoring Best Practices
Field Checklists
Ensure rain gauge is level and funnel is not clogged
Calibrate flow meters, level and auto-sampler sample volumes
Ensure modules are plugged into the correct port
Ensure pump tubing is not cracked
Conduct equipment blank when tubing is replaced
Ensure suction line is at the lowest point of collection
Flow meter is affected by turbulence, place flow meter in area of low turbulence to the extent practical
Position sample jars correctly inside auto-sampler
Ensure battery is properly connected and being charged from power source
Complete maintenance logs for all maintenance activity
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Water Quality Monitoring
Regulatory Requirements and Standards
Granted-funded water quality projects (319 Grants) have specified quality assurance requirements
Chapter 62-160 F.A.C.
DEP-QA-002/02 Requirements for Field and Analytical Work performed for the Department of Environmental Protection under Contract
FDEP Standard Operating Procedures for Field Activities
Other Potential Agency Requirements:
– NPDES MS4 Permit Monitoring Requirements
– SJRWMD Environmental Resource Permits
• Annual monitoring or reporting requirements to satisfy permit conditions
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida 14
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Bay Lake Monitoring Equipment
Rain Gauge Solar
Panel
Storm Shelter
Modular Wetland with
Bold and Gold
Modular Wetland with
Expanded Slate
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Bay Lake Monitoring Equipment
ISCO 6712 with Telemetry
for Remote Access
Area / Velocity Sensor
Ditch Inflow
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Bay Lake Monitoring Equipment
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Storm Event Modeling Importance of Hydrologic Methodology
Composite Curve Number Method without DCIA consideration can estimate zero runoff conditions for very high CN but low rainfall events
Hydrology methods should include DCIA directly to account for direct runoff from lower rainfall events
TR-55
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Modeled Hydrology and System Hydraulics
Grant required sampling during “Qualifying Rainfall Events” between 0.25 – 1.5 inches
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Modeled Hydrology and System Hydraulics
Grant required sampling during “Qualifying Rainfall Events” between 0.25 – 1.5 inches
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Observed Hydrology and System Hydraulics
Flow in General Agreement With Model Results
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Observed Hydrology and System Hydraulics
Flow in General Agreement With Model Results
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida 23
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Theft
Theft is always a concern for environmental monitoring equipment
Solar panels were the least secured piece of equipment on-site and were stolen
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Theft-Deterrent
Made it more difficult (not impossible) to steal panels Increased pole height Added LED spotlights with
motion sensors Added “dummy” security
cameras Added surveillance poster
Security features cost = $100 One solar panel = $200
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Theft-Deterrent
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Maintenance
High sediment loading from ditch-inflow caused filter chamber to clog
Maintenance crews contributed to clogging with grass clippings getting into system
System undersized for specific application
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Not Properly Draining
System in ‘Bypass’
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Residents’ Reaction to Project
Most residents reported being pleased with the project and project’s goals of reducing pollutants into Bay Lake
One resident complained about the aesthetics of the system
Clogging would cause ditches to backup with up to 12 inches of standing water until system slowly drained down or would be maintained, leading to some resident complaints
Active communication of project goals and the project system were generally effective means of maintaining local support for the project
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Composite Flow-Weighted Auto-Sampling
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Influent Effluent 31
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Ortho Phosphorus
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
ESInfluent
ESEffluent
B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
OP
(mg/
l)
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Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 0.09 µeffluent conc. = 0.06 µreduction = 34%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 0.10 µeffluent conc. = 0.07 µreduction = 28%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Total Phosphorus
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
ESInfluent
ESEffluent
B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
TP (m
g/l)
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Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 0.16 µeffluent conc. = 0.12 µreduction = 34%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 0.29 µeffluent conc. = 0.14 µreduction = 40%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Ammonia
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
ESInfluent
ESEffluent
B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
NH
3 (m
g/l)
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Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 0.057 µeffluent conc. = 0.032 µreduction = 42%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 0.039 µeffluent conc. = 0.023 µreduction = 39%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results TKN
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
ESInfluent
ESEffluent
B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
TKN
(mg/
l)
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Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 1.29 µeffluent conc. = 0.92 µreduction = 28%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 2.5 µeffluent conc. = 0.68 µreduction = 57%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Nitrate + Nitrite
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
ESInfluent
ESEffluent
B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
OP
(mg/
l)
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Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 0.24 µeffluent conc. = 0.16 µreduction = 28%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 0.27 µeffluent conc. = 0.21 µreduction = 9%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Total Nitrogen
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
ESInfluent
ESEffluent
B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
TN (m
g/l)
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Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 1.52 µeffluent conc. = 0.97 µreduction = 36%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 2.79 µeffluent conc. = 1.01 µreduction = 46%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Total Suspended Solids
-5
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
ES Influent ES Effluent B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
TSS
(mg/
l)
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Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 18.6 µeffluent conc. = 4.64 µreduction = 69%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 43.9 µeffluent conc. = 3.94 µreduction = 77%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Copper
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
ES Influent ES Effluent B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
Cop
per (
µg/l)
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Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 17.2 µeffluent conc. = 19.7 µreduction = -11%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 24.8 µeffluent conc. = 18.7 µreduction = 31%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Chromium
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
ES Influent ES Effluent B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
Cad
miu
m (µ
g/l)
40
Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 2.40 µeffluent conc. = 3.50 µreduction = -37%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 2.95 µeffluent conc. = 2.00 µreduction = 24%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Zinc
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
ESInfluent
ESEffluent
B&GInfluent
B&GEffluent
Zinc
(µg/
l)
41
Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 36.4 µeffluent conc. = 41.6 µreduction = -17%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 73.8 µeffluent conc. = 39.8 µreduction = 33%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Oil & Grease
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ESInfluent
ESEffluent
B&GInfluent
B&GInfluent
Oil
& G
reas
e (m
g/l)
42
Expanded Slate µinflow conc. = 3.33 µeffluent conc. = 2.96 µreduction = 2%
Bold & Gold µinflow conc. = 2.31 µeffluent conc. = 2.72 µreduction = -21%
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Results Summary
Analyte Expanded Slate Modular Wetland %Reduction
Bold and Gold Modular Wetland
%Reduction Ortho Phosphorus 34 28 Total Phosphorus 34 40
Ammonia 42 39 TKN 28 57
Nitrate + Nitrite 28 9 Total Nitrogen 36 46
Total Suspended Solids 69 77 Copper -11 31
Chromium -37 24 Zinc -17 33
Oil & Grease 2 -21
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* Represents concentration reductions only. Does not represent mass loading reductions of overall system since bypass flows were discharged untreated.
FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
Conclusions
Modular Wetlands were demonstrated to reduce nutrients in this study for both types of BAM
% reductions measured cannot be taken as annual mass load reductions due to bypass flows that were untreated
Both Modular Wetlands received very similar hydraulic conveyances (flow rates & volumes) throughout study
Water quality characteristics through each Modular Wetland were similar but not consistent enough to enable direct comparison of BAM, particularly for nutrients
Bold and Gold™ BAM generally resulted in higher removals of copper, chromium and zinc
Expanded slate BAM generally resulted in higher removals of oil and grease
Proper monitoring planning, starting with a robust QAPP, is needed for a successful BMP monitoring program
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FSA 2016 Winter Conference | Palm Harbor, Florida
THANK YOU!
SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO:
ORANGE COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION: MELISSA LAVIGNE
GEOSYNTEC TEAM LEADERS: MARK ELLARD, PE, CFM, D.WRE
THOMAS AMSTADT, PE, CFM JULIA KLENZ CAPRIO, MBA, ASQ-CMQ/OE
ALSO THANKS TO:
SUNTREE TECHNOLOGIES BIOCLEAN ENVIRONMENTAL
Contact:
Lee Mullon, PE, CFM [email protected]
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