Global Conference on Aquaculture 2010
Farming the waters for People and Food
22-25 September 2010, Phuket, Thailand
Disclaimer
This is an unedited presentation given at the Global Conference on Aquaculture 2010. The Organising Committee do not guarantee the accuracy or authenticity of the contents.
Citations
Please use the following citation sequence with citing this document:
1. Author. 2. Title. 3. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture 22-25 September 2010, Phuket, Thailand.
10/10/2010
1
Regional Review:
EuropeBy
Dr Laszlo VaradiDr. Laszlo Varadi
A summary of the « European Regional Review on Aquaculture Development »
Prepared by L. Váradi, G. Gyalog, E. Békefi and P. Lengyel (HAKI) and by A. Lane and Y.Harache (EAS), in collaboration with FAO/FIRA y ( )Aquaculture Service and with the review and contributions by many
aquaculture experts in Europe, for which many thanks.
The presentation:
• Status and trends• Salient issues• The way forward• Main messages
10/10/2010
2
I. Status and trends
Europe (44 countries)
Population: 813 million; 12.6 % of world population; 6 of the 10 largest economies in the world PP (2008)
10/10/2010
3
Economic regions in Europe
GDP per capita
70 000
80 000
90 000
in USD at PPP in 2008 (IMF, 2009)
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
Luxe
mbo
urg
Nor
way
Switz
erlan
d Ir
elan
dN
ether
lands
Icel
and
Aus
tria
Swe
den
Den
mar
k B
elgi
umd
King
dom
Fin
land
Ger
man
y F
ranc
e G
reec
e It
aly
Spa
in C
ypru
s S
love
nia
Isra
elCz
ech
Rep.
Malt
a P
ortu
gal
Slo
vaki
a E
stoni
a H
unga
ry L
ithua
nia
Cro
atia
Pol
and
Lat
via
ussia
n Fe
d. T
urke
y R
oman
ia B
ulga
ria B
elar
usM
onten
egro
Ser
bia
doni
a FY
R B
osni
a U
krain
e A
lban
ia M
oldo
va
US$
per
cap
ita
Lu S N
Uni
ted C Ru M
Mac
ed
Significant differences in GDP per capita
10/10/2010
4
Employment and labour productivity
• Employment
• Production: 150,000• Post harvest: 135,000
• Labour productivity
• Ponds, lagoons: 8-10 t/employee• Intensive (automated) systems: 250-300 t/employee
European share from global aquaculture production (2008)
Europe4.5%
World95.5%
4.5%
Leading region in the production of some species
Source: FAO, 2010
10/10/2010
5
Aquaculture production, 1990-2008
Source: FAO, 2010
Aquaculture production by regions (volume)
1 400 000
1 600 000
European Union (27)
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
tonn
es
Northern and Western European non
S h d E E EU
Source: FAO, 2010
0
200 000
400 000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Southern and Eastern European non EU
10/10/2010
6
Aquaculture production by regions (value)
4500000
5000000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
1000
USD
Northern and Western European non EU
European Union (27)
Source: FAO, 2010
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Southern and Eastern European non EU
Main aquaculture producing countries (2008)
Source: FAO, 2010
10/10/2010
7
Major species (2008)
Japanese carpet
European seabass2%
Atlantic salmon37%
Rainbow C
Gilthead seabream5%
Pacific cupped oyster
5%
Mediterranean mussel
4%
Trouts nei3%
p pshell2% Other
10%
trout12%
Sea mussels7%
Blue mussel nei7%
Common carp6%
Source: FAO, 2010
Some emerging species
20000
25000
5000
10000
15000
tonn
es Atlantic cod
Turbot
Arctic char
Meagre
0
5000
Source: FAO, 2010
10/10/2010
8
Aquaculture production by environment
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
002
04 6
0
500
1000
1500
2000
x 10
00 t
1 20 200
2004
2006
Brackishwater Freshwater Marine
Growing marine, stagnating freshwater and brackishwater production
75 % of production: marine aquaculture
Source: FAO, 2009
Fish consumption (2007)
70
80
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
a d m y m a a a a a
kg/c
apita
/yea
r
Numerous sub-markets with significant differencies in consumer preferences, distribution channels and economic situation
Source: FAO, 2010
Icelan
d
Portug
al
Nor
way
Spain
Lith
uani
a
Fran
ce
Finl
and
Malta
Swed
en
Luxe
mbo
urg
Belgi
um
Den
mar
k
Italy
Cyp
rus
Ireland
Gre
ece
Isra
el
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Net
herla
nds
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
Ukr
aine
Esto
nia
Belar
us
Cro
atia
Switz
erland
Ger
man
y
Aus
tria
Latv
ia
Mol
dova
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Poland
Slov
enia
Slov
akia
Turk
ey
Bos
nia an
d Her
zego
vina
Alb
ania
Rom
ania
Mac
edon
ia F
orm
er Y
.R.
Bul
garia
10/10/2010
9
Principal farming systems
Emerging technologies
10/10/2010
10
II. Salient issues
Resources, services and technologies
A l i h h ilAquaculture is the most heavily regulated food production sector in
Europe
§
10/10/2010
11
Resources, services and technologies
• Increasing competition for space• Limited access to seed capital and/or loan for
innovation (especially in CEE)• Availability of special services required by a
modern industry • Limited availability of authorised veterinary
di i l d tmedicinal products
Sustainable use of feed resources
• ReplacementReplacement• Phase feeding• Change in species mix
50% decrease in the share of fishmeal in fish feeds over the last decade
AQUAMAX Project: 70% plant oil and 80% plant protein is the safe maximum replacement of fish oil and fish meal to
meet all nutrient requirements in salmon
10/10/2010
12
Aquaculture and the environment
• EU regulations• Water resources (quality)(q y)• Climate change• Environmental impact of aquaculture (use of
therapeutics and drugs, nutrient discharge, escapees)• Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)• Exotic species• Conflict with other users• Public perception
Markets and trade
Main fish importers, 2009 (Lem, 2010)1.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
Bill
ions
USA14% Japan
13%
EU40%
Others33%
00.5
1
Aquatic Plants Crustaceans and molluscsCrustaceans and molluscs, canned Fish, cannedFish, dried, salted, or smoked Fish, fresh, chilled or frozenBalance of trade value
Total world: 98.5 billion USD
65% of the consumed seafood is imported -2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.51976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Bal
ance
of t
rade
(mill
ion
tonn
es)
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Bal
ance
of t
rade
(bill
ion
€)
10/10/2010
13
Pangasius in Poland
100es
20
40
60
80
100
thou
sand
s of
ton
ne panga
carp
02003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
years
in t
Source: Kolman, 2010
Contribution to food secrurity, social and economic development
• Food security an issue in some CEE countries
• Social sustainability issues in coastal and rural areas• concentration, automation and increasing labour productivity
• Gender and generation challenge• mostly men, share of women is high in the Russian Federation
• Share of aquaculture in national economies is low, aquaculture reaches 0.1% of GDP only in Norway, Malta, Greece and Faroe Islands
10/10/2010
14
Share of fisheries and aquaculture in national economies (Eurostat, 2009)
Iceland: 4.7 %
0.0%
0.2%
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
a a m a d d d
fishe
ry se
ctor
's sh
are
in G
DP
Aus
tria
Slov
akia
Rom
ania
Ger
man
ySl
oven
iaH
unga
ryM
aced
onia,
FY
RCz
ech
Repu
blic
Polan
dBe
lgiu
mSw
eden
Uni
ted
King
dom
Neth
erlan
dsBu
lgar
iaFi
nlan
dEU
-27
Lith
uani
aFr
ance
Latv
iaIta
lyD
enm
ark
Esto
nia
Irela
ndSp
ainCy
prus
Turk
eyPo
rtuga
lG
reec
eM
alta
Nor
way
Icel
and
External pressures on the sector (I)
• Environment factors• climate change• changing weather patterns• pollution
• Variations in inputs• seed stock• fish meal and oil• energy costs• labour costs
10/10/2010
15
External pressure on the sector (II)
• Government policy (regulatory framework)• Trade (changes to trade policy and tariffs)• Financial factors
• investments, exchange/interest rates• taxation, insurance
• Competitive factors (new species and products, new producers)
• Economic crises• changes in consumer preferences• purchasing power
Shared information, research, training, extension and networking
• Public and private institutions (fragmented)Public and private institutions (fragmented)• European Research Area (ERA) since 2000• EU Framework Programs• Research in other regions (Norway, Turkey, CEE)• Research networks: EFARO and NACEE• Education network: AQUA-TNETEducation network: AQUA-TNET • Interregional cooperation (within Europe and with
other regions) • The European Aquaculture Technology and
Innovation Platform (EATIP)
10/10/2010
16
Europe contributes to global aquaculture development through knowledge and
technology partnerships
EU programmes: AQUASEM; SARNISSA
European Aquaculture Technology and Innovation Platform (EATIP)
• Assure European aquaculture as a sustainable industry• Identify the innovation challenges of the collective
interest of European aquaculture• Prepare an over-arching Strategic Research &
Innovation Agenda relative to the Vision for EuropeanInnovation Agenda relative to the Vision for European Aquaculture
• Consolidate the role of aquaculture in the society• Establish a strong relationship between aquaculture
and the consumers
10/10/2010
17
Governance and management
• Aquaculture strategies (EU 2002; 2009)• Regulatory frameworks (WFD and many others) g y ( y )• Economic incentives (EFF in the EU)• Stakeholder interaction (e.g. ACFA, CONSENSUS• Sector self-governance (FEAP CoC, 2000)• Data collection and management
III. The way forward
10/10/2010
18
The way forward 1/3
• The responsible use of resources and the protection of the environment will remain key challenges (licensing EIA)challenges (licensing, EIA)
• Legislative framework should be simplified and consolidated. The sector needs a level playing field
• There is a need for specific data collection forThere is a need for specific data collection for aquaculture and fishery products to support policy.
The way forward 2/3
• The consequences of global climate change and potential scenarios have to be assessed by all stakeholders
• The success of modern, professional aquaculture sector is dependent on the availability of high quality services
• New aquaculture technologies provide opportunities for development
10/10/2010
19
The way forward 3/3
• Eliminating negative public perception of consumers and policy makers
• Development of an „ecolabel” that can certify environmentally friendly aquaculture practices in Europe
• Better communication within the value chain andBetter communication within the value chain and towards consumers
The challenge for Europeanaquaculture is to achieve innovative and ECONOMIC GROWTH.
European aquaculture needs strong POLITICAL WILL and a LEVEL PLAYING FIELD to be competitive.
European aquaculture must be perceived as an environmentally,
MAIN MESSAGES
p y,economically and socially sustainable activity, based on scientific evidences and consumer confidence.
10/10/2010
20
THANK YOU !