Download - GIS_RS & Flood Management
![Page 1: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN FLOOD MANAGEMENT
AMALKRISHNA
![Page 2: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The pace of technological change has been significant over the
past 50 years and has far exceeded the impact of the industrial
revolution. The inconceivable has become the reality with
computers the size of your hand or smaller and the creation of
an online worldwide information resource. The importance of
GIS in Modern Society is clear, GIS now touching on all areas of
society from the environment, to transportation, to government
to enterprise and the general public.
“…a digital map, data located on the map, and a software application (GIS) that links the two together”
INTRODUCTION
![Page 3: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
GIS is for…
The application of GIS is countless. GIS technology can be used for scientific investigations, resource management, asset management, archaeology, environmental impact assessment, urban planning, cartography, criminology, geographic history, marketing, logistics, mapping and other purposes help to find wet lands and solutions for protection from pollution, town planning. GIS might allow emergency planners to easily calculate emergency response times in the event of any kinds of disasters including natural disasters.
![Page 4: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Where is GIS Used?
• Government Agencies GIS used to keep track of the
properties, public works, roads,
and more within their jurisdiction etc.
• Emergency Services Police departments, fire departments and other
emergency services have begun to use GIS to help in their daily operations.
![Page 5: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Other Businesses…
• Real estate agents and bankers
are using GIS to track properties,
property values, and tax information. • Health care professionals are using GIS to track the
spread of disease and wellness information.• Communication technology companies use GIS in
planning of their utility expansions. • Weather forecasting also uses GIS technologies. A
host of other businesses use it for marketing purposes.
![Page 6: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
FLOOD…
![Page 7: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FLOOD…
• Flooding is the most
common of all
environmental hazards.• No country is immune from Floods• Floods are natural phenomena common in
many places around the world where either there is river nearby or the local weather can dump large amounts of rain.
![Page 8: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ROLE OF GIS
AND REMOTE SENSING
![Page 9: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN FLOODMANAGEMENT
GIS plays a prominent role in flood management…
• The unique capabilities of satellites to provide comprehensive, and synoptic coverage of very large areas at regular interval and with quick turn around time have been very valuable in monitoring and managing flood dynamics.
• In fact, it is only space technology, which has for the first time provided the basic information needed in the space, time and frequency domain
![Page 10: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Satellites, by virtue of their remote sensing and data transmission capabilities to provide comprehensive multi-date and multi-spectral information on dynamic phenomena covering very large as well as small river basins, have been found to be admirably suited for mapping/monitoring and studying…
![Page 11: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ROLE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGYY IN FLOOD MANAGEMENT
The vast capabilities of
communication satellites are
available for timely dissemination of early warning and real-time coordination of relief operations. Satellite communication capabilities, fixed and mobile, are vital for effective communication, especially in data collection, distress alerting, position location and co-coordinating relief operations in the field.
![Page 12: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
We can use the Techniques for…
• Flood Hazard Zone Mapping
• Flood Plain Management
• Flood Plain Zoning
• Flood Plain Regulation
• Flood Forecasting
• Near Real time Flood Mapping and monitoring
• Bank Erosion Studies
• River morphological studies.
• Digital Elevation Model
The best way to manage flood is use of combination of various measures…
![Page 13: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1. FLOOD INUNDATION MAPPING
• To define spatial extent of flood inundation.• To identify the worst flood affected areas.• To evaluate impact of flooding on
environmental concerns, such as, coastlines,
forests, open space etc.• To plan relief operation.• To assess damage.
![Page 14: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Detailed mapping that is required for the production of hazard assessment maps and for input to various types of hydrological models.
• Developing a larger scale view of the general
flood situation within a river basin with the aim of identifying areas at greatest risk and in the need of immediate
assistance.
![Page 15: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2.FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
• Flood hazard zone mapping can be used as a means of non-structural flood control planning of the flood plain and for making policy decisions to regulate the flood plain development activities.
• Using historic satellite data combined with hydrological and close contour data, a flood hazard zone map can be prepared for flood prone basins
![Page 16: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3.RIVER MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES
• To identify the changes in river course over a time period.
• To identify the erosion prone areas along the river course
• To study the efficacy of flood management structures
The river configuration and flood control works maps can be effectively used.
• This help to identify the vulnerable river reaches and status of the flood control embankments.
![Page 17: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• necessary measures can be taken accordingly to avoid breaches.
• The bank erosion maps can be used for planning
bank protection works.
• The study of river configuration will be useful to understand the behavior of the river and can be used for laying physical models.
![Page 18: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
4.Floodplain management
• GIS is ideally suited for various floodplain management activities.
• such as, base mapping, topographic mapping, and post-disaster verification of mapped floodplain extents and depths.
Example… GIS was used to develop a River Management Plan for the Santa Clara River in Southern California. A GIS overlay process was used to further plan efforts and identify conflicting uses along the river and areas for enhancing stakeholder objectives.
![Page 19: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
5.Near Real time Flood Mapping and monitoring
• Before the on set of flood season-pre flood satellite data is produced.
• Analyzed and pre-flood river course is delineated.A data base consisting of district boundaries, road/railway net work etc are prepared in GIS
environment.
• The flood situation is continuously monitored.News media, flood report from CWC
• Satellite data checked daily
• If the optical data is cloudy-use microwave data.
• Satellite data is geometrically rectified, classified, and flood layer is delineated.
![Page 21: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• This layer is overlaid on map and flood maps are prepared.
• The layer is intersected with the existing database and flood damage statistics like district/block-wise flood inundated area, road/rail affected, damaged houses etc are calculated.
• The flood maps along with the flood damage statistics are sent to user departments in near real time.
• Through this system was sent to user within 5to 6 hours after getting satellite data.
![Page 22: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
6.Bank Erosion Studies
• Sometimes the bank of the flood prone rivers are subjected to erosion.
• For giving bank protection structures….
• Vulnerable areas subjected to bank erosion along the river are monitored.
• High resolution satellite data acquired at different time intervals have been used to identify and map the the bank erosion.
![Page 24: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
7.Digital Elevation Model
• DEM can be created by collecting elevations and referencing them to the corresponding points in the mapped area.
• Digital contour lines digitized from the topographic map is the main source of the DEM generation.
Two main steps followed in constructing DEM
The first step is converting contour data containing elevation attribute into the point data.
The second step will generates the surface from the point data created in the first step.
The triangulated irregular network (TIN) are applied in this process
![Page 25: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A . Model Development And Execution (H&H)
Floodplain modeling involves two aspects• Hydrologic analysis determines peak flood flows and
hydraulic analysis determines peak water surface elevations.
• This calculation is based on physical characteristics of a drainage area that can be estimated from a GIS database.
• The runoff information from the hydrologic model can then be combined with stream cross-section information in a hydraulic model to determine the depth of flooding.
![Page 26: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
B . Sub watershed Delineation
• For the purpose of hydrologic design modeling, subdividing the watershed is often necessary.
• The boundary of a watershed is defined by all points that will shed water to the outlet.
Mc Cuen (1998)
![Page 27: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Community-Based Flood Risk Assessment Using GIS…
• Traditional methods for flood risk assessment are based on hydrological and hydraulic modeling software packages. These models are useful in depicting the spatial and temporal distribution of floods. However, few are well integrated within spatial
modeling environments
(i.e., GIS) and few are
capable of non-expert
implementation.
![Page 28: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Risk Assessment…
• GIS helps to provide an alternative method for a basic flood risk assessment in data-poor environments by combining aerial photo interpretation, data questionnaires in a community-based field data collection campaign, and its subsequent processing and analysis using Geographical Information Systems
![Page 29: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Datasets produced by these means and managed under GIS could be used by local authorities to carry out many of the municipal planning activities related to risk management. Moreover, these data could be used for other administrative and decision-making purposes.
![Page 30: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Some floodplain mapping and modeling software examples are…
• 1 DHI MIKE Products
DHI Inc has three floodplain modeling packages that have GIS linkage capabilities: MIKE 11, MIKE 21, and MIKE FLOOD.
• 2 HEC-GeoRAS
The HEC-RAS system is intended for calculating water surface profiles in a full network of channels, a dendritic system, or a single river reach.
![Page 31: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Software…
• 3 ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
ESRI's ArcGIS Hydro Data Model can be updated to display purely cartographic data, such as the types of data used in creating floodplain maps.
• 4 GIS Stream Pro
GIS Stream Pro from Dodson & Associates) is an ArcView Extension that runs with ArcView 3D Analyst Extension.
![Page 32: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Satellite Remote Sensing and
GIS techniques have emerged as
a powerful tool to deal with various aspects of flood management in prevention, preparedness and relief management of flood disaster. They have greater role to play as an improvement over the existing methodologies. GIS is ideally suited for various floodplain management activities such as, base mapping, topographic mapping, and post-disaster verification of mapped floodplain extents and
depths.
![Page 33: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
REFERENCES
• Revised Guidelines For Providing Central Assistance To State Governments For The Schemes / Proposals Of Flood Control And River Management Works Under Flood Management Programme (2007-12) New Delhi, august 2009 http://mowr.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/FMP7870878878.pdf
• Flood management using Remote sensing . www.unesco ihe.org/.../Flood%20Management%20using%20remote
%20sensing.pdf• Remote Sensing Tutorial http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect8/Sect8_8.html• Geo Informatics, volume 7, March 2004, Cmedia Productions BV, Page number
14-17.• GIS Development,vol 9, issue 10, October 2005, ISSN 0971-9377, Page number
22-25.• Key Areas in Remote Sensing and GIS, Pregame Planning and Evaluation Group,
National Remote Sensing Centre, Department of Space, Government of India, 2003, Page number 21-23.
![Page 34: GIS_RS & Flood Management](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051613/54fb73c64a7959434c8b4d04/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Thank you…
Utilize the technologies and increase production to serve our one and only world. Ensure sustainability in every development in every works which meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of the future generation. It also requires knowledge, new ideas for the sustainable development, innovation, willingness to confront challenges openly.