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Gilded Age Politics: 1893-Gilded Age Politics: 1893-9696
The Panic of 1893The Panic of 1893
The Silver MovementThe Silver Movement
The Election of 1896The Election of 1896
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The Depression of 1893The Depression of 1893
• 1892: Cleveland wins, Dems huge victory1892: Cleveland wins, Dems huge victory• The Panic of 1893: Stocks crash, 15,000 The Panic of 1893: Stocks crash, 15,000
bankruptcies, 20% unemployment, fear bankruptcies, 20% unemployment, fear • Coxey’s Army: unemployed demand public Coxey’s Army: unemployed demand public
works projects. They Swarm on Capital. works projects. They Swarm on Capital. • Pullman Strike: Company Town, ARU & Debs Pullman Strike: Company Town, ARU & Debs
join strike, riot, troops called in. join strike, riot, troops called in. • Coal Strike: 170,000 strike, ethnic tensionCoal Strike: 170,000 strike, ethnic tension
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Pullman StrikePullman Strike
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Cleveland’s ResponseCleveland’s Response
• Repeals Sherman Silver Purchase, which heRepeals Sherman Silver Purchase, which he
thought caused the depressionthought caused the depression
• This lowers money supplyThis lowers money supply
• J. P. Morgan raises $50 in goldJ. P. Morgan raises $50 in gold
• Cleveland fails to lower tariffCleveland fails to lower tariff
• No sympathy for Coxey and strikersNo sympathy for Coxey and strikers
• Ends career, hated by millionsEnds career, hated by millions
• 1894 Midterm Elections: GOP historic 1894 Midterm Elections: GOP historic victory,victory,– GOP will dominates till the Great DepressionGOP will dominates till the Great Depression
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Rise of Labor Unions (end of ch Rise of Labor Unions (end of ch 18)18)
• Problems w/ industrial labor: repetitive,Problems w/ industrial labor: repetitive,– Long hours, dangerous, low pay, strictLong hours, dangerous, low pay, strict
• Knights of Labor: skilled, unskilled, blacksKnights of Labor: skilled, unskilled, blacks– 8 hour day, no strikes, died 18928 hour day, no strikes, died 1892
• Public Perception: foreign, radical, violentPublic Perception: foreign, radical, violent
• Strikes: Haymarket (86), Homestead (92)Strikes: Haymarket (86), Homestead (92)
• AFL: Craft & skilled workers, white menAFL: Craft & skilled workers, white men– Gompers: pragmatic, work with managementGompers: pragmatic, work with management– Strike for limited goal, 1900 1 m members Strike for limited goal, 1900 1 m members
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Social and Literary ChangesSocial and Literary Changes
• Work: women & children go back to Work: women & children go back to workwork
• New Realism: Real life depictionsNew Realism: Real life depictions
• Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Jack Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Jack London and Theodore DreiserLondon and Theodore Dreiser
• Silver Movement: Many had almost Silver Movement: Many had almost religious faith that silver would religious faith that silver would restore prosperity. Wizard of Ozrestore prosperity. Wizard of Oz
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William McKinley: 1896-William McKinley: 1896-19011901
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William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan
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Election of 1896Election of 1896
• GOP: William McKinley, solid, pro gold, GOP: William McKinley, solid, pro gold, • Democrats and Populists: William Democrats and Populists: William
Jennings Bryan, pro silver, religiousJennings Bryan, pro silver, religious• ““Cross of Gold” Speech: HandoutCross of Gold” Speech: Handout• First Modern Campaign: Bryan First Modern Campaign: Bryan
campaigns all over country. McKinley campaigns all over country. McKinley stays on front porch and used mass stays on front porch and used mass media. media.
• GOP start 30 years of dominanceGOP start 30 years of dominance
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Bryan’s Cross of Gold Bryan’s Cross of Gold SpeechSpeech
Most famous American political speechMost famous American political speechThemes: Themes: Populism: appeal to the common man,Populism: appeal to the common man,
fear of the elitesfear of the elitesAgrarian myth: family farmer bedrock of Agrarian myth: family farmer bedrock of
American democracyAmerican democracyPro Silver: silver will solve all problemsPro Silver: silver will solve all problemsReligion: heavy use of religious imagery Religion: heavy use of religious imagery