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GETTING THINGS RIGHT
FOR WORM CONTROL IN
SHEEP AND GOATS -Gareth Bath
Professor Emeritus, University of Pretoria
Member, ECSRPC
Webinar 4 March 2016
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PARASITES -
Love them or loathe them
Is there a balance?
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The animal host (sheep or goats)
should be the focus
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THE PROBLEM
• Relying on dosing worked previously
• Led to laziness and bad habits
• Reinforced by sales force pressure
• Long lag period for problems
• “Silver bullet” mentality
• Multiple anthelmintic resistance rampant
• Need changed attitudes, not drugs
• Sustainable, holistic control is complex
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We’re still unrepentant and unrehabilitated
DRUG ADDICTS!
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AVOID!
• Blanket treatments
• Frequent treatments
• Dry Season treatments
• Fixed dosing programmes
• Dose all & move immediately
• Estimation of weights
• “Herbs & spices”
• Unproven unregistered “remedies”
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CAUTION!
• Long-acting remedies
• Combination remedies
• Ultra-wide spectrum drugs
• Generics
• “Specials” on sale
• Same remedy continually
• The latest “best” remedies
• Advice from the seller
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IMPLEMENT
• Holistic, sustainable management: THE
BIG FIVE
• Targeted selective treatment FAMACHA,
5 POINT CHECK
• Regular faecal egg counts (FEC)
• Periodic FEC reduction tests
• Selection of rams
• Culling of ewes
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IMPLEMENT
• Quarantine & treat introduced stock
• Concentrate on lambs & ewes
• Proper grazing programme
• Long pasture rests
• Alternation with cattle etc.
• Use the right pastures (S.L.)
• Avoid hotspots
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FAMACHASolutions must be practical
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Solutions must cover major internal parasites
Solutions must be practical
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Don't mix them up!
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Cull ewes
Select rams
Nutrition
Other diseases
Exposure to worms
1
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Survival of the fittest
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Length of stay
Time of absence
Alternation
Grazing pressure
Hot spots
2
Life cycle
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Type
Height
Slope
Irrigation
AspectSoil type
3
Fertilisation
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TRIAL 4 Smart man’s lucern: FEC means
Average of means: SL = 3079.5; SL & Natural = 3726.4; Natural = 4584.2 (49 vs 23% difference)
Day 0 Day 8 Day 13 Day 27 Day 48 Day 69 Day 950
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
SL Grazing
Mixed Grazing
Natural Grazing
FEC
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Number (%) of sheep treated
TRIAL 4:Numbers and proportions of sheep
treated per group
GROUP 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x TOTAL TREATED
G1 (SL only)(n = 22)
13 (59.0) 8 (36.3) 1 (4.5) 0 (0) 9 (40.9)
G2 (SL/Veld)(n = 25)
13 (52.0) 10 (40.0) 2 (8) 0 (0) 12 (48.0)
G3 (Veld only)(n = 21)
3 (14.2) 12 (57.1) 5 (23.8) 1 (4.7) 18 (85.7)
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FEC’s
Efficacy
TST results
Tests
Weather Grazing
4
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
negligible small moderate high severe
RISK TO FLOCK
% OF FLOCK PER
CATEGORY
1 2 3 4 5
FLOCK RISK EVALUATION USING FAMACHA SCORING
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Weigh
TST
Read the label
Target weakest
Don't buy on cost
Beware untested products
5
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Faffa Malan
Which drug?
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SHEEP· Select rams
· Cull ewes
· Nutrition
· Exposure
· Other Diseases
WORM LOAD· Grazing period
· Grazing pressure
· Time of absence
· Alternation
· Hot Spots
PASTURES· Grazing height
· Pasture type
· Slope
· Aspect
· Irrigation
MONITOR· Dung samples
· Sheep
· Weather
· Grazing
· Drug effects
DRUGS· Use TST/TT
· Label
· Dose
· Quarantine
· Warnings
2
13
4 5“THE BIG FIVE”
WORM CONTROL: ...try to use
them all...
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MOTTOS TO REMEMBER:
• Stop selecting sissy sheep!
• Leave the best, treat the rest
• Look before you treat
• Mindful managers must measure
• Avoid Farmercologist’s advice
• The solution is not always in a bottle
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Dankie!
Thank you!
Nkosi!
Ngiyabonga!
Gabotse!
Ke a leboha!
Inkomu!
Ngiyathokoza!