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German Particle Verbs and PleonasticPrepositions
Ines Rehbein and Josef van GenabithNCLT, Dublin City University
Third ACL SIGSE !or"sho# on$re#ositions
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%utline
Introdu&tion
Classifi&ation of $arti&le 'erbs (ith $leonasti&$re#ositions
Des&ri#tion of $arti&le 'erbs (ith $leonasti&
$re#ositions in L)G
Con&lusion
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Ger*an T(o+!ay $re#ositions
an, auf, hinter, in, neben, ber, unter, vor, zwischenat, by at, on behind in beside above belo( before bet(een
&an either overn the a&&usative or the dative
&ase deter*ines se*anti& inter#retation
-./ Das Bild hngt [PP an der Wand]. Det picture hang-3Sg [PP on Det wall].
'The picture hangs on the wall.'
static localisation
-0/ Sie hngt das Bild [PP an die Wand]. She hang-3Sg Det picture [PP on Det wall].
'She hangs the picture on the wall.'
directional oveent
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Ger*an T(o+!ay $re#ositions
an, auf, hinter, in, neben, ber, unter, vor, zwischenat, by at, on behind in beside above belo( before bet(een
&an either overn the a&&usative or the dative
&ase deter*ines se*anti& inter#retation
-./ Das Bild hngt [PP an der Wand]. Det picture hang-3Sg [PP on Det wall].
'The picture hangs on the wall.'
static localisation
-0/ Sie hngt das Bild [PP an die Wand]. She hang-3Sg Det picture [PP on Det wall].
'She hangs the picture on the wall.'
directional oveent
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Ger*an T(o+!ay $re#ositions
an, auf, hinter, in, neben, ber, unter, vor, zwischenat, by at, on behind in beside above belo( before bet(een
&an either overn the a&&usative or the dative
&ase deter*ines se*anti& inter#retation
-./ Das Bild hngt [PP an der Wand]. Det picture hang-3Sg [PP on Det wall].
'The picture hangs on the wall.'
static localisation
-0/ Sie hngt das Bild [PP an die Wand]. She hang-3Sg Det picture [PP on Det wall].
'She hangs the picture on the wall.'
directional oveent
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Ger*an T(o+!ay $re#ositions
an, auf, hinter, in, neben, ber, unter, vor, zwischenat, by at, on behind in beside above belo( before bet(een
&an either overn the a&&usative or the dative
&ase deter*ines se*anti& inter#retation
-./ Das Bild hngt [PP an der Wand]. Det picture hang-3Sg [PP on Det wall].
'The picture hangs on the wall.'
static localisation
-0/ Sie hngt das Bild [PP an die Wand]. She hang-3Sg Det picture [PP on Det wall].
'She hangs the picture on the wall.'
directional oveent
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Ger*an T(o+!ay $re#ositions
an, auf, hinter, in, neben, ber, unter, vor, zwischenat, by at, on behind in beside above belo( before bet(een
&an either overn the a&&usative or the dative
&ase deter*ines se*anti& inter#retation
-./ Das Bild hngt [PP an der Wand]. Det picture hang-3Sg [PP on Det wall].
'The picture hangs on the wall.'
static localisation
-0/ Sie hngt das Bild [PP an die Wand]. She hang-3Sg Det picture [PP on Det wall].
'She hangs the picture on the wall.'
directional oveent
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T(o+(ay $re#ositions as 'erb $arti&les
T(o+(ay #re#osition 1 'erb 23 $arti&le 'erb
4ase verb5 !hngen"#$! 'to hang'
$re#osition 1 4ase 'erbauf % hngen !aufhngen"#, &$! on + to hang 'to hang on'
$arti&le in&ludes dire&tional infor*ation
$arti&le &an &hane aru*ent stru&ture of
the base verb
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T(o+(ay $re#ositions as 'erb $arti&les
T(o+(ay #re#osition 1 'erb 23 $arti&le 'erb
4ase verb5 !hngen"#$! 'to hang'
$re#osition 1 4ase 'erbauf % hngen !aufhngen"#, &$! on + to hang 'to hang on'
$arti&le in&ludes dire&tional infor*ation
$arti&le &an &hane aru*ent stru&ture of
the base verb
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$arti&le 'erbs (ith $leonasti& $re#ositions
-./ Sie steigt [PP in das 'uto].She climb-3SG [PP into Det car].
'She gets into the car.'
-0/ Sie steigt ein.She climb-3SG Particle.
'She gets in.'
-6/ Sie steigt [PP in das 'uto] ein.She gets [PP into Det car] Particle.
'She gets into the car.'
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$arti&le 'erbs (ith $leonasti& $re#ositions
-./ Sie steigt [PP in das 'uto].She climb-3SG [PP into Det car].
'She gets into the car.'
-0/ Sie steigt ein.She climb-3SG Particle.
'She gets in.'
-6/ Sie steigt [PP in das 'uto] ein.She gets [PP into Det car] Particle.
'She gets into the car.'
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$arti&le 'erbs (ith $leonasti& $re#ositions
-./ Sie steigt [PP in das 'uto].She climb-3SG [PP into Det car].
'She gets into the car.'
-0/ Sie steigt ein.She climb-3SG Particle.
'She gets in.'
-6/ Sie steigt [PP in das 'uto] ein.She gets [PP into Det car] Particle.
'She gets into the car.'
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The $leonasti& Dire&tional -%lsen, .778/
%lsen -.778/5
$arti&le saturates dire&tional re9uire*ent of the verb
$$ &an be o*itted
!underli&h -.786/5
$arti&le verbs re9uire stereoty#e or &onte:tually iven ob;e&t
%b;e&t is e9ual to internal aru*ent of the $$
%b;e&t &an be re&onstru&ted fro* the &onte:t
ob;e&t &an be o*itted
4ut (hy aren
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The $leonasti& Dire&tional -%lsen, .778/
%lsen -.778/5
$arti&le saturates dire&tional re9uire*ent of the verb
$$ &an be o*itted
!underli&h -.786/5
$arti&le verbs re9uire stereoty#e or &onte:tually iven ob;e&t
%b;e&t is e9ual to internal aru*ent of the $$
%b;e&t &an be re&onstru&ted fro* the &onte:t
ob;e&t &an be o*itted
But wh( aren!t the( alwa(s oitted)
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The $leonasti& Dire&tional -%lsen, .778/
%lsen -.778/5
$arti&le saturates dire&tional re9uire*ent of the verb
$$ &an be o*itted
!underli&h -.786/5
$arti&le verbs re9uire stereoty#e or &onte:tually iven ob;e&t
%b;e&t is e9ual to internal aru*ent of the $$
%b;e&t &an be re&onstru&ted fro* the &onte:t
ob;e&t &an be o*itted
But wh( aren!t the( alwa(s oitted)
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The $leonasti& Dire&tional -&ontin>/
So*e #arti&le verbs allo( for #leonasti& #re#ositionsovernin
a&&usative $$s only -Grou# A/
dative $$s only -Grou# 4/ either a&&usative or dative $$s -Grou# C/
Dire&tionality triers a&&usative $$s
La&" of dire&tional *eanin triers the dative
But wh( can soe *article verbs cobine
with both cases)
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The $leonasti& Dire&tional -&ontin>/
So*e #arti&le verbs allo( for #leonasti& #re#ositionsovernin
a&&usative $$s only -Grou# A/
dative $$s only -Grou# 4/ either a&&usative or dative $$s -Grou# C/
Dire&tionality triers a&&usative $$s
La&" of dire&tional *eanin triers the dative
But wh( can soe *article verbs cobine
with both cases)
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The $leonasti& Dire&tional -&ontin>/
So*e #arti&le verbs allo( for #leonasti& #re#ositionsovernin
a&&usative $$s only -Grou# A/
dative $$s only -Grou# 4/ either a&&usative or dative $$s -Grou# C/
Dire&tionality triers a&&usative $$s
La&" of dire&tional *eanin triers the dative
But wh( can soe *article verbs cobine
with both cases)
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Classifi&ation5 %vervie(
Semantic verb classes influencing case assignment:
Grou# A -a&&usative $$s/ -stati&/ 'erbs of Localisation intransitive 'erbs of Motion transitive 'erbs of otion -Transport'erbs/ 'erbs of Perception Change of State'erbs
Grou# 4 -dative $$s/ -stati&/ 'erbs of Localisation intransitive 'erbs of Motion &ausative 'erbs of Position
Grou# C -either a&&> or dat> $$s/ intransitive 'erbs of Motion transitive 'erbs of otion -Transport'erbs/ Inclusioninto an Environ*ent, Institution, Abstra&t Area Effe&ts of Action
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Classifi&ation5 Grou# A -a&&usative/
e>> intransitive 'erbs of otion5
auf den Wagen aufs*ringen on Det.Acc cart Part.jump > transitive 'erbs of otion -Trans#ort 'erbs/5
in die +asse eingieen in Det.Acc cup Part.pour
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Classifi&ation5 Grou# A -a&&usative/
e>> intransitive 'erbs of otion5
auf den Wagen aufs*ringen on Det.Acc cart Part.jump > transitive 'erbs of otion -Trans#ort 'erbs/5
in die +asse eingieen in Det.Acc cup Part.pour
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Classifi&ation5 Grou# 4 -dative/
e>> -stati&/ 'erbs of Localisation:
auf de Brett aufliegen on Det.Dat board Part.lie > &ausative 'erbs of Position
i -aus einuartieren
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Classifi&ation5 Grou# 4 -dative/
e>> -stati&/ 'erbs of Localisation:
auf de Brett aufliegen on Det.Dat board Part.lie > &ausative 'erbs of Position
i -aus einuartieren
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Classifi&ation5 Grou# C -a&&> or dat>/
e>> -stati&/ 'erbs of Localisation:
i /ier eins*erren > transitive 'erbs of otion -Transport'erbs/5 auf der 0eine aufhngen !to han on the
on Det.Dat clothesline Part.hang &lothesline or dat>/
e>> -stati&/ 'erbs of Localisation:
i /ier eins*erren > transitive 'erbs of otion -Transport'erbs/5 auf der 0eine aufhngen !to han on the
on Det.Dat clothesline Part.hang &lothesline/
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Classifi&ation5 otivation
sic1ert in die 2rde ein
soak.3.Sg in Det.Accsoil Part
'soaks into the soil'
sic1ert in der 2rde ein
soak.3.Sg in Det.Dat
soil Part'soaks the soil'
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Classifi&ation5 otivation
sic1ert in die 2rde ein
soak.3.Sg in Det.Accsoil Part
'soaks into the soil'
sic1ert in der 2rde ein
soak.3.Sg in Det.Datsoil Part
'soaks the soil'
@ underoes a dire&ted*otion durin (hi&h itenters into the reion ofthe referen&e ob;e&t >
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Classifi&ation5 otivation
sic1ert in die 2rde ein
soak.3.Sg in Det.Accsoil Part
'soaks into the soil'
sic1ert in der 2rde ein
soak.3.Sg in Det.Datsoil Part
'soaks the soil'
@ underoes a dire&ted*otion durin (hi&h itenters into the reion ofthe referen&e ob;e&t >
@ is already lo&ated in thereion of and no( is inthe #ro&ess of soa"in
throuh that reion>
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Le:i&al )un&tional Gra**ar5 Short %vervie(
0 Layers of Re#resentation -*ini*u*/5
Constituent Stru&ture -&+stru&ture/
C)G trees )un&tional Stru&ture -f+stru&ture/
Gra**ati&al fun&tions -sub;e&t, ob;e&t, fo&us, >>>/
non+transfor*ational
synta&ti& #heno*ena are treated lo&ally throuh
s#e&ifi&ation of rules and &onstraints in the le:i&on
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Le:i&al )un&tional Gra**ar5 Short %vervie(
0 Layers of Re#resentation -*ini*u*/5
Constituent Stru&ture -&+stru&ture/
C)G trees )un&tional Stru&ture -f+stru&ture/
Gra**ati&al fun&tions -sub;e&t, ob;e&t, fo&us, >>>/
non+transfor*ational
synta&ti& #heno*ena are treated lo&ally throuh
s#e&ifi&ation of rules and &onstraints in the le:i&on
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L)G5 Short %vervie(
C+stru&ture is deter*ined by $hrase Stru&ture Rules5
-./ S B N$ '$
)un&tional Annotation lin"s &+stru&ture &ateories to&orres#ondin ra**ati&al fun&tions in f+stru&ture5
S B N$ '$-0/ -SU4J/2 2
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L)G5 )or*alisation of $arti&le 'erbs
Le:i&al entry for einfahrento drive inF-4er*an )ran", .77H/
!ahren V- $RED/ 2EIN)AREN- SU4J/, - %4LKDIR/3F- )%R/2& EIN- 'ER4T$E/2$ARTICLE 'ER4>>>
ein PA"T- )%R/2ein
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L)G5 )or*alisation of $re#ositions
Le:i&al entry for aufon, atF -4er*an )ran", .77H/
auf P ad3unct subcategorized b( the verb- $RED/ 2L%C- %4J/3F- $CASE/ 2 L%C- $DET/ 2+>
auf P free ad3unct- $RED/ 2 %4LL%CAL- %4J/3F- R%LE/ 2 L%CAL- %4J AGR CAS G%'/21- %4J AGR CAS %4L /21- $DET/ 2+>
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L)G5 )or*alisation of Grou# C 'erbs
)+stru&ture for sic1ert [PP in die 2rde]'44
ein
soa"s into the soilF
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L)G5 )or*alisation of Grou# C 'erbs
)+stru&ture for sic1ert [PP in der 2rde]D'+
ein
soa"s into the soilF
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L)G5 )or*alisation of Grou# C 'erbs
Le:i&al entry for einsic1ernto soa"F
einsic#ern V- $RED/ 2EINSICERN- SU4J/, - %4LKDIR/3F- %4LKDIR5$ART+)%R/ 2 ein- %4LKDIR5%4J5CASE/ 2 acc
A&& $$s only &an fill the %4LKDIR aru*ent 4ut5 the #leonasti& $$ &an be o*itted
Soething has to fill in the arguent5B06D78
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L)G5 )or*alisation of Grou# C 'erbs
$arti&le ein &an fill the aru*ent #osition
Le:i&al entry for $arti&le ein9
ein Part- $RED/ 2Fin- %4J/3F- $ART+)%R/ 2 ein- $CASE/ 2 DIR- $SE/ 2 1- %4J $RED/ 2 $R%
%b;e&t #osition is not le:i&ally filled - %4J $RED/ 2 $R%
But how can we odel the locative PP
in the dative)
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L)G5 )or*alisation of Grou# C 'erbs
Le:i&al entry for einsic1ernto soa"F #revents dative $$ to fill inthe %4LKDIR aru*ent5
einsic#ern V
- $RED/ 2EINSICERN- SU4J/, - %4LKDIR/3F- %4LKDIR5$ART+)%R/ 2 ein- %4LKDIR5%4J5CASE/ 2 acc
Lo&ative dative $$ is atta&hed to the ad;un&t set5
'$ B ' 2 :graar rule;$$M - ADJ/
- %4J CASE/ O a&&-$$ - %4LKDIR/ 2 /$ART - %4LKDIR/ 2 >
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L)G5 )or*alisation of Grou# C 'erbs
)or*alisation &at&hes idea that referen&e ob;e&t of #arti&le is identi&alto ob;e&t of #leonasti& $$
)or*alisation ives ade9uate des&ri#tion of behaviour of Grou# C 'erbs
4ut5 does not su##ress #leonasti& a&&usative $$s for Grou# 4 'erbs-dative only/
vorfahren V to drive u#F- $RED/ 2vorfahren- SU4J/, - %4LKDIR/3F- %4LKDIR5$ART+)%R/ 2 vor
- %4LKDIR5%4J5CASE/ 2 a&&- %4LKDIR5%4J5$RED/ $c$R%
Constraint in le:i&al entry &he&"s that $RED of%4LKDIR5%4J has value $R%
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L)G5 )or*alisation of Grou# C 'erbs
)or*alisation &at&hes idea that referen&e ob;e&t of #arti&le is identi&alto ob;e&t of #leonasti& $$
)or*alisation ives ade9uate des&ri#tion of behaviour of Grou# C 'erbs
4ut5 does not su##ress #leonasti& a&&usative $$s for Grou# 4 'erbs-dative only/
vorfahren V to drive u#F- $RED/ 2vorfahren- SU4J/, - %4LKDIR/3F- %4LKDIR5$ART+)%R/ 2 vor
- %4LKDIR5%4J5CASE/ 2 a&&- %4LKDIR5%4J5$RED/ $c$R%
Constraint in le:i&al entry &he&"s that $RED of%4LKDIR5%4J has value $R%
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Con&lusions
'erbs (hi&h al(ays have a dire&tional readin in&ludin anintrusion into a ne( reion &o*bine (ith accusative only
'erbs (hose se*anti&s do not in&lude an intrusion into a ne(reion &o*bine (ith dativeonly
'erbs offerin both readins &an &o*bine (ith acc> and dat> $$s
The se*anti& differen&es &an ade9uately be *odeled on thesynta&ti& level usin the fra*e(or" of L)G
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Referen&es
Judith 4er*an and Anette )ran"> .77H> Deutsche und franzoralisus der 0>?. a: Nie*eyer 'erla, TPbinen>
iria* 4utt, Tra&y ollo(ay in, arQa+Euenia Nino and )rederi9ueSeond> .777> ' ?raar Writer@s 4oo1boo1.CSLI $ubli&ations, Stanford, California>
Jun;i %"a*oto> 00> ParticleABound Directions in ?eran Particle erb4onstructions.$ro;e"tberi&ht '5 Ty#oloi&al Investiation of Lanuaesand Cultures of the East and !est> -$art II/>
Susan %lsen> .778> Seantische und 1onze*tuelle 's*e1te derParti1elverbbildung it einA.Stauffenbur, TPbinen>
Ja*es !itt> .778> o*#ositionalitt und Reularitt, In5 %lsen, Susan -ed/>
Seantische und 1onze*tuelle 's*e1te der Parti1elverbbildung iteinA. Stauffenbur, TPbinen>
Dieter !underli&h> .786> %n the Co*#ositionality of Ger*an$refi: 'erbs> In5 R> 4uerle, Ch> S&h(are and A> von Ste&ho(-eds>/> Ceaning, se and 7nter*retation of 0anguage.De Gruyter, 4erlin>
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Than" ou
Vuestions=