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AGeometricModelBasedonFrequencyThatRevealstheNatureofTimeTheodoreJ.St.John,MS,MA,Ph.D.

Abstract Thepurposeofthispaperistopresentahypothesis:thatfrequencyisthe

keytounderstandingthefundamentalnatureoftime.Timeandspacearemirror

imagesofeachotherandtheyaretwodifferentwaysofexpressinginverse

frequency.Thereasonthisisimportantisbecause,bystartingwithfrequencythe

relationshipsofphysicscanbeexpressedbylinearequations.Itisknownthat

frequencyisdirectlyproportionaltoandthusequivalenttoquantumenergy.By

expressingtherelationshipofspatialfrequencyvs.temporalfrequencyasasimple

geometricmodel,severalwell-knownrelationshipsfallintoplacewithouthavingto

stretchthemodelintowarpedexpressionsofspacetimethatrequirecomplicated

hyperbolicfunctionsorfieldequations.Theresultisasensibleinterpretationofthe

meaningoftime,spacetime,quantumparticlesandquantumwavefunctions.The

modelalsolendsitselfdirectlytoanunderstandingofhowspaceandtimebecome

dissociatedandtransformintoquantumbitsofinformation,whichautomatically

modelsrealityasaquantumcomputer.Theimplicationsoftheseinterpretations

provideabridgebetweenphysics,asaphysicalscience,andlifesciencesthattakein

informationfromtheirsurroundings,convolveitwithitselfasparticlesandthereby

shapeandreshapematter,allowinglivingorganismstochangewithtimeandadapt

totheirenvironment.

Introduction Therehavebeenmanybooksandarticlesaboutthenatureoftime,especially

sinceStephenHawking,broughtittotheforefrontinhisbookABriefHistoryoftime.

(Hawking1990)PhysicistLeeSmolinsaidthatunderstandingthenatureoftime

mightbethemostimportantquestionforthisgenerationofphysiciststoanswer

becausetimeholdsthesecrettounderstandingtheuniverse.(Smolin,TimeReborn:

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FromtheCrisisinPhysicstotheFutureoftheUniverse2013)Heconcludedthat

timeisrealinthesensethat:“Whateverisrealinouruniverseisrealinamomentof

time,whichisoneofasuccessionofmoments.”Anotherphysicist,RichardMuller,

explainedthattheBigBangasa4-dimensionalexplosion“continuouslycreatesnot

onlynewspacebutalsonewtime.”(Muller2016)Butmanyothersstillthinkthat

timeisanillusion(Barbour1999).Andthereareafewwhoconsidertimetobe

somethingthatcanbeviewedasanintrinsicgeometricpropertyofthree-

dimensionalspace.Chappell,et.al.presentedthisusingCliffordgeometricalgebra.

(Chappell,etal.2016)However,they“absorbedtimeintoanexpressionofan

invariantspacetimedistance”.Soratherthanexplainingthenatureoftime,theyhide

itinthesquareofaquaternion,whichagreeswithwhatmostCosmologistsbelieve:

thattimeissomehowmixedwithandthushiddeninspacetocreatespacetime.

However,thenatureofspacetimeisevenmoremysteriousthantime.

Generalrelativitytheoryisthemainframeworkthathasbeenusedtoapproachthe

problemofunderstandingspacetime,andithasservedtoexplainalargebodyof

observationalinformation,includingtheredshiftinlightfromfar-awaystarsand

galaxies,nuleosynthesis,(whichpredictstheamountofhydrogenthatshouldhave

fusedintohelium)andthemicrowavebackgroundradiation,believedtobethe

“echo”oftheBigBang.(Kaku1993,pg.643)Butthishasgeneratedevenmore

questionsandcomplextheories,likeStringTheory,M-Theory,CausalSetTheory,

theAmplituhedronTheoryandLoopTheory.

AccordingtoGeorgeMusser,contributingeditoratScientificAmericanand

authorofSpookyActionataDistance(Farrar,StrausandGiroux,2015)andThe

CompleteIdiot’sGuidetoStringTheory(Alpha,2008),“Ifphysicistshavelearned

anythingfromthelongslogtounifytheirtheories,itisthatspaceandtimeforma

systemofsuchstaggeringcomplexitythatitmaydefyourmostardenteffortsto

understand.”(Musser2018)“Thebottom-linelessonofquantumgravity”said

Musser,“isthatnotallphenomenaneatlyfitwithinspacetime.Physicistswillneed

tofindsomenewfoundationalstructure,andwhentheydo,theywillhavecompleted

therevolutionthatbeganjustmorethanacenturyagowithEinstein.”

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Ratherthanproposinganewfoundationalstructure,thispaperreflectson

andreconsidershowtheoldfoundationswereinterpreted.AccordingtoE.A.Burtt

inTheMetaphysicalFoundationsofModernScience,beforethedaysofNewton,the

treatmentoftimeasanindependententitywasconsideredbymanytobea

philosophicalblunder.(Burtt2003,pg.158)

“Clearly, justaswemeasurespace, firstbysomemagnitude,and learn

howmuchit is, later judgingothercongruentmagnitudesbyspace;so

we first reckon time from some motion and afterwards judge other

motions by it; which is plainly nothing else than to compare some

motionswithothersbythemediationoftime;justasbythemediationof

spaceweinvestigatetherelationsofmagnitudeswitheachother.”

Inotherwords,aunitoftimeisjustaunitofmotionthatiscapturedor

“clocked”byacyclicalmotiondeviceasaunitmeasuredinthepast,tobeusedasa

commondenominatorforothermotion.Spacetimethenissimplyaspatiotemporal

processthatimplicitlyflowsandweexperienceitasmotion.Butitmustbeexpressed

asapairofexplicitmeasurablequantitiesthatappearto“dancewitheachother”

andmoveindependentlywithaninverserelationship.Thisinverserelationshipwill

beexplainedandillustratedbelowinasimplegeometricmodel.

TheHypothesis Thehypothesispresentedhereisthatfrequency,whichisdefinedasinverse

time,e.g.incyclespersecond,shouldbeconsideredthemostfundamental

spatiotemporalprocess-unitinnature.Thentime,astheinverseoffrequency,is

simplyamirrorimageofaquantumunitofenergy,bothofwhicharebyproductsof

relativemotion.Wemaythinkthatwesensetime,butmotion,whichisubiquitous,

iswhatweactuallysense.Aquantumunitofenergyisjustenergyinmotionand

thereisnosuchthingasanobjectatrest.Anobjectonlyappearstobeatrestinits

ownreferenceframe.Itisalwaysinmotionrelativetoeverythingelseinthe

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universethatismovingwithrespecttoit.Thereasonthattimeisa“problem”inthe

firstplaceisbecausewearetaughttothinkofitasaprimaryfundamentalunit.And

thatisbecausedoingsoallowedearlyphysiciststopredicttheoutcomeofrelative

motion.Thatiswherethemoneyis,sotospeak,becausemeteringmotionand

predictingtimeandlocationofarrivalisextremelypracticalanduseful.Butthat

modelseparatesandhidesthefundamentalnatureofrealityandfoolsusinto

thinkingthatthephysicalaspectiswhatisreal.Eventuallythatmodelreachedits

limitandbegantocreateproblems,liketheonesdescribedaboveandother

“singularityproblems”.(Smolin,TheTroubleWithPhysics2006)

ThesolutionIsubmitistorecognizefrequency–theinverseoftime–as

primary.Westartwiththeconceptofenergy.Theword“energy”referstoan

implicitconceptthatjustis.Tosaythatitisimplicitmeansitcannotbeexpressed,

onlyimplied.Ifwetrytoexpressit,wemakeitexplicitviatheexpression.Asimplicit

totheuniverse,energyisubiquitous;itcanneitherbecreatednordestroyed.But

onceexplicated,(seeDavidBohm’sWholenessandtheImplicateOrder(Bohm1980))

itcanbechangedinform.Andtheword“form”impliesashapethatcanbe

representedbyaquantity.Themostfundamentalunitofenergyisaquantumunit,

andweknowfromquantummechanicsthatitcanbeexpressedasafunctionof

frequency:𝐸 = ℎ𝑓,whereℎisPlanck’sconstant.Infact,thesameequationholds

whetherfreferstotemporalfrequency,whichisinversetime𝑓! =!!,orspatial

frequency,whichisinversespace,𝑓! =!!,wherecisthespeedoflight.Thesis

usuallywrittenaswavelength(𝜆)asintheequation𝐸 = !!!.Andsince!

!definesthe

momentumofaphotonandmomentumimpliestheparticulateformofenergy(a

quantumparticle),spatialfrequencyisgenerallyignored.Perhapsthatisbecause

focusingon“objects”isofmoreinteresttothosewhowanttobeobjective.However,

timeisnotanobjectandsoitcannotbeunderstoodbyfocusingonobjectivereality.

Method Theapproachusedhereistopresentamodelwithoneunitofenergyandits

equivalent–oneunitoffrequency–onarectangularcoordinatesystem,asshownin

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Figure1(withenergyrepresentedbyavectorarrowwithmagnitudeofone),and

frequenciesrepresentedasthefirstunittoscaletheaxes.Sothefrequencyofone

unitofenergywouldbeonecycleperwhateverunityouchoose.Andthevalueofc

woulddependonthatchoiceofunits.Wewillnotchoosecommonphysicalunits.

Instead,“naturalunits”areexpressed(i.e.madeexplicit)sothateachoneis“one

unitofenergy”.

BecausethetipofeacharrowinFigure1representsthe“particleboundary”

(thismeanstheenergyboundaryofaquantumparticle,notthephysicalboundary),

theregionoutsideofoneunitrepresentsthepartoftheuniversethatisnotthe

particle.Logically,“nottheparticle”meanstheinverseoftheparticle;therefore,

outsideoftheboundaryonthespatialaxisrepresents3-Dspace(s)andonthe

temporalaxis,itrepresentstime(t).

Figure1

Thismayseemlikeanunconventionalwayofusingarectangularcoordinate

systembecausetheunitsforenergyaredifferentfromtheunitsofspaceandtime.

Butwedothesamethingwithvectorsthatrepresentmotionthathasmagnitude

anddirection.Itisasuperpositionofrelationships.Regardlessofwhatunitsof

measurementsareassigned,therelationshipsremainthesame.The“outside”

domaincorrespondstorelativisticrelationshipsandthe“inside”domain

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correspondstoquantumrelationships.Thesetwodomainsareoftenmixed

mathematically,forexampleaunitofpowerisaunitofenergyperunittimeor

𝑃 = !!.InFigure1,thisusestheinsideunitofenergyasthenumeratorandthe

outsideunitasthedenominatorandtheresultistheslopeofthediagonalline.Orif

yourotatetheaxeswithtemporalunitsastheverticalandspatialunitsasthe

horizontal,theslopewouldrepresentaunitofforce,sinceforceisaunitofenergy

perunitdistanceor𝐹 = !!,whereswouldrepresentaunitofmeasureinone

dimension–thedirectionoftheforce.(Halliday,ResnickandWalker1993)

AsitisinFigure1,theslopeofthediagonallineis!!= 𝑐ontheoutsideand

! !!!= !

!ontheinside.InHartreenaturalunits,𝑐 = 1isthespeedoflightand!

!= 𝛼is

thefinestructureconstant,whichisconsideredbymosttobeafundamental

constantinnature(Nair,etal.2008).Inthegeneralrelativityframework,itisa

fundamentalphysicalconstantcharacterizingthestrengthoftheelectromagnetic

interactionbetweenelementarychargedparticles.Butithasmultiplephysical

interpretations(seehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-structure_constant)and

someevensuggestthatitmaynotbestrictlyconstant(Webb,etal.1998).According

tothemodelpresentedhere,itissimplyacluethattheexpressionofthequantum

domainisthemirrorimageoftherelativisticdomain.

Presentingspaceandtimeinthiswayallowsseveralotherrelationshipsto

fallinplaceaswell,asshowninFigure2,wherethesubscriptin𝐸! standsfor

deBroglie,todistinguishitfrom𝐸! ,whichisrestenergyand𝐸! ,whichistotal

energy.(ReproducedfromFigure6of(StJohn,TheHolomorphicProcess-

UnderstandingtheHolographicNatureofRealityasaMetamorphicProcess2018))

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Figure2

Noticethatthekineticenergytermisrepresentedbythepartofthetotal

energyvectorthatliesoutsideofthe“particle”boundary.Itisareflectionofthefact

thataquantumparticleisaunitofenergy,geographicallyexpressedintheenergy

domain,whichissuperimposedovertherelativisticdomain(sandt,notlabeledin

thisfigure).Inotherwords,aparticle,oranyphysicalobject,canbeperceivedasan

independentobject–or–asanobjectthatisinmotionrelativetoanythingelseinthe

universethatismovingrelativetoit.Andthetworepresentationscanbe

superimposedbyapplyingtheappropriatescalingfactororcoordinate

transformation.TheLorentzfactor,𝛾servesthispurposehere.

Figure1andFigure2werepresentedtovalidatethismodeloffrequency

withitsinverses(spaceandtime).Inordertouseittounderstandthenatureof

time,theouter(relativistic)rectangulardomainwillbescaledasusual,seeFigure3,

withlinearincrementsoftime,andtheinner(frequency)domainwillbescaledwith

incrementsofinversetime.ThusFigure3isatwodimensionalrepresentationofa

torus,withthequantumdomainastheregioninsidethecircle–theeventreference

or“eventhorizon”inblackholelingo–andtherelativisticdomainontheoutside.

Theverticalaxisstillrepresents3-Dspace,butwe’refocusingontimeinthisfigure,

sothelabelsareleftoffinthefigure.Allfourquadrantsareshownbecausetheinner

domainwillbeidentifiedasapolardomaininthenextsection.

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Figure3

Historically,physicistshavetaken𝑡 = 0tobealegitimatestartingpointfor

measurement.ButaccordingtoFigure3,𝑡 = 0correspondsto!!= ∞oraninfinite

frequency.Obviouslythereisnosuchthingasinfinitefrequency,sousing𝑡 = 0asa

referencepointforlinearlyscaledmotioncreatesaproblem.Theproblemisthat

regardlessofwhatunitsofmeasureyouchoose,oneunitisoneunit.Andifthe

fundamentalunitofmotionisaunitoffrequency,thenunitsofspaceandtimemust

berepresentedasinversesbetween0and1.Inotherwords,ameasurementofone

unitisatruemeasurementsousing𝑡 = 1asaneventreferencemakesthemodelfit

reality.Theproblemwithback-projectingthatmeasurementtozeroisthatit

stretchesthetruth,andtryingtoforcerealitytofitthemodelcreatesawarped

interpretationofreality.Withoutageometricmodel,mathdoesn’trevealthis

problem.DifferentialCalculusforexample,handlesthisstretchingoperationby

shrinkingthepolardomainintermsoftimedowntoapoint:thelim!→!∆!∆!,andthen

definesthatusinglinearunitsofmeasureasinstantaneousspeedinonedirection.

Formostpracticalpurposesthisisfineandveryusefulbecauseitisaccuratewithin

theprecisionlimitsofmeasurement.

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Butquantumphysicsisallaboutthepartinsidethelimitas∆𝑡 → 0and

∆𝑠 → 0.Whenitwasbeingdeveloped,NielsBohrformulatedthe“correspondence

principle”,whichrequiresthatthebehaviorofsystemsdescribedinthenew

quantummodelmustreducetothesameprovenresultsastheclassicalmodel.But

thentheyhadtoprovideinterpretationsthatdidnotcorrespondtorealityaswe

knowitinthe“realworld”.Theyacceptedthatthequantumworldwasjustweird.

Andphysicistsworkingwithspecialandgeneralrelativityhaveacceptedthesame

“copout”:thatthecosmosisjustwarpedandweird.

Toanengineer,theproblemisthatphysicistsarenotconcernedwiththereal

worldandtherefore,mistakethemapfortheterritory.Engineersrecognizethe

warpingeffectasanartifactthatiscausedbymapping,whichisarequiredpartof

anengineer’scurriculumbecauseitisastandardmethodusedforsolvingboundary

valueproblems.Conformalmapspreserverelationshipsintheformofsizeand

attitude(senseofangles)fromonedomaintoanother.(Kreyszig1979,pg.599)In

thiscase,theslopeofthediagonallineinthefigureisaconformalprojectionofa

unitinthedimensionperpendiculartothespace-timeplane,i.e.themotion

dimension.Therefore,themodelpresentedhereiscalledtheSpace-Time-Motionor

STMmodel.(StJohn2018)

Sothequantumpoint,lim∆!→!∆!→!isjustthecircleyoumightdrawonaplaneto

representthethirdaxiscomingoutofthepage.Incontrolsystemdesign,engineers

makegreateffortstoensurethatcontrolsystemsavoidapproachingsingularpoints,

like𝑡 = 0called“poles”becausetheyrepresentconditionsofmaximuminstability

inthesystem.(Ogata1970,pg.23)That,Isubmit,istheproblemwithmodern

theoreticalphysics.Themodelsthatheldtimeasaprimaryfundamentalunit

becameunstableandtheback-projection“blewup”ina“cataclysmicexplosion10-

20billionyearsago”,asMichioKakuputit(Kaku1993)becausetheyassumethat

therewasabeginningtotheuniverse.Butifthereisnosuchthingaszerotimeor

zerospace,i.e.nobeginningtotheuniverse,theneventhoughrealeventscanbefit

intothemodel,themodelstilldoesn’tfitreality.

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Ontheotherhand,frequencyisequivalenttoarealunitofenergy.Spatial

frequencyandtemporalfrequencyareexplicitunits,justlikespaceandtime,but

neitheroneisseparatedintothreedimensions,sotheyworktogetheraslinear

relations,commonlyusedasFourierandLaplacetransforms.Spaceandtimestill

workasscalesthatcanbemanipulatedanywayyouwant,tobuildsymbolicmodels

thatareappropriateforspecificapplications.Butextendingthelinearscalesbackto

theoriginbrushesoverthemeaningofthequantumunitofmotion.Thatunitisa

unitofvibration–akernelinformation.Andthatinformationreflectsthemeaningof

time.

Soratherthanstretchingorbrushingoverit,wewilluseapolarcoordinate

systemandcorrelatethepolardomainwithquantumspaceandtherectangular

domainwithrelativisticspace.Thenwecorrelatevectorsinrelativisticspacewith

phasorsinquantumspace.Thebenefitofthisapproachisthatitprovides

interpretationsthatcorrespondtoprovenresultsinbothquantumandrelativistic

models,describedin(StJohn2018),aswellastherealworld,i.e.itwillbeshown

belowthattherelationshipsderivedfromthisapproachproducethegoldenratio,

whichisevidentinthestructureoflivingorganisms.

PhaseVectorsandPhasorDiagrams

Vectorsaredefinedbytheirmagnitudeanddirectionandarenormally

superimposedoverrectangularcoordinatesystems.“Phasors”asshowninFigure4

arephasevectors,i.e.theydefinetheirangleasmeasuredfromareference(usually

thehorizontalaxis)inapolarcoordinatesystem.Soratherthanscalingtheinside

partofthetaxisas!!,phasorsuseangularfrequency,𝜔.Theyarecommonlyusedin

electricalengineeringtorepresentwavesofalternatingcurrentfortransmissionof

powerorradiosignals.Intheseapplications,phasorsalwayshaveconstant

magnitude,like𝐸,theradiusofthecircleinFigure1,sotheyaremoreusefulfor

constantamplitudewaves.Here,theportionofthevectorinsidethecircleinFigure

2thatrepresentsaparticle“atrest”isrepresentedasthesolidphasorinFigure4.

Theendpointofthisdiscussionwillbetoillustratewhatthistypeofcoordinate

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systemrevealsastimepasses(thegoldenratio),butwashiddenwhenthequantum

domainwasignoredandthushidden.

Aphasordiagramonlyneedsoneaxistoscaleitsmagnitudeandprovidea

referencefortheangleofthephasor,butinthisapplicationweneedboththe

quantumandrelativisticsystemsbecausewhateverhappensinonedomainalso

happensintheotherandwewillbeabletojumpbackanforthasneeded.

Figure4

Eventhoughenergyappearstobecollapsedandlocalizedintoaparticle,a

particleisstillinmotionrelativetoeverythingelseintheuniverse,soitmustbe

expressedasaspatiotemporalunit.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyseparatingthe

phasorinFigure4intoaspatialcomponent(atanangle𝑘𝑟totheleftdashed

phasor)andatemporalcomponent(atanangle𝜔𝑡totherightdashedphasor).The

differenceangle𝜃 = (𝑘𝑟 − 𝜔𝑡)representsthephasedifferencebetweenthetwo.As

timepasses,thesetwoexpressasseparatewaves,but𝜃 = 0representsthephasor

thatremainsconstanttorepresentthesolidphasor(nottheonesthataredashed

lines),collinearwiththerelativisticvector𝐸! inFigure2.

Thephaseangleisthesameexpressionusedastheargumentofatransverse

wave,suchas𝑦 𝑥, 𝑡 = 𝑦!sin(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡),where𝑦!isthemaximumamplitudeofthe

wave,𝑘 = !!and𝜔 = !!

!.Butinthatcase,themodelisusedtoplotthewavemoving

eitherinspaceorintimewhiletheotherisheldconstant.Aphasordiagramallows

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thembothtochangetogetherasinversesofeachother.SoonephasorinFigure4

mustrotatetotheleftastheotherrotatestotherightatthesameconstantangular

rate.Again,thisleavestheoriginaldiagonalphasor,thetotalenergyofthequantum

particle,toremainunchanged.

Astheleftvectorbeginstorotateleftandgetahigherslope !!inreference

totherelativisticframe,(asshowninFigure4),thiswouldbeinterpretedtomeanit

isincreasingspeedandsincethevectorcomponentprojectedontothespaceaxisis

gettinglarger,thatsuggeststhattheparticleisgettingbiggerordiffusing.Similarly,

therightvectorprojectsasifitwereslowingdownandgettingsmalleror

collapsing.Sothiswouldmeanthattheparticleisbeginningtoseparateitselfinto

aninnersphereandanoutersphere.Inreality,onewouldarguethatthisisrelated

totheHeisenberguncertaintyprinciple,andnothingishappeningtotheactual

particle.It’sthemodelthatmustchangeinordertorepresentchangethatresults

fromthepassageoftime.Andsincetheappearanceofthephysicalparticledoesn’t

change,thespatialpartoftheexpressionhastoberenormalized,moment-by-

moment,whereasthetemporalpartdoesnot.Thequestionis,whatdefinesthat

“moment”.Thatiswherethegoldenratioappearsinthemodel.

Result:TheGoldenRatio Thereisapointinthetwophasors’rotationwherethetwoslopesreacha

veryspecialvalue.Figure5showsthisfortheleftphasor(kr)andFigure6forthe

rightphasor(𝜔𝑡).Thatspecialvalueisthepointwheretheslope,whichisaratio,

reachesthegoldenratio,∅ = 1.618… What’ssospecialaboutthegoldenratio?Itis

thesolutiontotherelation∅ = 1+ !∅.If∅istheslopeoftheleftphasor,thismeans

thatifthereferencescaleshiftsbyoneunitoneitheraxis,i.e.onemomentintime

andonemomentinspace,thentherotatedphasorwiththeslope,∅,canbereplaced

byanewphasor(shownasphasor3)withthesameslopeasphasor2,exceptas

referredtotheoutsidereferenceframe(justascand!!wereshowninFigure1)and

shiftedbyoneunitasshowninbothFigure5andFigure6.

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Andthereisa“twist”:Sincetheangleofeachphasorisfoundbytakingthe

arctan(theoppositeovertheadjacentsidesoftherighttriangle),itiseasyto

calculatethatthetwonewphasorsarerotated(ergotwisted)by13.28oinopposite

directionsascomparedtotheoldvector,phasor1.

Asmentionedabove,justbeforetheshift,the“size”ofthe“newparticle”in

theunshiftedreferenceframe(theprojectionofphasor2onthespaceaxisinboth

figures)isdifferentfromtheoriginalparticle(phasor1).Theprojectionoftheleft

(spatial)phasorinFigure5suggeststhattheparticleisgrowing,butbecauseit

doesn’tappeartobephysicallylarger,thescaleofthespaceaxishastobe

renormalized.Ineffect,the“new”phasor,phasor3,seemstohavecollapsedalong

withthenewrenormalizedcoordinatesystem.Sowecanimaginethattheparticle

expandsfora“goldenmoment”thencollapsesbacktotheoriginalsize.Orwecould

saythattherectangularcoordinatesystemrotatedtoputphasor3backat45!

givingtheparticleitscharacteristicangularmomentumorspin.Whenthat

happens,thetemporalphasormustalsorotatetotherighttoaccountforthe13.28o

tokeep𝜃 = 0.Theresultisthesameparticlethatcontainsa“module”ofinverse-

temporalinformation,i.e.itisafrequencymodulatedunitofinformation(what

NassimHarameincallsaPlanckunitthatmakesuptheunifiedfield).

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Figure5

Figure6

Soevenifnothingphysicalabouttheparticleitselfchanged,theobserver’s

perceptionchangedbecausetheparticleappearstohaverotatedinspaceandtime.

Wesensethemotioninspacebecauseithasmomentum,and“pulls”the

surroundingspaceinward,whichwemeasureasgravity.Andwesensethatithas

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movedintime,butweinterpretittobeunchangingintime.Ratherthanthinking

thattheparticlechangedintime,wethinkthattimehaschangedindependentofthe

particle.Andthatisaperfectlylegitimateinterpretationformostpracticalpurposes.

Butifthatistrue,wheredidthetimego?

Itwentinwardasamomentofinversetimeanditsreflectionwentoutward

asournormalnotionofamomentintime:i.e.theclassic“arrowoftime”.Because

thespaceaxiswasrenormalizedbutthetemporalaxiswasnot,theoldtemporal

phasorstillappearstorepresentasmallerparticle(projectionofphasor3onthe

spaceaxis),whichwecouldimagineobjectivelyasan“event-particle”(atermfrom

ProcessPhilosophy(Whitehead1929))orqbitofinformationcollapseinsidetoward

theinfinitesimalcenterofthephysicalparticle.Thissuggeststhatatorusisabetter

modelthanaspheretorepresentquantumparticles.Anditmightcorrespondto

energylevelsthatrepresentelectronorbitalsinthecurrentmodelsofphysics,but

thathasnotbeenverified.Andifthismodelrepresentsalivingbeing,itsuggests

thattheinner“event-particle”mightbeassociatedwithourmemoryandwithour

geneticcodestoredasquantumunits,twistedinthehelicalformofDNA,being

programmedinrealtime.

Keepinmindthattheprojectionsonthespaceandtimeaxesdonot

representtotalenergyoftheparticle,butratherwavesinspaceandtime.Butthe

differenceinphaseanglesbetweenthenewandoldparticlecanberepresentedasa

differentwavethatmodulatestheparticlefrequency.Andasawave,itisaunitof

information.ThissupportstheideathatperhapsInformationTheoryprovidesa

betterapproachtounderstandingrealitythantheStandardModelofParticle

Physics.(DaviesandGregersen2010)

Itisalsoimportanttonotethatthegoldenratiocanbewrittenintheform

∅! = 1+ ∅.Sothisreferstheslopebacktotheinsidedomainoftheoriginal

referenceframeandpresentstheoldenergytermasbeingsquared.Inclassical

wavetheory,thesquareofawaveamplitudereferstointensity,i.e.theamountof

energythatpassesthroughaunitareaperpendiculartothewavedirectionintime.

Inthiscase,thatdirectionisinward.

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Thegoldenratiohasbeenknownforcenturiesandusedinartand

architecturebecauseapplyingittodetermineproportionsforfiguresandbuildings

createsaestheticallypleasingresults.Anditappearsasacommonpatterninleaves,

plants,fruitsandflowers(veryobviousinpineapplesandpinecones)aswellas

seashells(forexamplethenautilus)andanimals,includinghumans.Clearlythe

goldenratioismuchmorethanatoolforart.AccordingtotheSTMmodelpresented

here,itistherelationshipthatshapeseveryfiberofourbeingandeverymomentof

spaceandtime.Andasprojectionsoflife,weliterallyresonatewithit.

Conclusion Thisprocess,whichIcalltheholomorphicprocess,bywhichtheunifiedfield

separatesintotwodomains,projectsitselfinwardandoutward,reflectsonitself(at

thepointthatitsmotionreachesthegoldenratio)andreunifies,ishowthree

dimensionsofspacearemixedwithonedimensionoftimetomakespacetimeseem

tobesomekindofweirdphenomenondifferentthanenergywheninfactitisjust

information-modulatedenergy,whichiscalled“truth”sinceitactuallyhappened.If

spaceisrepresentedasasphereonthree-dimensionalcoordinatesystem,thentime

isjusttheinward-outwarddirection.Itisassimpletounderstandasconsideringthe

radiusofaspheretobeafourthdimension,exceptthateachspherecapturesthe

implicitprocessasinformation.Wejusthappentoscaleitbyastandardclock.

There’snothingspecialaboutstandardclocktime.Itwasameasureofmotionthat

wasrecordedandisnow“clocked”asareferenceattheNationalInstituteof

StandardsandTechnology(NIST).Soitiseffectivelyanointedandtreatedasbeinga

sacredunit.

Thelogicaltwist(thinkingthattimeitselfisdifferentthaninversefrequency)

andstrictdefinitionoftimeasanunchangingunit,objectifiesandhidesthemeaning

oftime,becauseitignorestheconvolutionprocess.Convolutionmeansthatspace

andtimeformaconvolutedwhole,i.e.theinformationpresentontheoutsideis

continuouslyconvolved,withtheparticle.Thisprocessshapestheparticleintoa

formthatcanbeperceivedatthemacroscopiclevelasbeingatrest.It’stheformor

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shapethatimpliestheinformationanddictatesitsbehavior.Thisisexactlyhow

anatomicalinformationgetsinfusedorimpliedinanx-rayorholographicfilm.But,

whereastheinformationinahologrammustbedeconvolvedbyilluminatingitwith

anotherlaser,theinformationinaquantumparticleisautomaticallydeconvolved

byrelativemotion(itsbehavior).

Oneexample,ofhowrelativemotiondeconvolvesinformation,was

demonstratedbyAlbertEinsteinwhenheusedstatisticalanalysisofBrownian

motion(randommotionofdustparticles)toprovethattheirmotionimpliedthe

existenceofformswenowknowasmolecules.Inhis1956paper,InvestigationsOn

TheTheoryoftheBrownianMovement,hehypothesizedthatthemovementofdust-

particlesonthesurfaceofasphericaldropofliquidwasthevisiblemacroprocess

impliedbyrandomcollisionswithmolecules.Hedevelopedanequationforthe

distributionofthenumberofparticlesperunitvolumeasafunctionoftime(t)and

position(x).Hesaid,“wewillcalculatethedistributionoftheparticlesatatime

𝑡 + 𝜏fromthedistributionatthetimet.”Thenhesolvedforthemomentofthe

distribution.Aswithanystatisticaldistribution,the“moment”providesuswitha

singlemeasureofacollectivebehavior,deducedfromtheshapeofthedistribution.

Thatmeansthattheshapeevolvesbyconvolvingthefunction,definedbythe

implicitnatureofthemicrosystem,withtime.Byexpandingandrearrangingit,he

effectivelydeconvolveditandsolvedforthediffusioncoefficient.Thisdeconvolved

expressionwasthenverifiedbyexperimentalobservationofdustparticles.

Aseachmomentoftimepasses,thequantumbitsofinformationthatare

present–inthepresent–(onthesurfaceofeveryquantumparticle)collapseinward

andbecomeinfusedintotheparticleasbitwiserecordings,collectivelycalled“the

past”.Soaunitofinverse-timeisinterpretedasa“momentofthepast”–asingle

“logical”quantumbitofinformationstoredinthree“physical”dimensions.

Collective,itformsafour-bitqbit.Aspartofalargerquantumcomputer,itself-

programs,self-correctsandrunsitself,whichisanideathatiscurrentlybeing

studied.(Lloydd’Arbelofn.d.)(Lloyd2007)(Almheiri,DongandHarlow2015)

(Wolchover2019)Theoutward-pointingvectorsimplycorrespondstothe

mysteriousarrowoftime.

18

Themostprofoundimplicationofthisisthatallphysicalmatter,includinga

livingorganism,isrecordingeverymomentintime.Soweareareflectionofevery

event,actionandwordthatweexperienceincludingthosethatwegenerate.These

interpretationsprovidesabridgebetweenphysics,asaphysicalscience,andthelife

sciences,whichmustincludeinformationfromtheenvironmentthatconvolveswith

particlestoallowlifetogrow,changeandadapt.

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