Download - Geographies of Academic Knowledge Exchange
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Geographies of Academic Knowledge
ExchangeMasters Thesis Defense
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Thesis
The nature of informal knowledge exchange amongst scientists is affected by the surrounding environment.
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Why?Elements of the urban environment decrease accessibility.
If travel isn't easy, it will be avoided.
When travel is avoided, chances for serendipitous contact are reduced.
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Effort & Reward
Individuals will choose to undertake an activity based on the effort that it will take to complete.
They will also take into account the rewards they receive from participating/completing the activity.
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Microscale - the landscape within the immediate line of sight
Scale
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Scale
Micro
Mesoscale - walking distance of an individual
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Scale
Micro
Meso
Macroscale - beyond walking distance
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Macro
Scale
Micro
Meso
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What we knowMacro
Micro
Meso
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What we know
Allen 1977,Kraut 1990 & 2002,Grey & Toker 2008
Macro
Micro
Meso
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What we know
Allen 1977,Kraut 1990 & 2002,Grey & Toker 2008
Knudesn et. al 2005, Macro
Micro
Meso
Link & Scott 2006
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What we know
Allen 1977,Kraut 1990 & 2002,Grey & Toker 2008
Knudesn et. al 2005,
No evidence
Macro
Micro
Meso
Link & Scott 2006
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What we know
Allen 1977,Kraut 1990 & 2002,Grey & Toker 2008
Knudesn et. al 2005, Macro
Micro
Meso
Link & Scott 2006
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0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Data from Link & Scott 2006 Em
ploym
ent g
rowt
h
Miles from university
Privately Owned Research Park University Owned Research Park
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When thinking about effort, we don't want to study the direct path people take
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Rather, we want to think about the path they actually take
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Rather, we want to think about the path they actually take
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We have to recognize what barriers exist that reduce people's willingness to
travel on both macroscales
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and microscales
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Columbus, Ohio Toronto, Ontario
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Methodology
Interviews
Survey of university researchers
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0
200
400
600
800
Ohio State University University of Toronto
Population Size
Faculty Graduate Students
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0
20
40
60
80
Ohio State University University of Toronto
Responce Rate
Faculty Graduate Students
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Survey Questions
Commute
Career stage
Distance to university/ private lab
Interaction patterns with outside scientists
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Analysis I : ANOVANo Sig
differenceDifference at p<.1 Difference at p<.01
Distance to MaRS/BattelleCommute distanceCommute via car
Alternative transportationDiscuss research @ partyDiscuss research w/ lab
Any contact w/ labFriend
Colleague
XX
XX
XXX
XX
Red box: OSU has higher means; Blue box: U of T has higher mean
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Analysis II : OSU LogitModel 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Constant
Friend
Colleague
Faculty
Distance Home
Distance to Battelle
Commute via Car
Nagelkete R2
.766** 0.638* 0.507* 0.581
-0.556 0.296 0.308
-0.088 -0.243 -0.234
2.221* 2.231*
-0.003
*.017
*.018
0.017 0.121 0.121
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Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Constant
Friend
Colleague
Faculty
Distance Home
Distance to MaRS
Alternative Transportation
Nagelkete R2
1.522 2.106** 1.938** 0.202
-0.441 -0.419 -0.391
-0.845 -1.080 -1.579
1.119 2.385*
-.061*
.234*
2.278*
0.059 0.112 0.353
Analysis III : U of T Logit
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Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Constant
Friend
Colleague
Faculty
Distance Home
Distance to MaRS
Alternative Transportation
Nagelkete R2
1.522 2.106** 1.938** 0.202
-0.441 -0.419 -0.391
-0.845 -1.080 -1.579
1.119 2.385*
-.061*
.234*
2.278*
0.059 0.112 0.353
Analysis III : U of T Logit
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Interpretation
Little evidence of spatial effects in Columbus -- temporal effects more important.
Some evidence of spatial effects in Toronto, but more research is needed to confirm if they are mesoscale or macroscale.
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In Toronto, MaRS & U of T need to create regular, informal
interaction opportunities for scientists
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OSU's parking problems are intractable - this makes encouraging interaction difficult
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Future Work
Concentrate on more in-depth qualitative data gathering
Concentrate on finding observable mesoscale effects