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Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
GIS Software
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1. The Early GISs1. The Early GISs
SURFACE II, by Kansa Geological Survey SYMAP, by Harvard Laboratory for Computer
Graphics and Spatial Analysis
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SURFACE IISURFACE II Surface III displays of three-dimensional, single-valued
surfaces The input to Surface III is a text file containing X-Y-Z data
points. The program will create a matrix of rows and columns describing the surface. The gridding methods include distance-weighted averaging, polynomial fitting, and Universal kriging, Etc.
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SURFACE IISURFACE II The software can create several kinds of maps
contour maps
three-dimensional fishnet diagrams
color-filled contours
data-point postings
Grids can be added, subtracted, multiplied, or divided by one another (grid-to-grid operations)
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SYMAPSYMAP
Developed as general-purpose mapping package beginning in 1964
Output exclusively on line printers Poor resolution, low quality Limited functionality but simple to use A way for non-cartographers to make maps First real demonstration of ability of computers to
make maps Sparked enormous interest in a previously unheard-
of technology
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2. Major GIS Software Packages2. Major GIS Software Packages
ArcGIS (ARC/INFO), Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)
ArcView, ESRI Autodesk Map, Autodesk Inc. GRASS (Graphic Resources Analysis Support System) IDRISI, Clark University Graduate School of
Geography MapInfo, MapInfo Corporation Maptitude, Caliper Corporation Geomedia, Intergraph Corporation
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ArcGIS (ARC/INFO)ArcGIS (ARC/INFO)
A long lived, full function GIS With hundreds of sophisticated tools for map
automation, data conversion, database management, map overlay and spatial analysis, interactive display and query graphic editing, and address geocoding
A relational database interface Changed to object-oriented design in version 8+ Use Visual Basic as the programming language
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ArcViewArcView
A desk top system for store, query, display, and analyze spatial data
A graphic user interface facilitates display and viewing Support other analyses such as Geo-coding, Spatial
Analyst, Network Analysis, web activation of ArcView maps, and 3D display
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Autodesk MapAutodesk Map
Built on the capabilities of AutoCAD Extensively used in planning, engineering, and
architecture Supports topology, Oracle and SQL query, and
grids/images Extensive tools for coordinate conversion, map
editing and digitizing
Use C++ as a development tool
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Autodesk Map 3D User Autodesk Map 3D User InterfaceInterface
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GRASSGRASS
Developed by the US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (CERL)The headquarters is at Baylor University after CERL terminated GRASS work in 1996
The first Unix based GIS, using raster data It is a free software with an open architecture
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Grass 6.0 FeaturesGrass 6.0 Features
New Vector Engine (geometry) Volume visualization Vector network analysis Interoperability
http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php
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IDRISIIDRISI
A not-for profit operation A raster GIS, with an open architecture Image processing and spatial statistical analysis Time-series analysis, spatial decision support,
uncertainty analysis
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MapInfoMapInfo
A less than full-blown GIS, data ready Suited to economic, political, cultural, industrial
applications A link to Basic programming language MapBasic
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MaptitudeMaptitude
Related to TransCAD, GIS-Plus GIS Come with geocoded and system-ready data Allow creation and maintenance of
database, analysis of geographic relationship, and map display
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GeomediaGeomedia
A layer based GIS With a set of modules for different functions There are additional extensions for land information,
parcel management, public works, and transportation
Maintains topologically clean data without building topology
Use Orical and SQL for attribute data
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3. Picking up a GIS Software3. Picking up a GIS Software
Cost Training Manual User support group Software maintenance
That is all well and good, but, but does it come with a remote?
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4. Readings4. Readings
Keith Clarke, 2003, Getting Started with Geographic Information Systems, 4th edition, Prentice Hall.
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Clients
FilesFiles(Personal Geodatabase,(Personal Geodatabase,Shapefiles, Coverages,Shapefiles, Coverages,Grids, tins, etc)Grids, tins, etc)
ArcSDE Services
DatabasesDatabasesMulti-user GeodatabasesMulti-user Geodatabases(in Oracle, SQL Server,(in Oracle, SQL Server,
IBM DBII, etc)IBM DBII, etc)
ArcInfo ArcEditor ArcView
ArcIMS Services
ArcExplorer Browser
InternetArcPad
ArcEngine/ArcObjectsApplicationDevelopment &Customization
c:\ ArcGIS WorkstationConsistent interfaceIncreasing capability
ArcMapArcCatalogArcToolbox
ArcMapArcCatalogArcToolbox
ArcMapArcCatalogArcToolbox
Source: ESRI with mods.Handheld/Wireless
$
ArcServer Services
ArcGIS SystemArcGIS System
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ArcVIEW ComponentsArcVIEW Components
FITS Files
Modules & Drivers
Hardware
Main Application
GUI
Script Serverhttp://wwwcascina.virgo.infn.it/automation/MEETINGS/18_Jan_2005/ArcView_IPAC18Feb02.ppt