Download - Geo visualization_why maps
![Page 1: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Geovisualization
S.M.J.S.SamarasingheSuperintendent of Surveys
Institute of Surveying and MappingDiyatalawa- Sri Lanka
Email: [email protected]
Why Maps ?
![Page 2: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
![Page 3: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cartography Geographic data and maps Why maps? Maps and reality Landscape and cartographic model Present and explore Trends
Maps-introduction
![Page 4: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cartography
![Page 5: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cartography
![Page 6: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• How do cartographic method technique➡
• I cartographer / map maker ➡
• say symbols / semantics ➡
• what geographic data➡
• to whom audience / purpose➡
• and is it effective does it work?➡
Visualization process
![Page 7: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Geographic data and maps
![Page 8: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Geographic data
![Page 9: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Large amounts of geodata are collected. Some users process raw data, but many rely on data
products to extract useful geo-information. In data products, the raw data can be converted,
harmonized, classified, modeled and stored in a data base, analyzed, visualized….
The demand for geo-information is still increasing
Geographic data
![Page 10: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Data / geoinformation
Complex situation in?......
![Page 11: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How do producers disseminate geospatial data (i.e. how do they bring the data to the users)? in digital format by means of spoken / written language by means of numbers (e.g. in tables) by means of RS imagery by means of video by means of 3D / Virtual Reality imagery by means of maps or map displays
Dissemination and use of geo-data
![Page 12: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Advantages: - Good graphical quality / high resolution - High information density / level of detail - Large formats possible / overview - No need of equipment (e.g. pc or tablet)Disadvantages: - Static - Fixed scale - Physical boundaries to area portrayed - No adjustment to individual demands
Paper maps
![Page 13: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Advantages:- Adjustable to individual needs- Links to additional info (multi-media)- Panning and zooming- Seemless- Possibly dynamic (animations)
Disadvantages:- Low screen and colour resolution- Output conditions vary- Limited display size / overview- Equipment required / portability
On screen maps
![Page 14: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Access- internet access - accessibility for everyone?
Medium- problems related to computer- no control over final appearance- speed of data transfer
Content- finding web maps and geodata- language
Web maps
![Page 15: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
321 definitions of a map?
![Page 16: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Why Maps ?
![Page 17: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
How to get knowlegde about our environment? walk around secondary sources (maps / movies, stories etc)
Need for abstraction/ models > maps
Why maps?
![Page 18: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Why maps?
![Page 19: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Maps are abstractions or models of reality, in which geographic space is represented by map space.
The spatial layout of maps enable users to see: - patterns - relationships - trends
Why maps?
![Page 20: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Make invisible things visible
Why maps?
![Page 21: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Snow’s map: cholera & water pumps
![Page 22: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Understanding maps
![Page 23: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Elementary- referring to a single location / object
• Intermediate- referring to a region or group of similar objects
• Overall- referring to (overview of) all aspects in the area
Maps address geographical questions ofdifferent levels of complexity
![Page 24: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Elementary questions
![Page 25: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Intermediate questions
![Page 26: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Overall questions
![Page 27: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 28: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 29: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 30: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 31: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 32: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 33: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 34: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 35: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 36: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 37: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Bad Maps
![Page 38: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Maps and reality
![Page 39: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Reality: different views: different maps
![Page 40: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
What to map?
![Page 41: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
What to map?
![Page 42: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Fitness for use?
![Page 43: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
What is allowed?
![Page 44: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
What is allowed?
![Page 45: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
What is allowed?
![Page 46: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Map art
![Page 47: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Underground Railway system
![Page 48: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Understanding how it is mapped
![Page 49: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Mapping which reality?
![Page 50: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Digital landscape model - Digital cartographic model
![Page 51: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
• Digital Landscape Model (DLM):- contains a selection from the real world- stores geometry (points, lines, areas, volumes, raster)- stores attributes (linked to geometry)- stores time (linked to geometry)
• • Digital Cartographic Model (DCM)- one or more visualization(s) of the DLM- visualizations are tuned to: the use goals, users, - use environments, representation scales, etc..- also stores graphic attributes (line type, colour, etc)
DLM to DCM: from reality to maps
![Page 52: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
DLM - DCM at work
![Page 53: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
A little history of cartography
![Page 54: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Present and explore
![Page 55: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Cartography
![Page 56: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Start:facts to be presented are fixed.Process:choice of appropriate visualization technique.Result:the single best map.Emphasize:on map design.
Maps to present
![Page 57: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Start:data without hypothesis about the data.Process:interactive, undirected search for structures and trends.Result:visualization that provides hypothesis, different alternative views.Emphasize:enabling ‘discoveries’.
Maps to explore
![Page 58: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Multiple coordinated views
oaúúp,h
![Page 59: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Trends
![Page 60: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Change
![Page 61: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
We no longer look at the map to see where we are........But, we tell the map where we are, and the map shapes itself around us.
Problem? a world of change
![Page 62: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Trends
![Page 63: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Neogeography combines the complex techniques of cartography and GIS and places them within reach of users and developers.
Neogeography ?
Neogeography
Neogeography (literally "new geography") is the use of geographical techniques and tools for personal and community activities or by a non-expert group of users. Application domains of neogeography are typically not formal or analytical.
![Page 64: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Neogeography ?
.
![Page 65: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
El nino
.
![Page 66: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Geovisual analytics environment:coordinated multiple views
.
![Page 67: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Geovisual analytics tools
.
![Page 68: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Sensor Web: Real time water levels
.
![Page 69: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
... is about people using and creating their own maps, on their own terms and by combining elements of an existing toolset.
VGI• Citizen science• UGGC
Neogeography / community mapping
.
![Page 70: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Mash-up: scale / background / symbology?
.
![Page 71: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
A mashup, in web development, is a web page, or web application, that uses content from more than one source to create a single new service displayed in a single graphical interface.The main characteristics of a mashup are combination, visualization, and aggregation. It is important to make existing data more useful, for personal and professional use. To be able to permanently access the data of other services, mashups are generally client applications or hosted online.
Mash-up?
![Page 72: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Does it works
![Page 73: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Growing interest and importance.
Broadening of scope: from map use research to user research in geoinformation processing and dissemination.
Not just usability evaluation but user-centred design(UCD).
Use, user and usability research
![Page 74: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
In case of hard copy maps: as wall map, on the desk top, in the field, ….
in case of on screen maps: on the desk top, on handheld mobile devices stand-alone or network application (e.g. Internet) hard- and software available, interfaces use at one place or distributed collaboration …
Use contexts: e.g. map use environments
![Page 75: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
World Wide Web Web maps, WMS, distributed GIS, GDI’s
Mobile & wireless devices Smartphones, PDA’s, Pocket PC’s with location
aware applications (LBS). small screens low resolution few colours small data files
New User environments
.
![Page 76: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Qualitative Quantitative Interviews Focus groups Thinking aloud Questionnaires Performance analysis fMRI scanning Eye movement registration …..
Research methods and techniques
.
![Page 77: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Think aloud method
.
![Page 78: Geo visualization_why maps](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062412/5881e87b1a28ab36088b68f9/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Thank You