Download - Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another
![Page 1: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Genetics
![Page 2: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
New Learning Goal:
To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another.
![Page 3: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fun Facts….
1. Monkeys and Humans have 98.8%of the same DNA.
2. Humans have 50% of the same DNA as bananas.
3. You get 99.9% of your DNA from your parents.
![Page 4: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Let’s let my buddy, Bill Nye introduce us to Genetics…. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZIQTMHmWm
g
![Page 5: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
copyright cmassengale
5
Gregor Gregor MendelMendel(1822-1884)(1822-1884)The Father The Father of Geneticsof Genetics
![Page 6: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gregor Johann MendelGregor Johann Mendel
Austrian monkAustrian monkStudied the Studied the inheritanceinheritance of of traits in traits in pea plantspea plantsDeveloped the Developed the laws of inheritancelaws of inheritanceMendel's work was Mendel's work was not recognized not recognized until the turn of until the turn of thethe 20th century 20th century
6
![Page 7: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Gregor Johann MendelGregor Johann Mendel
Between 1856 Between 1856 and 1863, Mendel and 1863, Mendel cultivated and cultivated and tested thousands tested thousands of pea plantsof pea plants
He found that He found that the plants' the plants' offspring retained offspring retained traits of the traits of the parentsparents
copyright cmassengale 7
![Page 8: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
copyright cmassengale
8
Mendel stated that Mendel stated that physical traits are physical traits are inherited as inherited as “particles”“particles”Mendel did not Mendel did not know that the know that the “particles” were “particles” were actually actually Chromosomes & Chromosomes & DNADNA
Particulate InheritanceParticulate Inheritance
![Page 9: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
I. What is genetics?
i. Genetics
The study of _______ (how traits are passed from parents to offspring)
![Page 10: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
I. What is genetics?
i. Genetics
The study of heredity (how traits are passed from parents to offspring)
![Page 11: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ii. Heredity
How an organism passes ____ from one generation to the next.
![Page 12: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ii. Heredity
How an organism passes traits from one generation to the next.
![Page 13: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
iii. Trait
A __________ or quality of an organism
![Page 14: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
iii. Trait
A characteristic or quality of an organism
![Page 15: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
v. Variability
The differences between ________ in a given population
![Page 16: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
v. Variability
The differences between organisms in a given population
![Page 17: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
vi. Adaptation
A structure or behavior that allows an organism to survive in its environment.
sidewinder article
![Page 18: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Exit Ticket
1. Who is the father of Genetics?
2. What is heredity?
3. What is a trait?
4. Describe adaptation that we saw with the snakes.
![Page 19: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1
![Page 20: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
New Learning Goal:
To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another.
![Page 21: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
BrainPop Time….
http://www.brainpop.com/health/geneticsgrowthanddevelopment/dna/
![Page 22: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
This chemical substance is present in the nucleusof all cells in all living organisms
The kind of cell which is formed, (muscle, blood,nerve etc.) is controlled by DNA
The kind of organism which is produced (giraffe, herring, human, etc.) is controlled by DNA
DNA 2
![Page 23: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ribose is a sugar, like glucose, but with only fiveOxygen atoms in its molecule
Deoxyribose is almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom
Both molecules may be represented by the symbol
Ribose & deoxyribose
4
![Page 24: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The most common organic bases are
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine(G)
The bases 5
![Page 25: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The deoxyribose, the phosphate,
and one of the bases
adenine
deoxyribose
PO4
Combine to form a nucleotide
Nucleotides 6
![Page 26: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
A molecule of DNA is formed by millions of nucleotides joined together in a long chain
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
Joined nucleotides 7
![Page 27: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
In fact, the DNA usually consists of a double strand of nucleotides
The sugar-phosphate chains are on the outsideand the strands are held together by chemical bonds between the bases
8
![Page 28: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
2-stranded DNA 9
![Page 29: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The bases always pair up in the same way
Adenine forms a bond with Thymine
and Cytosine bonds with Guanine
Bonding 10
Adenine Thymine
Cytosine Guanine
![Page 30: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
PO4
PO4
PO4
thymine
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
adenine
cytosine
PO4
guanine
Bonding continued 11
![Page 31: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
Pairing up 12
![Page 32: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The paired strands are coiled into a spiral called
A DOUBLE HELIX
13
![Page 33: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
sugar-phosphatechain
bases
THE DOUBLE HELIX
14
![Page 34: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A model ofpart of a DNA molecule
15
![Page 35: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Build a DNA molecule – you try it!
![Page 36: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Your Exit Tickets will be Passed Out Now
![Page 37: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
CHROMOSOMES
![Page 38: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
New Learning Goal:
To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another.
![Page 39: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Numbers of chromosomesConstant for each cell in the
body.Constant throughout the life
of an individual (you don’t lose or gain chromosomes)
Constant for all members of a species
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
![Page 40: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Organism Chromosome numbers
Human 46
Chimpanzee 48
House Mouse 40
Maize 20
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
![Page 41: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Human chromosomes
![Page 42: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Identifying chromosomes
Chromosomes can be identified by:
Their size Their shape and flexiblity Banding patterns
Chromosomes are analyzed by organising them into a KARYOTYPE
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
![Page 43: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Female Male
![Page 44: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
YXX X
Possible children
FatherMother
XX XY
Chance of a girl 50% Chance of a boy 50%
X Y
X XX XY
X XX XY
The inheritance of gender
![Page 45: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Exit Ticket:
On the back of your notes, create a Punnett Square for Blue Eyes and Brown Eyes.
![Page 46: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Dominant and Recessive Traits
![Page 47: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
New Learning Goal:
To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another.
![Page 48: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Before we begin, let’s take a look at a quick video….
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mehz7tCxjSE
![Page 49: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
What are traits?
Physical Traits Can be seen by others Eye color, hair color, height, left handed
Acquired Traits Learned skills Playing a sport, riding a bike, playing a
musical instrument Behavioral Traits
Instinctual actions Nest building and migration
![Page 50: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Terms Used in Modern Genetics
Genotype The particular alleles (genes) an individual
carries They are inherited from your biological parents Genes control your traits
Phenotype An individual’s observable traits
What people can SEE when they look at you
![Page 51: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Terms Used in Modern Genetics
An individual with non-identical alleles of a gene is heterozygous for that gene Examples: Bb, Tt, Aa
An individual with identical alleles of a gene is homozygous for that gene Examples: BB or bb, TT or tt
Two or more alternative forms of a gene.
![Page 52: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Terms Used in Modern Genetics
An allele is dominant if its effect masks the effect of a recessive allele paired with it Capital letters (A) signify dominant
alleles; lowercase letters (a) signify recessive alleles
Homozygous dominant (AA) Homozygous recessive (aa) Heterozygous (Aa)
![Page 53: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
What traits do you have?
We will go through the most common traits that people have
On your sheet, record if you have the mentioned trait or not
You may have to ask your neighbor for help
![Page 54: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Detached (EE, Ee) or attached (ee) Earlobes
![Page 55: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Can Tongue Roll (TT, Tt) or Can’t (tt)
![Page 56: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Dimples (DD, Dd) No Dimples (dd)
![Page 57: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Right (RR, Rr) or Left (rr) handed?
![Page 58: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Freckles (FF, Ff) No Freckles (ff)
![Page 59: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Curly (HH, Hh) or Straight (hh)
![Page 60: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Cleft Chin (CC, Cc) or No Cleft (cc)
![Page 61: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Allergies (AA, Aa) or No Allergies (aa)
![Page 62: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Normal (BB, Bb) Color Blindness (bb)
Can you see the number inside the circle?
If you cannot, you may be colorblind
![Page 63: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Widow’s Peak (WW, Ww) or Straight (ww)
![Page 64: Genetics. New Learning Goal: To describe how genetics are passed from one generation to another](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1e5503460f94c3560a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
DataPlease compare your results
(the chart) with 5 other students.
Does our data support which genes are dominant and which genes are recessive?