Download - General Coatings Brochure
Solutions for Coatings, Inks, Adhesives, Elastomers
and Sealants
NACURE® & K-CURE® Acid & Blocked Acid Catalysts
K-KAT®
Non-tin Catalysts for Urethanes
K-PURE® Catalysts for Epoxies
K-FLEX®
Polyols and Reactive Diluents
NACORR® Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors
K-SPERSE®
Dispersants
K-STAY® Rheology Modifiers
DEOLINK® & DEOGRIP® Specialty Silanes & Additives
DISPARLON®
Thixotropes & Surface Control Additives
King Industries Coatings Additives Division Technology Overview Since 1932, King Industries has been supplying specialty chemical products to a variety of industries that are performance driven with ever changing requirements. This is especially true for the coatings, inks, adhesives and sealant markets, the audience for this product guide. While the brochure covers our standard products, this overview has been designed to give you a summary of our areas of technical expertise and to urge you to contact us if you feel we may be of assistance for your specific product needs. CROSSLINKING CATALYSTS With over four decades of experience in catalysis, King offers the industry’s broadest spectrum of catalysts including: Acid and blocked acid (latent) catalysts for amino thermoset systems Non-tin, mercury-free catalysts for urethanes Latent and super acid catalysts for the cationic cure of epoxies Hydrophobic catalysts for the moisture cure of siloxane functional polymers POLYOLS & REACTIVE DILUENTS Unique polyester polyols based upon low molecular weight, linear, saturated aliphatic structures
with pendent hydroxyl groups Novel, low molecular weight diols with an all urethane backbone Acetoacetate functional reactive diluents CORROSION INHIBITION King offers ferrous and non-ferrous protection for a wide variety of metals and systems based on several unique platforms: Sulfonate based rust and corrosion inhibitors Modified trialzole compounds and amino acid derivatives DISPERSANT TECHNOLOGY Whether organic or inorganic pigments/fillers, King offers a variety of dispersant technologies including: Solvent free polymeric wetting and dispersing agents for solventless and epoxy systems Sulfonate based dispersants for non-aqueous, solvent-free and powder systems Organic wetting/dispersing agents for highly viscous systems such as ceramics, metal pastes
and sand-filled epoxies. RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS Unique sulfonate based modifiers for non-aqueous systems Polyamide based thixotropes for aqueous and non-aqueous Hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane thickeners for waterborne systems SURFACE CONTROL ADDITIVES & SILANES In addition to King’s internally developed products, the Disparlon® product line represents over 30 years of a technology alliance with Kusumoto Chemical Ltd. of Japan. The Disparlon line offers a broad range of leveling, defoaming, anti-popping and anti-cratering additives for aqueous, solvent, solventless, UV and powder systems. Similarly, King represents D.O.G Deutsche Oelfabrik of Hamburg, Germany in North America for the technical sales of their products for coatings including DEOLINK® silanes and DEOGRIP® soft feel/matting/anti-slip additives.
© All materials copyrighted 2012, King Industries, Inc., Norwalk, CT, USA
Solutions Through Chemistry
Since 1932
KING FACILITIES USA World Headquarters King Industries, Inc. Science Road Norwalk, CT 06852 Phone: 203-866-5551 Fax: 203-866-1268 E-mail: [email protected] EUROPE Technical Sales Office King Industries International, Inc. Noordkade 64 2741 EZ Waddinxveen The Netherlands Phone: +31 182-631360 Fax: +31 182-621002 E-mail: [email protected] ASIA/PACIFIC Technical Service Lab Dr. Zhiqiang He Synlico Tech (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd. 106 Chuangye Building, Kang Le Ave. Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, China Phone: +760-88229866 Fax: +760-88229896 E-mail: [email protected]
NACURE® & K-CURE® Acid & Blocked Acid Catalysts
3
K-KAT® Non-tin Catalysts for Urethanes
14
K-FLEX® Polyols & Reactive Diluents
19
K-PURE® CATALYSTS Cationic Cure of Epoxies
27
NACORR® Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors
29
K-SPERSE® Wetting & Dispersing Additives
33
K-STAY® Rheology Modifiers
36
DEOLINK® & DEOGRIP® Specialty Silanes & Additives
39
DISPARLON® Thixotropes & Surface Control Additives
40
SB WB P UV
SB WB P
SB WB UV
SB WB
SB P UV
SB WB
SB WB P UV
SB WB P UV
PRODUCTS PAGE SYSTEMS
King Industries, Inc is proud to be: ISO 9001, 14001 and 18001 Certified
Visit us at: www.kingindustries.com
SB WB P
SB Solventborne
WB Waterborne
P Powder
UV UV
NA
CU
RE
® &
K-C
UR
E® A
CID
& B
LOC
KE
D A
CID
CA
TALY
ST
S
NACURE® & K-CURE® Acid & Blocked Acid Catalysts
Catalyst By Acid Type
Acid Type
Acid Catalysts
Blocked Catalysts
NACURE 155
NACURE 3327 NACURE 3525
NACURE X49-110
NACURE 1051 NACURE 1323 NACURE 1419 NACURE 1492 NACURE 1557 NACURE 1953
NACURE 5076 NACURE 5225 NACURE 5414 NACURE 5528 NACURE 5925
K-CURE 1040 K-CURE 1040W
NACURE 4000 NACURE 4054
NACURE XC-235
NACURE 4167 NACURE 4575
NACURE 2107 NACURE 2500 NACURE 2501 NACURE 2522 NACURE 2530 NACURE 2547
K-CURE 129B NACURE 8924 NACURE XC-194K
SO3H
C9H19HO3S
H19C9
DNNDSA Dinonylnaphthalene Disulfonic Acid
DNNSA Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonic Acid
C9H19
SO3H
H19C9
DDBSA Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid
SO3H
C12H25
p-TSA p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid
CH3
SO3H
Phosphates AAP/PAP Alkyl Acid Phosphates Phenyl Acid Phosphates
Today’s need for high solids and waterborne coatings requires greater use of high reactivity, low viscosity resins and crosslinkers. Conversion of these systems into tough, chemically resistant, high performance coat-
ings at reduced cure temperatures can be accomplished with the use of a catalyst. Acrylics, alkyds, epoxies and polyesters with reactive functional groups, such as hydroxyl carbamate, siloxane or amide can be reacted with melamine, urea and ben-zoguanamine crosslinkers. The proper use of catalysts can facilitate the crosslinking reaction resulting in the following benefits: Shorter cure schedules
Lower cure temperatures for thermoset high solids and waterborne coatings
Energy savings
Improved hardness, gloss, humidity and corrosion resistance
Improved mechanical properties King Industries continues to develop catalysts to meet the ever expanding needs of a rapidly changing market. Free Acid Or Latent Catalyst? While acid catalysts provide the fastest cure and lower curing temperatures, blocked or latent catalysts are typically chosen for systems requiring greater package stability. In addition, troublesome catalyst-pigment interaction can be reduced or eliminated with the use of blocked catalysts. As can be seen in the table which follows, King’s catalyst line is based upon a variety of acids. The middle column denotes the free acid versions while the far right column shows amine blocked or covalently bonded derivatives for applications requiring extended package stability.
E Energy Required Without Catalyst
ECAT Energy Required With Catalyst
Why Use Catalysts?
Other & Mixed Acids
NA
CU
RE
® & K
-CU
RE
® AC
ID &
BLO
CK
ED
AC
ID C
ATA
LYS
TS
The chemical structure of the catalyst, as well as the quantity used, can have a profound impact on film proper-ties such as adhesion, corrosion resistance, flexibility and impact resistance. These observations are apparent not only among varying acid types but also among different products within the same chemical family. The type of crosslinker used will also affect the choice of catalyst. High solids and waterborne coatings are typi-cally formulated with monomeric crosslinkers such as hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM) or mixed ether melamine; reaction of these crosslinkers with hydroxy or carbamate functional groups is best achieved with strong acid catalysts like DNNDSA or p-TSA. More reactive crosslinkers, which are more polymeric but contain high levels of -NH groups, respond better to a weaker acid such as acid phosphates or low dosages of amine blocked sulfonic acids. The table to the right, matches the type of crosslinking agent and the acid catalyst most suitable for each class.
Product Offerings
Crosslinking Agent General Acid Category
Acid Types
Fully alkylated monomeric M/F resins: Fully methylated Fully butylated Mixed ethers Urea formaldehyde resins Benzoguanamine resins Glycoluril resins
Strong Acids pKa<1
P-TSA
DNNDSA DDBSA DNNSA
Highly alkylated, high imino M/F resins Partially alkylated polymeric M/F resins
Weak Acids pKa 1-3
Phosphates Metal Salts Carboxylic
Acid
RELATIVE ACID STRENGTH: p-TSA>DNNDSA>DDBSA>DNNSA>Phosphates>Carboxylates
King offers a broad selection of catalysts to satisfy almost every possible curing parameter. Relative cure profiles for NACURE Blocked Catalysts are shown below.
Pages 3 & 4
Relative Cure Profiles for NACURE Blocked Catalystsfor Amino Crosslinked Systems
N-8924N-2530
N-2500
N-2558
N-2107
N-3327
X49-110
N-5225N-3525
N-5925
N-4575
N-5414
N-4167
N-1323 N-1953
N-1419
N-2547
N-5528
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175
Cure Temperature, oC
Cu
re T
ime
, M
inu
tes
Coil conditions up to 220C
N-1323, N-1953, N-1419, N-1557
Cure Profiles - Blocked Catalysts
NA
CU
RE
® &
K-C
UR
E® A
CID
& B
LOC
KE
D A
CID
CA
TALY
ST
S
Metal Substrates
Solventborne Waterborne Can
NACURE 3525
Adhesion & Stability
Solventborne
NACURE X49-110 Package Stability
NACURE 2107
Textured Finish
Waterborne Solventborne Waterborne Waterborne Solventborne
General Industrial Coil, Appliance
Topcoats Primers
NACURE 3525
Solubility
NACURE 1051
Corrosion Resistance
NACURE 3525 &
X49-110 Package Stability
NACURE 5925*
Package Stability
NACURE 155
Moisture Resistance
NACURE 2500
Best Overall
NACURE 155
Moisture Resistance
NACURE 1323 High
Temperatures
NACURE 1419
Best Overall
NACURE 155
Best Overall
NACURE 5076*
Best Overall
NACURE 2500
Best Overall
NACURE 2500
Best Overall
NACURE 2547
Best Overall
NACURE 2558 Blister
Resistance
NACURE 3525
Adhesion
NACURE 3525
Adhesion
NACURE X49-110 &
3525 Adhesion
NACURE 2500
Rapid Cure
* Complaint FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & Xiii (a&b)
NACURE 1051
Best Overall
NACURE X49-110 Package Stability
NACURE 1323 & 1953
High Bake Systems
NACURE 1419
Corrosion Resistance
Catalyst Selection Chart by Application
PRODUCT SELECTION: The application charts that follow can be used to arrive at good starting point product recom-mendations based upon King’ s decades of experience in catalysis. However, we strongly recommend given the complexity of the selection process and the subtle nuances of each individual product that you take advantage of our Technical Service Department who will be more than happy to assist you. They can be quickly reached either by email: [email protected] or phone: (203) 866-5551 for assistance.
DNNDSA (7) DNNSA (8) DDBSA & OTHER (9) p-TSA (10) KEY TO CATALYST TYPE - (PAGE #)
Catalyst Selection Chart by Application
Automotive
Topcoats: Basecoats & Clearcoats Primers Plastics
NACURE 5528 & 5225
Best Overall
Solventborne
NACURE 2500
Best Overall
NACURE 2547
Stability
Solventborne
NACURE 155
Best Overall
Waterborne
NACURE 3525
Solubility & Adhesion
NACURE 3525 &
X49-110 Solubility & Adhesion
NACURE 2500
Rapid Cure
NACURE 3525
Intercoat Adhesion
Waterborne
NACURE 5225
UV Durability
Solventborne Waterborne
NACURE 2500
Rapid Cure
NACURE 155
Best Overall
NA
CU
RE
® & K
-CU
RE
® AC
ID &
BLO
CK
ED
AC
ID C
ATA
LYS
TS
Wood & Paper Substrates
Solventborne Waterborne
K-CURE 1040W
Rapid Cure
Waterborne Solventborne
Solventborne Waterborne Adhesives, Sealants
NACURE 155
Moisture Resistance
Inks
K-CURE 129B
Rapid Cure
NACURE 2530
Package Stability
NACURE 155
Moisture Resistance
K-CURE 129B
Rapid Cure
NACURE 8924
Package Stability
NACURE 3525
Adhesion
NACURE 3525
Adhesion
K-CURE 1040W
Rapid Cure
K-CURE 1040
Best Overall
K-CURE 1040W
Best Overall
K-CURE 1040
Rapid Cure
NACURE 155
Best Overall
NACURE 155
Best Overall
NACURE 155
Best Overall
K-CURE 1040
Rapid Cure
NACURE 155
Best Overall
NACURE 155
Best Overall
NACURE 1051
Moisture Resistance
Pages 5 & 6
NACURE X49-110
Best Overall
Adhesives, Sealants & Inks
NA
CU
RE
® &
K-C
UR
E® A
CID
& B
LOC
KE
D A
CID
CA
TALY
ST
S
DNNDSA Blocked Catalysts
NACURE 3327
DNNDSA Isobutanol
Isopropanol
25
6.5 - 7.5
7.40
N/A
107C
Better solubility than other amine blocked DSA catalysts.
NACURE 3525
DNNDSA Isobutanol
Isopropanol 25 7.0 - 8.5 7.65 10 max 120C
Better solubility than X49-110, slower curing. Good salt spray resistance and adhesion.
NACURE X49-110
DNNDSA Isobutanol
Isopropanol 25
6.5 - 7.5
7.55
10 max
90C
Best overall properties. Excellent water and corrosion resistance, and adhesion.
DNNDSA Acid Catalysts
PRODUCT Acid Type Volatile
% Active
Acid # or pH
lbs./gal. Gardner Color
Minimum Cure*
Attributes/Uses
NACURE 155
DNNDSA Isobutanol
55
112-116
8.16
12 max.
RT
General purpose catalyst. Excel-lent water, detergent and salt spray resistance.
DNNDSA Catalysts
Advantages of Dinonylnaphthalene Disulfonic Acid (DNNDSA) catalysts include: Excellent adhesion properties Superior corrosion & moisture resistance Detergent resistance Excellent for solventborne and waterborne
coatings ADHESION TESTS A polyester/HMMM general industrial enamel catalyzed with blocked DNNDSA catalyst NACURE X49-110 demonstrates (in the chart below) its superior crosshatch adhesion performance compared to a blocked p-TSA catalyst at a 150°C cure schedule. Enamels were applied to iron phosphated and untreated aluminum panels. Property DNNDSA
N X49-110 P-TSA
(25%, Amine)
Cure Schedule: 15 minutes @ 150°C
Pencil Hardness H-2H 2-3H
Adhesion to Phosphated CRS
96% 24%
Property DNNDSA NACURE 3525
DDBSA (Blocked Cat.)
Pencil Hardness H-2H H-2H
Pendulum Hardness 116 116
Adhesion to Untreated Aluminum
90% 20%
Cure Schedule: 15 minutes @ 150°C
The adhesion advantages of DNNDSA are also evident when compared to DDBSA. A significant improvement was observed when crosshatch adhesion tests were conducted on untreated aluminum panels
* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio), ** PMT - Peak Metal Temperature
NA
CU
RE
® & K
-CU
RE
® AC
ID &
BLO
CK
ED
AC
ID C
ATA
LYS
TS
DNNSA Catalysts
Catalysts based on Dinonylnaphthalene (Mono) Sulfonic Acid (DNNSA) offer the following advantages: Hydrophobic catalyst Excellent corrosion resistance Overbake resistance Excellent resistance to telegraphing Excellent substrate wetting properties Help reduce conductivity in coating Excellent for primers and coil coating
applications
NACURE 1051*
DNNSA 2-Butoxyethanol
50
60-64
8.16
N/A
125C
Best water and corrosion resistance. Recommended for high temperature applications on metal.
DNNSA Acid Catalyst
PRODUCT Acid Type Volatile
% Active
Acid # or pH
lbs./gal. Gardner Color
Minimum* Cure
Attributes/Uses
NACURE 1323
DNNSA Xylene
21
6.8 - 7.5
7.43
N/A
150C
High temperature applications. Excellent solubility in aromatic and aliphatic solvents.
NACURE 1419
DNNSA Xylene/MIBK
30
N/A
7.74
N/A
150C
Electrostatic spray. High bake applications for water, detergent and salt spray resistance.
NACURE 1557
DNNSA Butanol
2-Butoxyethanol
25
6.5 - 7.5
7.56
N/A
150C
Resolves solvent popping in thick films. Excellent humidity and detergent resistance.
NACURE 1953
DNNSA Butanol
2-Butoxyethanol
25
6.5 - 6.9
7.48
N/A
150C
High bake amino crosslinked systems such as coil coatings and metal decorating.
DNNSA Blocked Catalysts
0.32% p-TSA 0.9% DNNSA
* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio) Pages 7 & 8
* NACURE 1051 is an excellent catalyst for anodic acrylic electrocoating.
In the photographs above, resistance to telegraphing of surface imperfections over oily substrates is demonstrated. A skin cream containing oil was applied to the hand and imprinted onto the steel test panel prior to coating with a high solids acrylic enamel. DNNSA catalysis improves wetting and reduces telegraphing of metal surface variations.
Both DNNSA and DNNDSA Catalysts offer superior corrosion resistance over other acid types such as p-TSA as shown to the right. Photos of 300 hours salt spray.
Blocked p-TSA Blocked DNNSA
Resistance to Telegraphing
NA
CU
RE
® &
K-C
UR
E® A
CID
& B
LOC
KE
D A
CID
CA
TALY
ST
S
DDBSA Catalysts & Other Blocked Acid Catalysts
DDBSA Acid Catalyst
PRODUCT Acid Type Volatile
% Active
Acid # or pH
lbs./gal. Gardner Color
Minimum Cure*
Attributes/Uses
NACURE 5076
DDBSA Isopropanol
70
130-140
8.27
4
RT
Complies with FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a&b) and EC Directive 10/2011.
NACURE 5225
DDBSA Isopropanol
25
6.0 - 7.0
7.40
2
120C
Best solubility in high solids enamels. Good solubility in aliphatic solvents.
NACURE 5414
DDBSA Xylene
25
N/A
8.30
4
130C
Excellent electrostatic spray (non-aqueous). Good intercoat adhesion. Blister resistant.
NACURE 5528
DDBSA Isopropanol
25
7.0 - 8.0
7.50
2
120C
Broad solubility. Excellent color stability.
NACURE 5925
DDBSA Isopropanol
25
7.0 - 7.5
7.50
2
120C
Complies with FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a&b)
DDBSA Blocked Acid Catalysts
* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio), **PMT - Peak Metal Temperature
Some of the key benefits of using Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (DDBSA) catalysts include: Broad solubility High gloss UV resistance Excellent compatibility in high solids and water-
borne coatings Excellent for automotive basecoats
and topcoats Additionally, select DDBSA catalysts comply with FDA 21 CFR, Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a&b) and EC Directive 10/2011 as shown below. NACURE XC-194K and NACURE 8924 are newer blocked acid catalysts designed for specific performance criteria. NACURE XC-194K is for primers containing anti-corrosive pigments and NACURE 8924 is for fast cure and stability in waterborne formulations.
Other Blocked Acid Catalysts
NACURE XC-194K
OTHER Hydrocarbons Ester Solvents
20
12-15
6.70
10 max
140C PMT**
Amino crosslinked primers contain-ing basic or ion exchange type anticorrosive pigments
NACURE 8924
OTHER Water
25
8.5
9.1
1
RT
Balance of rapid cure/stability in waterborne formulations.
CORROSION RESISTANCE NACURE XC-194K
Coil Primer 500 Hours Salt Fog Exposure Cure Schedule: 25 mins. @ 325°C PMT @ 235°C
Control: Loss of coating in scribe area and #6-7 medium blisters on 70-80% of the surface.
NACURE XC-194K: No loss of coating in scribe area after 500 hours salt spray.
NA
CU
RE
® & K
-CU
RE
® AC
ID &
BLO
CK
ED
AC
ID C
ATA
LYS
TS
p-TSA/Mixed Acid Catalysts
Catalysts based on para-Toluene Sulfonic Acid (p-TSA) or alkane sulfonic acid blends offer the following benefits: Fastest cure response Low temperature cure Excellent UV resistance Excellent gloss For solventborne and waterborne
coatings
p-TSA and Mixed Acid Catalysts
PRODUCT Acid Type Volatile
% Active
Acid # or pH
lbs./gal. Gardner Color
Minimum Cure*
Attributes/Uses
K-CURE 1040
p-TSA Isopropanol
40
130-140
8.25
1
RT
Highest gloss. Fast cure. Excel-lent weathering and exterior durability.
K-CURE 1040W
p-TSA Water
40
130-140
9.40
2
RT
As above, non-flammable for waterborne applications.
K-CURE 129B
Mixed Acids Methanol/n-Butanol
50
200-210
8.90
1
RT
Fastest cure. Wood and paper coatings.
p-TSA and Mixed Acid - Blocked Catalysts
NACURE 2107
p-TSA Isopropanol
25
8.0 - 9.0
7.57
1
90C
Good metal mark resistance. Fast cure.
NACURE 2500
p-TSA Isopropanol
26
6.0 - 7.0
8.15
1
80C
Low temperature cure. Excellent stability.
NACURE 2501
TSA Methanol
Isopropanol
25
6.0 - 7.2
8.01
1
80C
Slightly higher resistivity than 2500. Better ketone solubility.
NACURE 2530
p-TSA Methanol
Isopropanol
25
5.7 - 6.5
7.90
1
80C
Low temperature cure. Low tendency to yellow or wrinkle.
NACURE 2547
p-TSA Water 25 8.6 9.18 1 90°C
Easy incorporation into aqueous systems
NACURE 2558
P-TSA Ethylene Glycol 25 4.0 9.60 1 90°C
Effective in controlling wrinkling, popping & blistering in HS sys-tems
The graph to the left demonstrates the low tem-perature cure capabilities of a blocked p-TSA catalyst as measured by pendulum hardness. The coating is a high solids polyester/HMMM clearcoat formulation that was baked at three different temperatures for 15 minutes. Superior hardness develops at 200-225° F bakes when the p-TSA catalyst is used.
* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
DDBSA p-TSA
Pen
du
lum
, cy
cles
200°F 225°F 250°F
Pages 9 & 10
NA
CU
RE
® &
K-C
UR
E® A
CID
& B
LOC
KE
D A
CID
CA
TALY
ST
S
Phosphate Catalysts
Weak acid catalysts based on phosphate chemistries are recommended for: Partially alkylated, high imino and polymeric
melamine crosslinkers Hybrids and carboxy-epoxy coatings Siloxane crosslinking They offer: Excellent gloss and chemical resistance Excellent adhesion properties The graph to the right compares the adhesion advantage that NACURE 4000 shows in comparison to two commercial phosphate catalysts when used to catalyze an acrylic/polymeric melamine clearcoat.
Phosphate Acid Catalyst
PRODUCT Acid Type Volatile
% Active
Acid # or pH
lbs./gal. Gardner Color
Minimum Cure*
Attributes/Uses
NACURE 4000
Alkyl Acid Phosphate
100 650 11.8 1 80°C Broad solubility and excellent adhesion, Good package stability.
NACURE 4054 Alkyl Acid
Phosphate 50 155-165 7.59 1 110°C
Excellent adhesion. Siloxane Crosslinking.
NACURE XC-235 Acid
Phosphate 75 300 9.25 1 110°C
Recommended with high imino and partially alkylated melamine type crosslinkers
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Phos. A Phos.B N-4000
% A
dh
esio
n
Phosphate Blocked Catalysts
NACURE 4167
Acid Phosphate Isopropanol Isobutanol
25
6.8 - 7.5
7.16
2
80C
Blocked phosphate for high NH/polymeric melamines. Si-loxane crosslinking.
NACURE 4167W
Acid Phosphate Water
Isopropanol
25
6.5 - 7.5
8.20
2
90C
Aqueous systems using high NH/polymeric melamines.
NACURE 4575
Acid Phosphate Methanol Butanol
25
7.0 - 8.0
8.30
2
100C
High gloss. Superb storage stability with polymeric amino resins.
* Cure Schedule: 30 minutes - Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)
% Adhesion to Aluminum & Steel
Aluminum Steel
NA
CU
RE
® & K
-CU
RE
® AC
ID &
BLO
CK
ED
AC
ID C
ATA
LYS
TS
Formulating Information - Use Levels
In general, the time and temperature conditions of cure will determine the correct catalyst for the application. Strong acids with typical pKa strengths of approximately 0.5-0.7 should give equivalent rates of cure at equal molar concentra-tions of the acid group. Blocked catalysts will demand higher temperatures for full activation, and the pKa of the blocking agent attached to the acid will also influence the rate of reactivity. The two charts which follow provide general information on typical catalyst use levels by acid type based on a 30 minute cure schedule for a typical binder resin/HMMM ratio of 75/25. The percentage of catalyst shown is as supplied based on total resin solids. A ladder study of catalyst levels should be conducted to optimize the formulation. Do not over catalyze. Using too much catalyst can be a costly mistake and one that can cause film properties to suffer significantly.
Pages 11 & 12
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
N-1051 (DNNSA)
N-155 (DNNDSA) K-1040 (pTSA) N-5076 (DDBSA)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210
Blocked DNNSA
Blocked DNNDSA or DDBSA
Blocked pTSA
Cure Temperature, °C
Cure Temperature, °C
Cat
alys
t Use
Lev
el, %
by
Wei
ght
Cat
alys
t Use
Lev
el, %
by
Wei
ght
Acid Catalysts - Typical Use Levels
Blocked Catalysts - Typical Use Levels
NA
CU
RE
® &
K-C
UR
E® A
CID
& B
LOC
KE
D A
CID
CA
TALY
ST
S
Formulating Information - Incorporation
Methods of Incorporation As with any component in a coating, the level, method and order of addition may mean the difference between formula-tion success or failure. When incorporating acid and blocked acid catalysts the following factors should be considered:
Method of mixing Solvents present Pigments present
pH sensitivity of resins Temperature at time of addition Stability/pot life requirements
It is generally good practice in high solids coatings to pre-dilute a catalyst with butanol or isopropanol before adding it to the paint. Stirring during the addition can help avoid pigment shock and the generation of “hot spots” - although with amine neutralized or blocked catalysts, these problems are rare. In some cases, blocked catalysts can even be added to the pigment grind for uniform dispersion and improved solubility. The decomposition or reactivity temperature of the catalyst, though, should be safely above the grind temperature. King Industries’ products are typically supplied in a common solvent such as alcohol that will allow simple post-addition after milling of pigments and letdown with resins and solvents. Systems that are viscous, or those sensitive to pH differences induced by an acid component. Such systems often require further pre-dilution with alcohol. Blend the catalyst with an alcohol such as n-butanol or isoproponal at 1:1 ratio. Extremely sensitive systems may require the use of a blocked acid catalyst with a neutral or basic pH value. Mixed solvent systems with some products that are less soluble than others. In these cases, incorporate the catalyst in the more compatible resins and solvents before adding less soluble components. Waterborne systems that can suffer from rapid pH changes. Waterborne systems are generally formulated to a final pH range of 8-9. Use of a blocked catalyst in such systems will prevent the rapid pH changes that can upset the balance of resin solubility and cause a flocculated or gelled formulation. Formulations that include a pigment with high oil absorption characteristics. Hydrophilic catalysts such as p-TSA are not recommended in such cases. A more hydrophobic blocked catalyst such as DNNSA is recommended. The chart below shows the relative hydrophobicity of different catalyst types.
p-TSA > DDBSA > DNNDSA > DNNSA Hydrophilic Hydrophobic
K-KAT catalysts additionally offer a number of performance advantages, including: Selectivity in the presence of moisture,
less gassing Improved pot life/cure time relationship Mercury-like cure profile in elastomers Less toxic than tin and mercury catalysts Catalysis of secondary hydroxyl groups Cold temperature cure response
K-K
AT
® UR
ET
HA
NE
CA
TALY
ST
S
Tin alternative (Coatings)
K-KAT 6212 Add to NCO side
Selective
Waterborne Solventborne
2K Polyurethane
K-KAT Catalyst Selection Chart - Coatings
Waterborne
Prepolymer Synthesis
Solventborne
1K Blocked NCO
Pages 13 & 14
K-KAT XK-635 Efficient
K-KAT XK-635 Highly Efficient Non-yellowing
Solventless
K-KAT XK-635 Good Gloss
K-KAT XK-614 Good Hydrolytic
Stability
K-KAT 6212 Add to NCO side
Selective
K-KAT XK-639 DMP Blocked
NCO
K-KAT XK-639 Good Hydrolytic
Stability
K-KAT 5218 Long pot life with 2,4-PD
K-KAT XK-614 Add to polyol side Efficient/Selective
K-KAT 4205 Selective
Fast tack free time
K-KAT XC-B221 Efficient
Non-persistent
K-KAT XK-635 With MEKO
Blocked NCO
K-KAT XC-B221 Good Hydrolytic
Stability
K-KAT® Non-Tin, Mercury-Free Urethane Catalysts
K-KAT® catalysts are metal compounds that are designed to accelerate the reaction of polyols with isocyanates. These catalysts are more environmentally acceptable than catalysts that contain tin or mercury. K-KAT catalysts are used in a wide range of urethane applications including coatings, elastomers and in prepolymer synthesis.
K-KAT Catalysts for Coatings
K-KAT Metal Use Levels (% on resin solids)
Attributes
XC-B221 Bi carboxylate 0.03-2.0 Similar to DBTDL - effective in 2K and blocked isocyanate coatings. Specially designed for European formulations.
348 Bi carboxylate 0.03-1.0 Similar to DBTDL - effective in 2K and blocked isocyanate coatings.
5218 Al Chelate 1.0-2.0 Excellent 2K urethane pot life when used with 2,4-pentanedione. Add pentanedione to polyol component before K-KAT 5218 addition.
XK-614 Metal Complex 0.05-1.0 Most versatile. Effective in 2K waterborne and blocked isocyanate systems. Also effective in urethane elastomers. Add to polyol.
XK-635 Metal Complex 0.1-1.0 Very effective in solventborne and solventless 2K urethanes and 1K blocked isocyanate systems. Good with MEKO Blocked NCO.
4205 Zr chelate 1.0-2.0 Good pot life, recommended for 2K coatings. Selective catalysis (less gassing)
6212 Zr chelate 0.3-2.0 Selective coating/elastomer catalysis (less gassing). Good elastomer gel profile. Add to NCO
K-KAT Catalysts for Elastomers
XK-604 Mixed carboxylate 0.1-1.0 Very good gel profile in ambient cure 2K urethane elastomer systems
XK-617 Mixed carboxylate 0.1-1.0 Excellent gel profile in ambient cured 2K urethane elastomer systems Slightly less selective than XK-604
XK-618 Mixed carboxylate 0.1-1.0 Best gel profile in ambient cured 2K urethane elastomer systems Less selective than XK-617
XK-639 Metal Complex 0.5 - 1.5 Effective alternative to tin catalysts for DMP Blocked NCO.
K-K
AT
® U
RE
TH
AN
E C
ATA
LYS
TS
K-KAT XK-604 Best Selectivity (less gassing)
K-KAT Catalyst Selection Chart - Elastomers
K-KAT XK-617
K-KAT XK-604 Best Selectivity (less gassing)
K-KAT XK-618 Best Compatibility
K-KAT XK-617
Mercury Alternative (Elastomers)
Aromatic NCO (Cure Profile - Closest to Hg)
Aliphatic NCO (Cure Profile - Closest to Hg)
K-KAT Performance In Coatings
K-KAT bismuth carboxylates are recommended for two component urethane systems offering: Properties comparable to tin catalysts Excellent exterior durability Non-yellowing characteristics Excellent gloss retention Catalysis of secondary OH groups Bismuth carboxylate catalysts work best in dehydrated systems. Both provide a cure profile similar to DBTDL in 2K and blocked NCO systems without the environmental concerns.
Bismuth Carboxylates & Complexes K-KAT XC-B221 & K-KAT 348
Zirconium Chelates K-KAT 4205 and 6212
Aluminum Chelate K-KAT 5218
K-KAT 4205 and 6212 are zirconium chelates used in 2K urethane coatings. Advantages include: Fast cure, selective catalysis (less gassing) Effectiveness in extreme conditions such as
cold or humidity Excellent exterior durability Good pot life K-KAT 4205 is a zirconium catalyst that can be added to the polyol side. It is recommended for solventborne 2K coatings. K-KAT 6212 must be added to the isocyanate compo-nent. It is recommended for 2K waterborne systems, 2K high solids coatings and RIM applications where plural component and in-line mixing systems are used.
K-KAT 5218 can be used in both baked and ambient cured 2K urethane systems offering: Optimum synergy with pot life extenders such
as 2,4 - Pentanedione Excellent exterior durability
Metal Complexes K-KAT XK-614, K-KAT XK-635 & K-KAT XK-639
Pages 15 & 16
K-K
AT
® UR
ET
HA
NE
CA
TALY
ST
S
K-KAT XK-614 is a zinc complex catalyst for urethane coatings. Advantages include: Excellent hydrolytic stability Better pot life in 2K WB urethanes than DBTDL Selective catalysis of the polyol/isocyanate
reaction in the presence of moisture Excellent film properties K-KAT XK-614 has demonstrated excellent hydrolytic stability and an increased tendency to selectively accelerate the polyol/isocyanate reaction in the presence of moisture. These two characteristics make K-KAT XK-614 suitable for 2K waterborne urethane coating systems. A good indicator of pot life, or workable time, of a 2K waterborne urethane paint is gloss of cured films cast with aged paint. After the two components are com-bined, the aging process begins in the pot as polyol and water compete for free isocyanate groups. Gloss of films cast with aged paint is reduced as more water reacts with isocyanate in the pot.
Hou
rs
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DBTDL DBTDL/1.8% PD K-KAT 5218 K-KAT 5218/1.8% PD
Surface Dry 2X Viscosity
Dry Time/Pot Life - K-KAT 5218/DBTDL Polyester/HDI Trimer, Effect of 2,4-PD on Pot Life
The graph below demonstrates the potential improvement in the relationship between dry time and pot life when K-KAT 5218 is used with 2,4-Pentanedione. The graph shows dry times and double viscosity times of a 2K poly-ester/HDI trimer catalyzed with K-KAT 5218 and DBTDL, both with and without 1.8% 2,4-Pentanedione. While pot life extension of the DBTDL system was evident, the increase was much more significant in the K-KAT 5218 system.
K-K
AT
® U
RE
TH
AN
E C
ATA
LYS
TS
K-KAT Performance In Coatings
K-KAT XK-635 is very effective for solventborne and solventless 2K urethanes as well as blocked NCO solventborne, waterborne and solventless coatings. It is an environmentally friendly alternative to DBDTL offering: Good pot life in 2K systems Similar cure Excellent gloss retention Good hydrolytic stability Non-yellowing
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Set to touch,hours
Surface dry,hours
DBTDL K-KAT XK-635
Hours
TACK-FREE TIME - K-KAT XK-635/DBTDL 2K SB Acrylic/NCO, Air Dry
93949596979899
100101
20° Gloss, % 60° Gloss, %
DBTDL K-KAT XK-635
0 20 40 60 80 100
120°C
130°C
140°C
150°C
no catalyst DBTDL XK-635
Metal Complex K-KAT XK-635
GLOSS K-KAT XK-635/DBTDL 2K SB Acrylic/NCO, Air Dry
K-KAT XK-635 Performance in 2K Urethanes As shown in the next two graphs, K-KAT XK-635 dis-played better tack-free times and gloss than DBTDL when tested in an air dry 2K urethane.
GLOSS STUDY - K-KAT XK-614/DBTDL 2K WB Acrylic/Modified NCO
The graph below demonstrates superior selectivity of K-KAT XK-614 in a white 2K waterborne urethane system. The graph plots gloss of films cast immediately after mixing and films cast on hour intervals after mixing.
0102030405060708090
0 1 2 3 4 5
XK- 6 14 DBTDLNo Ca ta lyst
60°
Glo
ss
Paint Age - Hours
K-KAT XK-635 & K-KAT XK-639 Performance in Blocked NCO Systems K-KAT XK-635 & K-KAT XK-639 have proven to be ef-fective in blocked isocyanate systems offering equivalent or improved cure over DBTDL. As shown below, K-KAT XK-635 over a range of cure temperatures offered per-formance as good or superior to DBTDL as measured by MEK resistance in a 1K Acrylic/MEKO Blocked NCO. Catalysts were used at 0.5% level on total resin solids with a 20 minute bake schedule. The bottom graph shows similar results were achieved with K-KAT XK-639 in a 1K Acrylic/DMP Blocked NCO system.
2X MEK Rubs - K-KAT XK-635/DBTDL 1K Acrylic/MEKO Blocked NCO, 20 Minute Bake
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140°C 150°C
no catalyst DBTDL XK-639
2X M
EK
Rub
s
2X MEK Rubs - K-KAT XK-639/DBTDL 1K Acrylic/DMP Blocked NCO, 20 Minute Bake
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0 10 20 30 40
Time (min.)
Vis
cosi
ty (
Pa.
s)
K-KAT XK-618
Mercury Catalyst
K-KAT Performance In Elastomers
K-KAT XK-618 Catalyst Compatibility LMW Diols
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Hg Catalyst XK-604 XK-617 XK-618
% C
atal
yst
There is a potential cost advantage with K-KAT XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 and K-KAT XK-618 compared to commercially available mercury catalysts. The cata-lyst levels used in the gel profile study are illustrated in the graph below. These catalyst levels provided similar gel times. Along with lower dose requirements, the K-KAT catalysts have a lower price compared to com-mercial mercury catalysts.
GEL PROFILE STUDY - Catalyst Concentration Polyether Triol/MDI Prepolymer
Urethane elastomer formulations are often modified with low molecular weight chain extending diols to enhance certain properties. A commonly used low molecular weight diol is 1,4-butanediol. Compatibility of metal carboxylate catalysts in 1,4-butanediol is limited. As demonstrated in the image below, K-KAT XK-618 is much more compatible with 1,4-butanediol compared to a bismuth carboxylate catalyst. K-KAT XK-618 can be used in non-foam applications provided a very low mois-ture content is maintained.
K-K
AT
® UR
ET
HA
NE
CA
TALY
ST
S
Pages 17 & 18
GEL PROFILE STUDY - K-KAT XK-618 Polyether Triol/MDI Prepolymer
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (min.)
Vis
cosi
ty (
Pa.
s) K-KAT XK-604
Mercury Catalyst
GEL PROFILE STUDY - K-KAT XK-604 Polyether Triol/Aliphatic HDI Trimer
K-KAT XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 and K-KAT XK-618 are organometallic complexes that are environmentally accept-able alternatives to toxic mercury catalysts. Advantages include: Excellent gel profile in elastomeric systems Contains no mercury, tin or lead Efficiency Cost advantage The graphs below depict gel profiles of a polyether triol crosslinked with an MDI prepolymer catalyzed with K-KAT XK-618 and the triol crosslinked with an aliphatic HDI trimer catalyzed with K-KAT XK-604. Both gel profiles are comparable to the mercury catalyzed profiles. Moisture content of 2K urethane elastomers should be minimized to avoid gassing. However, some degree of moisture being present is often inevitable. Of the three, K-KAT XK-604 would be recommended if gassing is a concern.
Mercury Catalyst Alternatives K-KAT XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 & K-KAT XK-618
K-FLEX® Polyester Polyols, Urethane Diols and Specialty Modifiers
K-FLEX® describes three distinct product lines of specialty polyols and resin modifiers consisting of the following chemistries: K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS are based upon low molecular weight linear, saturated, aliphatic structures with primary hydroxyl groups. They are used in both coatings and elastomers.
K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS are novel, hydroxyl func-tional, water soluble low molecular weight diols with an all-urethane backbone. K-FLEX SPECIALTY PRODUCTS include two 100% active, acetoacetate functional reactive diluents. K-FLEX XM-B301 and 7301 are particularly effective in epoxy/polyamide primers and systems crosslinked with amino resins or polyisocyanates.
K-F
LEX
® R
ES
IN M
OD
IFIE
RS
PRODUCT SELECTION CHARTS
Melamine/Urea Crosslinked Systems
K-FLEX 188 Plastics
Adhesion
K-FLEX XM-366 Flow & Leveling
K-FLEX 7301 Corrosion
Resistance
K-FLEX UD-350W
Flow & Leveling Adhesion,
Hardness and Co-solvent
Replacement
K-FLEX 188 Hardness Flexibility
K-FLEX XM-366 Lower VOC
K-FLEX XM-332 Lowest VOC
Primer
2K Urethanes
K-FLEX UD-350W
Flow & Leveling Hardness
Co-Solvent Replacement
K-FLEX A308 More Hydrophobic
Better Flexibility
K-FLEX 188 Best Exterior
Durability Hardness &
Flexibility
K-FLEX A308 Best Mar/Scratch
Resistance
K-FLEX XM-366 Flexibility/Hardness
Waterborne Solvent Based
Topcoat/Clearcoat
Solvent Based
Solventless Waterborne Cast Elastomers (2K Polyurethane)
SOLVENT BASED
2K Epoxy, Primers and
Adhesives
K-FLEX XM-B301 Most
Hydrophobic
K-FLEX 7301 Lighter Color
Lower Viscosity
K-FLEX 188 Exterior Durability Balance Hardness
and Flexibility
K-FLEX XM-366 Softer - Lower VOC
Good Balance Hardness/Flexibility
K-FLEX XM-332 Lowest VOC
K-FLEX XM-359 Clearcoats
K-FLEX XM-366 Good Balance
Hardness/Flexibility
K-FLEX XM-332 Softer
Lowest VOC
K-FLEX 188 Most Hydrophobic
Best Hydrolytic Stability
K-FLEX A308 Easier
Incorporation
K-FLEX 188 Good Resiliency
Hardness/Flexibility
K-FLEX A308 Lowest Tg/Softest
K-FLEX XM-337 Highest Tg/Hardness
Solvent Based
Solvent Based Waterborne
Basecoat
Waterborne
K-FLEX 188 Improved flexibility
& salt spray
K-FLEX 188 Improved
flexibility & salt spray
K-FLEX UD-350W Co-Solvent
Replacement Higher Gloss
K-F
LEX
® PO
LYE
ST
ER
PO
LYO
LS
PRODUCT
Hydroxyl # On Solids
Viscosity 25C (cPs)
Tg
Attributes/Uses
K-FLEX 188
230 10,000 -32˚C
Improves flexibility, salt spray and humidity resistance while main-taining hardness. Highest reactivity. Excellent adhesion to many substrates including plastics. Highly recommended for 2K urethane applications.
K-FLEX A308
260 1,500 -59˚C Similar to 188 but the low viscosity combined with the higher hydroxyl number gives good hardness and adhesion while allow-ing lower VOC levels. Best mar/scratch resistance.
K-FLEX 148
235 3,750 -42˚C Improves flexibility and adhesion. Recommended for primers. Good flow and leveling. Excellent intercoat adhesion properties.
K-FLEX A307
140 5,400 -50˚C Flexibility modifier for acrylic/isocyanate and acrylic/melamine systems. The low hydroxyl number minimizes the crosslinker demand.
K-FLEX XM-332
265 400 -68°C Lowest viscosity for lowest VOC. Softest films.
K-FLEX XM-337
220 70,000 -20°C Offers high hardness and high modulus in 2K urethanes.
K-FLEX XM-359
230 9,800 -32°C Optically clear systems. Designed to provide long pot life in 2K urethanes and to prevent yellowing caused by benzotriazole type UV absorbers.
K-FLEX XM-366
270 2,000 -45°C Newest polyester polyol offering excellent flexibility, gloss and hardness.
Use in Coatings K-FLEX 100% active polyester polyols are used primarily as modifiers for acrylic, alkyd, epoxy and polyester formu-lations with melamine or polyisocyanate crosslinkers. Typical modification levels are 5 to 15% on total resin solids. The low molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution of K-FLEX polyesters allow the formulation of higher solids coatings. Primary hydroxyl groups provide high reactivity for lower temperature cure. K-FLEX polyester polyols are used to: Increase film flexibility Improve resistance properties Reduce VOC’s - increase solids Achieve higher crosslink density Improve cure adhesion including plastics
K-FLEX® Polyester Polyols HOCH2 R CH2OOC—/W\—COOCH2—R—CH2OH
Solubility & Compliant Coatings Most K-FLEX polyesters have a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD). As a result, they have excellent com-patibility with a wide range of resins and excellent solubility across a broad range of solvents and solubility parameters including some of the more difficult solvents like PC - propylene carbonate, DMC - dimethyl carbonate, acetone, TBA - t-butyl acetate and p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
(OXSOL® 100*). Addition-ally, as shown in the photo, K-FLEX polyesters can be used to compatibilize other resins into these solvents. The narrow MWD also pro-vides for an efficient reduc-tion in viscosity with a low level of solvent to achieve
VOC compliance. The K-FLEX polyesters tend to be solu-ble in most solvents, but not in aliphatic hydrocarbons or in water. Ketones tend to be very efficient solvents for them and one can achieve a spray viscosity at about 80% solids in MIBK.
Pages 19 & 20
* OXSOL® is registered trademark of Makhteshim Agan Group.
Coatings: Isocyanate Crosslinked Systems K-FLEX polyester polyols are effective modifiers for most 2-component polyurethane systems. Performance advan-tages include lower VOC, improved adhesion, increased flexibility and elongation, higher tensile strength, humidity resistance and abrasion resistance. For example, the table below details the VOC reduction and improvement of mechanical properties of a high solids 2K acrylic polyurethane system, modified with 16% K-FLEX 188 (King Formulation API-5).
Performance Control 2K Acrylic/ PU
16 % K-FLEX 188 Modification
VOC, lbs/gal. 3.28 3.02
Tensile Strength (psi)
2,900 3,300
% Elongation 22.7% 51.8%
Taber Abrasion Resistance
119 (mg loss)
87 (mg loss)
Adhesion Studies K-FLEX polyester polyols have demonstrated excellent adhesion to many substrates including many plastics. K-FLEX 188, A307 and A308 were found to have excellent adhesion to Xenoy®*, ABS, RIM, RRIM, SMC, PVC and polycarbonate using both an HMMM crosslinker and HDI isocyanurate crosslinker. * Xenoy® is a registered trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics
Mechanical Properties
K-FLEX XM-337
K-FLEX XM-359
K-FLEX XM-332
Tensile Strength*, psi (ASTM D 412)
3,821 3,723 250
Modulus*, psi (ASTM D 412)
141,232 4,600 812
Strain at max*, (%) (ASTM D 412)
79 146 36
Shore A** (ASTM D 2240)
95+ 95+ 70
Shore D** (ASTM D 2240)
80 67 27
* 1/4” Thick Casting, ** 5/8” Thick Casting
K-FLEX polyester polyols have proven to be effective in light stable cast elastomers where a combination of
optical clarity and mechanical properties are sought. In addition to the mechanical properties shown in the table that follows, K-FLEX XM-359 offers excellent optical clarity and transparency as shown in the photo to the left.
Use In Light Stable Cast Elastomers
Formulating With K-FLEX Modifiers
K-FLEX XM-359
K-F
LEX
® P
OLY
ES
TE
R P
OLY
OLS
Use & Performance In Coatings
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
0 6 12 18 24 30 36
M onths in Florida
Florida Exposure - Exterior Durability As shown below, an acrylic clearcoat over a white base coat was modified with K-FLEX 188 at 16% TRS and sub-jected to three years of Florida Exposure resulting in mini-mal change in gloss where the control showed a steady and significant reduction in gloss over time.
3 Years Florida Exposure (5° South) Acrylic Clearcoat (Paraloid™ AU-946*/Desmodur® N 3300**)
* Dow Chemical Company, **Bayer Material Science
Mechanical Properties - 1/4” Casting* K-FLEX/HDI Biuret (1:04:1.00 ratio)
K-FLEX polyesters and urethane diols can be added to the grind or letdown with no special incorporation tech-niques. To formulate a high solids pigment grind the addition of at least 5% of a high solids acrylic resin is recommended in combination with a K-SPERSE dispersant. Isocyanate Ratios The high hydroxyl number of K-FLEX products necessi-tate a careful calculation of the isocyanate ratio to assure complete crosslinking of the polyol hydroxyl groups. A NCO:OH ratio of 1.04:1.00 to 1.10:1.00 is typical. K-FLEX A307 has the lowest isocyanate demand. Melamine Ratio Due to the high hydroxyl number of K-FLEX modifiers (with the exception of A307), a ratio of K-FLEX / HMMM of 60 / 40 is normally recommended. This provides a 1 / 1 equivalent of hydroxyl group to methylol group, assuming an equivalent weight of 160 g/eq for HMMM. Properties may be adjusted for higher hardness with a lower K-FLEX / HMMM ratio or improved flexibility with a higher K-FLEX / HMMM ratio. K-FLEX A307 has a lower crossliner demand and therefore does not require the higher levels of HMMM. Adjustments in melamine levels should be made based on equivalent weights for other types of melamines (high imino, polymeric, etc…).
K-FLEX 188 Acrylic Control
20°
Glo
ss
K-F
LEX
® UR
ET
HA
NE
DIO
LS
Pages 21 & 22
H O O C N N C O
O O
O H
Advantages In Waterborne Coatings Replace volatile co-solvents with a
non-volatile reactive diol Lower VOC (higher solids) Higher film build without an increase in viscosity Improved flow and leveling More continuous film/higher gloss Improved resistance properties Higher hardness Improved wet adhesion Improved stain resistance Anti-skinning thermoset dip Lowering VOC’s In Waterborne Systems K-FLEX UD-350W was used to replace 2-butoxyethanol co-solvent in a Joncryl 540 / HMMM white baking enamel at 5%, 10% and 15%. This co-solvent replacement resulted in significant VOC reductions, as can be seen below. (King Formulation UDW-12)
0
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 5 10 15
% K-F LEX UD -350W M o dif icat io n o n T R S
VO
C (
lbs/
gal
)
PRODUCT
Composition
On Solids
Hydroxyl Acid Number Number
Viscosity
25C (cPs)
Attributes/Uses
K-FLEX UD-350W
88% Active Urethane Diol In Water
350
< 1
4,000
Water soluble in absence of surfactants, amines and co-solvent. Higher solids, im-proved flow, gloss, hardness and resistance properties. Also available as UD-320W.
K-FLEX UD-320
82% Active Urethane Diol in Propylene Glycol Mono-Methylether Acetate
350
<1
9,000
Increases application solids and hardness. Improves chemical resistance, exterior durabil-ity and hydrolytic stability.
K-FLEX UD-320-100
100% Active Urethane Diol
350 <1 7,000 at 50°C
Prepolymer synthesis. For water or solvent. Preparation of polyester urethanes.
K-FLEX® Urethane Diols
K-FLEX Urethane diols are low molecular weight (MW) diols with an aliphatic urethane backbone and a narrow MW distribution. They allow the formulation of higher solids, lower VOC waterborne (WB) coatings. They have been developed to help achieve VOC compliance with the added benefit of improved film performance. Their low molecular weight provides a higher crosslink density yielding harder films with greater exterior durability. The urethane diols are useful in various industrial systems, such as: Amino crosslinked systems 2-component polyurethanes Blocked Isocyanates Prepolymer synthesis The K-FLEX UD aliphatic urethane backbone provides excellent hydrolytic stability. It also allows the incorpora-tion of aliphatic urethane functionality without the use of isocyanates. K-FLEX urethane diols are soluble in water and most polar organic solvents, in the absence of surfactants, neutralizing amines and co-solvents. They are not soluble in more hydrophobic solvents like aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatics. However, varying levels of hydrophobic solvents can be tolerated depending on the solubility parameters of the other solvents present.
K-F
LEX
® U
RE
TH
AN
E D
IOLS
Advantages In Solventborne and Solventless Systems Higher solids (lower VOC) Higher hardness Improved resistance to humidity, QUV and
exterior exposure Improved resistance to solvents and chemicals Greater viscosity stability Performance In Solventborne Systems Even with low level K-FLEX UD-320 modification, a decrease of VOC is possible while boosting performance of the overall formulation Low level modification of melamine crosslinked systems resulted in harder films with improved QUV resistance and exterior durability. Modification of 2-component acrylic and polyester polyurethanes provided harder and more flexible films with improved exterior durability.
Improved Flow/Leveling & Higher Gloss The water solubility of the urethane diol provides improved wetting over various substrates, as well as, improved flow and leveling. The end result is higher gloss waterborne coatings, as can be seen below.
HMMM Baking Enamels, Gloss Improvement Gloss 60º/20º, % Reflectance
% K-FLEX UD-320W On TRS
System 0% 10% 15%
Joncryl 540 Acrylic Emulsion (King Formulation UDW-12)
84/15 92/29 93/73
Kelsol 3961-B2G-75 Chain Stopped Alkyd (King Formulation UDW-15)
91/65 94/76 —
Acrysol WS-68 Water Reducible Acrylic (King Formulation UDW-4)
90/67 89/69 89/74
Joncryl 540 - BASF Resins, Kelsol 3961-B2G-75 - Reichhold, Inc. Acrysol WS-68 - Dow Chemical
HMMM Crosslinked Baking Enamels Resistance Properties 11% K-FLEX Modification On Total Resin Solids
System
Humidity Resistance (350 hrs) 60º Gloss*
Salt Spray (350 hrs) Blister/mm creep**
Boiling Water Resistance (1 hour) Blister
Polymac WR 72-7203 Water Reducible Polyester (King Formulation UDW-16)
Control 5 4D/2 8D
UD-350W 59 4F/1 10
Kelsol 301-W-39 Water Reducible Polyester (King Formulation UDW-17)
Control 79 4D/10 6D
UD-350W 82 4D/3 10
* ASTM D 2247, ** ASTM B 177, D=Dense, F=Few, M=Medium, Blisters: 10 = no attack. Polymac 72-7203 - Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Kelsol 301-W-39 - Reichhold Inc.
Waterborne Systems
Improved Resistance Properties The urethane backbone of the urethane diols provides excellent hydrolytic stability for long term storage in water-borne formulations. This excellent hydrolytic stability also provides improvements in the humidity, salt spray and boiling water resistance of fully crosslinked films. The results shown demonstrate these improvements for two waterborne polyester/HMMM baking enamels.
Solventborne & Solventless Systems
Performance In Coatings
3 Years Florida Exposure (5° South) 5% K-FLEX UD-320-100 Modification - Polyester Clearcoat Over White Basecoat
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 2 1 2 7 3 0 3 6
Months in Florida
20°
Glo
ss
K-FLEX UD-320-100 Control
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
Key features include: Reduced induction time & faster cure Excellent adhesion Improved salt fog wet adhesion Improved humidity resistance VOC and viscosity reduction Elimination of solvent popping and pinholes Faster low temperature cure epoxy/amine
PRODUCT Composition Equivalent
Weight (Active Hydrogen)
Viscosity 25C (cPs)
Attributes/Uses
K-FLEX XM-B301
100% Active Reactive Diluent
190 1,100 Most hydrophobic
K-FLEX 7301
100% Active Reactive Diluent
150 Lower viscosity and lighter color. 125
K-FLEX XM-B301 Performance K-FLEX XM-B301 was used to modify an epoxy polyam-ide formulation (King Formulation EAP-1). The study monitored the effect on induction time, cure and potlife, as well as film properties. A summary can be found in the tables which follow.
K-FLEX XM-B301 Effect On Cure Epoxy/Polyamide Modification
% Modification on Total Resin Solids
Control 0%
3%
6%
Induction Time (mins) to good appearance
90
40
40
Time to Double Viscosity (hrs) 5 3 2
*Surface Dry Time (hours) 9.8 7.2 4.2
Effect On Film Properties
Knoop Hardness 22.6 15.0 17.9
Impact Strength (in./ lbs) Forward/reverse
40/5
50/10
50/20
Salt Fog (mm creep) Cold Rolled Steel, 350 Hrs. Galvanized, 672 Hrs.
13 10
12 4
8 3
Lap Shear Strength, psi - 2.5% Modification
Substrate Control + 2.5% K-FLEX B-301
Cast Iron 816 1739
Polished Steel 1593 1974
Copper 1073 1662
ABS 350 892
Styrene 434 695
Bond Strength Development, psi
4 hours 939 1397
24 hours 943 1375
K-F
LEX
® RE
AC
TIV
E D
ILUE
NT
S
* Pot life could be extended with the use of ketones.
Pages 23 & 24
K-FLEX® Reactive Diluents
K-FLEX XM-B301 and 7301 are low viscosity, acetoacetate functional reactive diluents with excellent compatibility with a wide range of resins. They can be used in solvent based and solventless systems. They are primarily recommended for use in 2-component epoxy coatings and adhesives based on epoxy/polyamine and epoxy/polyamide hardened systems.
Solventless 2K Epoxy Adhesive XM-B301 has demonstrated the following advantages in a solventless 2K epoxy adhesive formulation (King Formulation EAP-4). Improved lap shear strength to metallic and
non-metallic substrates Faster bond strength development
Salt Fog & Wet Adhesion A Solventless Epoxy/Amine System - shows improved salt spray fog protection from a 10% K-FLEX XM-B301 modification. In
addition to improved salt spray, humidity resistance and wet adhesion, the K-FLEX XM-B301 modification allowed for a faster low temperature (5°C) cure. (King Formulation EAP-2)
Control With 10% XM-B301
Adhesives Aerospace Appliances Automotive
Primers
NACURE® & K-CURE® CATALYSTS 1040, 155 1040W, 155, 3525
1051, 1323, 1953 X49-110, 3525
X49-110, 3525 155, 3525, X49-110
K-PURE® CATALYSTS CXC-1615,1612,1614,1612 & 1614 CXC-1615, CXC-1612
K-KAT® CATALYSTS XC-B221, XK-604 XK-614, 6212
5218, XC-B221, XK-614, 6212
XK-635, XK-639 XK-635, XK-639
XK-635, 6212 XK-614, 6212
K-FLEX® POLYESTER POLYOLS 148, A307, XM-366 188, A308
188, A307, XM-366 188, A308,
188, A307, XM-332 188, A308
188, A307, XM-366 188, A308
K-FLEX® URETHANE DIOLS & SPECIALTIES 7301, XM-B301, UD-350W, XM-B301
7301, XM-B301 320, 320-100 350W
320 320W, 350W
K-STAY® RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS 730, 740 501, 511, 555 501, 730
K-SPERSE® DISPERSANTS A503, A504, 5100 152, A503, 6501 152, A503
NACORR® CORROSION INHIBITORS 1151, 1552, 1352, 1652 6402
1552, 1151 1352, 1652
DISPARLON® THIXOTROPES 6100, 6200, 6300, 6100, 6200 6300
6900-20X, PFA-231 AQ-600, AQ-607, AQH-800
DISPARLON® DEFOAMERS UVX-188, 189,190 OX-60, OX-70 1970, LAP -10 AQ-501, AQ-7533
DISPARLON® DISPERSIANTS DA-325, KS-873 KS-873 KS-873
DISPARLON® LEVELING AGENTS LCN-400, L-1980, L-1984 LCN 400, L-1984 LHP-91, LHP-95, NSH-8430HF AQ-7120,
APPLICATIONS (A-I)
APPLICATIONS (I-Z)
Inks Maintenance Marine
Metal Decorating Paper
NACURE® & K-CURE® CATALYSTS 155, 1051 155, 3525, 1040W
1040, 155, 3525
X49-110, 155, 1040 155, 3525, 1040W
K-PURE® CATALYSTS CXC-1615, CXC-1612 CXC-1615
CXC-1615, CXC-1612 CXC-1615
K-KAT® CATALYSTS XC-B221, XK-614 XK-614, 6212
5218, 4205, XK-635 XK-614, 6212
XK-635, XK-639 XK-635, XK-639
K-FLEX® POLYESTER POLYOLS 188, A307, XM-337, 188, A308
188, XM-366, XM-337 188, XM-366
188, A307, XM-366 188, A308
188, A308, XM-366 188, A308
K-FLEX® URETHANE DIOLS & SPECIALTIES 320-100 350W
7301, XM-B301
320 350W
320, 320-100 350W
K-STAY® RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS 501, 511, 555, 730 730
K-SPERSE® DISPERSANTS 131, 152, A504 152, A503 152, A503, 6501 A504
NACORR® CORROSION INHIBITORS 1151, 1552, 1352, 1652 1151,1552, 1352, 1652 6402
DISPARLON® THIXOTROPES 6900-20X, AQ-607, AQ-610, AQH-800
F-9030, 6300, 6500, 6650 AQ-607, AQ-610
6900-20X, PFA-231
DISPARLON® DEFOAMERS OX-60, OX-70 LAP-10, LAP-20 UVX-188,189,190
DISPARLON® DISPERSANTS AQ-320, AQ-330, AQ-340, AQ-380
DA-325
DISPARLON® LEVELING AGENTS LS-430, AQ-7120 L-1983, L-1984 LCN-400, L-1984 PL 545, UVX 35,36
APPLICATION - QUICK REFERENCE CHART
Solvent Based Waterborne Powder UV SYSTEM KEY (Font Color) 100% Solids
Automotive Basecoat/Topcoat
Can Coil (PCM) E-Coat Elastomers/Foam General Industrial
5225, 5528, 2500, 3525 2500, 5225, 2547
5076, 5925, 155, 3525 2500, 2558, 3525
1323, 1419, 1953, 2107, XC-194K, 2500, X49-110, 3525
1051, NACORR 1552 Acrylic Anodic
2500, 155, X49-110 2547, 2500, X49-110, 3525
CXC-1615, CXC-1612 CXC-1615,CXC-1612, CXC-1615
XK-635, XC-B221 XK-614, 6212
XK-635 XK-614
XK-635, XK-639 XK-635, XK-639
XK-604, XK-618 XK-635, 5218, XC-B221 XK-614, 6212
XM-359, A308, XM-366 188, A308
188, A307, XM-366 188, A308
188, A307, XM-337 188, A308
188, XM-332, XM-337 148,188, A308
188, A308, XM-332 188, A308
188, XM-366, XM-337 188, A308
320 320W, 350W
320, 350W
320 350W
320 350W
501, 511, 555 501, 511, 555, 730
A503, A504 152, A503 A504 152, A503, 5100, 6501
1352, 1552 1352, 1552 1151, 1552, 1352, 1652 6402
6900-20X, PFA-231, NS-5500 AQ-600, AQ-607, AQH-800
6100, 6200 6900-20X, PFA-231, AQ-600, AQ-607, AQH-800, 6100, 6200
OX-60, OX-750HF, OX-883HF LAP -10 OX-60, OX-70 OX-60,OX-70, LCN-400 UVX188,189,190
DA-325, AQ-320, AQ-330, AQ-340, AQ-380
DA-325, KS-873, AQ-340, AQ-380
LHP-91, LHP-95, AQ-7120 PL-545
LCN 400, L-1984 LCN-400, L & LAP Series, AQ-7120, PL 545
While not all inclusive, this quick reference chart has been designed to offer starting point product choices by application, solvent based systems (font-black), solventless (font-green), waterborne (font-blue), powder (font-brown) and UV (font-purple). Please refer to each product section for additional choices, systems and selection criteria.
Prepolymers Refinish Resin Synthesis Sealants Stain/Varnishes Wood
155, 1040 155, 1040W
1040, 155 1040W, 155
2500, 5225, 4000 2547, 155, 8924
CXC-1612, CXC-1614 CXC-1612, CXC-1756
6212, XC-B221 6212, XK-614
4205, 5218, XK-635 XK-614, 6212
6212, XC-B221 6212, XK-614
XC-B221, XK-604 XC-B221, XK-604 XK-614, 6212
188, A308, XM-332 188, A308
188, A307, XM-366 188, XM-366
188, A308, XM-366
A307, A308, A307, A308
188, XM-366, XM-337 188, A308
320-100 320-100
XM-B301, 7301
320-100 A307, A308
320, 320-100 320W, 350W
501, 511, 555
A503, A504 152, A503
1151, 1552 1352, 1652
6900-20X, PFA-231, NS-5500 AQH-800
6500, 6200, 6300 6100
A671-EZ, NS-5500, 670-20M AQ-607, AQ-610, AQH-800
A671-EZ, NS-5500, 670-20M AQ-607, AQ-610, AQH-800
OX-60,OX-70, LCN-400 UVX188,189,190
1958 1958, LAP-10, LAP-20, LAP-30
LHP 90, 95 UVX 35,36
UVX 35,36 LHP Series, L-1984 UVX 35,36
K-PURE® Catalysts for Epoxy Systems
K-PURE CXC Catalysts for epoxy/hydroxyl and anhy-dride systems are most commonly used in solvent less systems. K-PURE CXC-1612 and CXC-1614 These catalysts are based on super acids, hexafluoroanti-monate or triflic acid and can be used in conjunction with cycloaliphatic epoxies, glycidyl ester and glycidyl ether resins. Polymerization of the epoxy resin occurs via a cationic mechanism, thus allowing co-polymerization with hy-droxyl, lactone, oxetane or vinyl functional groups.
One component, high solids or solvent less systems for high speed or low temperature applications can be obtained using this technology. The unique blocking group under goes a chemical re-arrangement upon activation, that eliminates any volatile components to be generated during cure. Additional Offerings King offers additional catalysts for epoxy systems under its K-PURE® tradename. Found on King’s web site, this family of catalysts developed for the electronics industry includes non-antimony catalysts with higher activation temperatures and higher purity.
K-P
UR
E® C
ATA
LYS
TS
FO
R E
PO
XY
SY
ST
EM
S
More K-PURE® product information can be obtained by contacting King Industries Specialty Markets Group
Performance
Cycloaliphatic Diepoxide DSC Ramp - 5°C per minute
- 0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0 50 100 150 200
Temperature
Hea
t F
low
, W
/g
CXC-1612 CXC-1614 CXC-1615
BADGE/MHHPA Case Study Cast parts with BDMA, CXC-1756 and 2,4-EMI cured: 1 hr ,100ºC (demold) + 1 hr, 120ºC + 3 hrs, 180ºC Cast parts with CXC-1765 cured: 1 hr ,120ºC (demold) + 1 hr, 140ºC + 3 hrs, 180ºC
Catalyst/Curative BDMA K-PURE
CXC-1756 K-PURE
CXC-1765 2,4-EMI
% by Weight 2 1 3 0.5
Shore D 80 82 80 80
DSC Onset Point, 96°C 119°C 134°C 122°C
Stability Days at 25°C
2 5 10 3
Tg, °C Mechanical 140.5 147.8 139.1 155.8
Flexural Testing
Modulus, PSI 327,00 323,000 372,000 242,000
Strength, PSI 14,500 12,000 15,000 12,000
Water Immersion
47 Days weight gain
1.6 1.6 2.1 1.5
Color Comparison 1/4” Castings Cast in Aluminum Mold
0.5% CXC-1765 0.5% EMI
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
CXC-1612 Concentration, %
100°C 120°C 177°C
Effect of CXC-1612 Concentration on Glass Transition Temperature BADGE (Bisphenol-A diglycidylether) Cure: 1 Hour
Gla
ss T
ran
siti
on
, °C
Temperature:
Epoxy or Hydroxyl
K-PURE CXC-1756 2K Systems
SB & 100% Solids Cure 110°C <
Various
K-PURE® CXC-1765 Cure 130°C < Longer Pot-life
Low color
Solvent-less
K-PURE CXC-1612 1K Systems
SB & 100% Solids Cure 80°C <
K-PURE CXC-1614 1K Systems
SB & 100% Solids Cure 100°C <
K-PURE CXC-1615 1K Systems
SB & WB Cure 120°C <
Pages 19 & 20
needed. Pre-diluting in di-functional epoxy or vinyl ether functional diluents is not recommended. Base Sensitivity - Super acids (CXC-1612, 1614 and 1615) are sensitive to basic materials. Thus, cure can be inhibited by basic substrates, pigments or resins. Ambient Cure - These catalysts are not designed to cure epoxy systems at ambient temperatures.
Catalysts for Solvent Less Epoxy Systems PRODUCT
Composition % Active
Specific Gravity 25°C
Form Typical Use Levels (catalyst solids on total resin solids)
Activation Temperature
Range
Attributes/Uses
K-PURE CXC-1612
Ammonium Antimony
Hexafluoride
100
na
Off White
powder
0.5 - 2%
80-100°C
Cationic cure of inks, adhesives and coatings, zero VOC, zero out-gassing
K-PURE CXC-1614
Ammonium Triflic acid
100
na
Off White
powder
0.5 - 3%
100-120°C
Cationic cure of inks, adhesives and coatings, zero VOC, zero out-gassing
K-PURE CXC-1756
Organo-metallic complex
100
1.15
Straw Liquid
0.5 - 3%
110-120°C
Casting, encapsulating and pot-ting type systems
K-PURE CXC-1765
Organo-metallic complex
60 1.05 Straw Liquid
2 - 5% 130-150°C Low color epoxy-acid systems. Supplied in reactive diluents
Catalyst for Solvent & Water Based Epoxy Systems K-PURE CXC-1615
Amine Salt of Triflic Acid in
Water/Solvent
60
1.16
Light Amber Liquid
0.5 - 3%
110-120°C
Cationic cure of inks, adhesives and coatings for solvent or water-borne systems
Formulating Considerations
Pages 27 & 28
K-PURE® CXC-1756 Cure 110°C <
Shorter Pot-life
Catalyst Selection for Epoxy Systems
Acid Anhydride
Solid Catalysts (CXC-1612 and 1614) - These solid cata-lysts are soluble in most liquid epoxies at the recommended use levels, but making a concentrate with reactive diluents makes screening easier. Propylene carbonate is a common diluent, but liquid anhydrides and citrate esters are also suit-able. These concentrated solutions are less stable than the solid catalyst (manifested by color change), and aged con-centrates may change the formulation stability. Therefore, it is recommended that all pre-dilutions be made and used as
K-P
UR
E® C
ATA
LYS
TS
FO
R E
PO
XY
SY
ST
EM
S
Mechanism The NACORR molecules have a polar metal sulfonate group and a long hydrophobic tail. The NACORR prod-ucts prevent corrosion by two distinct mechanisms including:
Polar metal sulfonate is attracted to the metal sub-strate where it helps to electrically passivate any potential anodic sites The hydrophobic tail is oriented outward away from the metal substrate, excluding water from any potential anodic sites. This eliminates the electrolyte, one of the 4 required elements for corrosion (anode, cathode, conduc-tor and electrolyte)
NA
CO
RR
® R
US
T &
CO
RR
OS
ION
INH
IBIT
OR
S
Metal Substrate
Coating
Anode
Hydrophobic Barrier Layer Created by NACORR
POWDER
NACORR 1352 General Purpose Alkyd & Urethane
NACORR 1652 Improved Compatibility
With Water NACORR 1652 Synergy With Heavy
Metal Free Pigments
NACORR 1552 Best Synergy With Zinc Anticorrosive
Pigments
NACORR 4426 Emulsions
NACORR 6402 Urethane Polyester
Cementitious products
NACORR 1151 Best Corrosion Performance
NACORR 1754 Metal-free
NACORR® Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors
Introduction King Industries’ NACORR® Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors provide formulators the means to impart corrosion resis-tance to aqueous, non-aqueous and powder systems. NACORR can be used as the primary corrosion inhibitor or in combination with environmentally friendly anti-corrosive pigments. They are compatible with a wide vari-ety of resins used in primers and direct to metal topcoats for a multitude of industrial applications. Benefits include: Improved corrosion protection in clearcoats and
highly pigmented systems Liquid materials make for easier incorporation Synergy with anti-corrosive pigments to replace
chromates and other environmentally unacceptable anti-corrosive pigments
Improved pigment dispersion and gloss when added to the pigment grind (for solventborne coatings)
Enhanced cure rates of amino crosslinked systems, especially with NACORR 1552 (zinc salt)
NACORR's are metal or amine salts of a hydrophobic sulfonic acid. They are available in different solvents to accommodate the broad range of coating technologies currently used. Standard solvents are Mineral Spirits or 2-Butoxyethanol.
NACORR Selection Chart by System
WATERBORNE SOLVENTBORNE
NA
CO
RR
® RU
ST
& C
OR
RO
SIO
N IN
HIB
ITO
RS
Pages 29 & 30
PRODUCT
Sulfonate
Solvent
%
Active
Attributes/Uses
NACORR 1151
Barium Mineral Spirits 50 Best compatibility in solvent based systems. Best for low pH systems
NACORR 1352
Calcium 2-Butoxyethanol 50 Excellent in waterborne applications.
NACORR 1552*
Zinc 2-Butoxyethanol 50 Excellent adhesion. Excellent for solvent based primers. Cata-lytic in amino systems.
NACORR 1652
Magnesium 2-Butoxyethanol 50 Hardest films in thermoset coatings.
NACORR 1754
Amine 2-Butoxyethanol n-Butyl Alcohol
35 Excellent compatibility on water based systems. Effective on steel, galvanized steel and aluminum.
NACORR 4426
Sodium Complex Polymer/Water
NA Excellent in water based emulsion systems. Effective on steel, galvanized steel and aluminum.
NACORR 6402
Calcium N/A 50 Free flowing powder for easy incorporation. Silica carrier, espe-cially designed for powder coatings.
NACORR Performance
Performance - Waterborne Systems
This formulation is indicative of the level of perform-ance that can be achieved in the salt fog exposure test using 3% (on total formulation weight) NACORR 6402 in a hybrid polyester/urethane powder system. (King Formulation CI-301)
500 Hours Salt Fog Exposure (ASTM B 117-90) Cold Rolled Steel
Control + 3% NACORR 6402
Performance - Powder Systems
In the above air dry alkyd water reducible systems, a noticeable improvement in salt spray resistance over iron phosphated steel was shown with the addition of 2% NACORR liquid corrosion inhibitors.
NACORR liquid organic corrosion inhibitors provide improved corrosion resistance alone in coatings for-mulations. They allow the formulation of anticorrosive systems without anticorrosive pigments as may be required for high gloss direct to metal topcoats and clearcoats.
Control NACORR 1151 NACORR 1352 NACORR 1652
* NACORR 1552 is an excellent catalyst and corrosion inhibitor for anodic acrylic electrocoating.
NA
CO
RR
® R
US
T &
CO
RR
OS
ION
INH
IBIT
OR
S
NACORR Synergy With Anti-corrosive Pigments
FORMULATION System Type Synergy With NACORR
CI-101 WB Acrylic Primer Halox® SZP-391 (strontium zinc phosphosilicate) 1351 & 1651
CI-102 WB Acrylic Primer Halox® SW-111 (strontium phosphosilicate) 1651 & 1652
CI-103 WB Acrylic Primer Boroguard® ZB (zinc borate) 1351 & 1651
CI-104 WB Acrylic Primer Busan® 11M-1 (barium metaborate) 1351 & 1651
CI-106 WB Acrylic Primer Nalzin® 2 (zinc hydroxy phosphate) 1754
CI-107 WB Acrylic Primer Wacor® ZBP-M (borate modified zinc phosphate) 1651
CI-108 WR Alkyd Topcoat Nalzin® 2 (zinc hydroxy phosphate) 1352 & 1754
CI-109 WR Alkyd Primer Novinox® PZ-02 (zinc phosphate) 1552
CI-110 WR Epoxy Ester Primer Heucophos® ZPA (zinc aluminum phosphate hydrate) 1754
CI-112 WB Polyurethane Primer
Heucophos® ZZMP (zinc molybdenum phosphate hydrate) 1352 & 1552
CI-113 WR Alkyd Primer Halox® SW-111 (strontium phosphosilicate) 1151 & 1651
CI-120 WB Acrylic Primer Heucophos® ZBZ (basic zinc phosphate silicate hydrate) 1352, 1552 & 1652
CI-121 WB Acrylic Primer Heucophos® ZPZ (basic zinc phosphate hydrate) 1352, 1552 & 1652
CI-201 HS Chain Stopped Alkyd
Wacor® ZBP-M (borate modified zinc phosphate) 1352, 1652
CI-206 Polyester/HMMM Coil Shieldex® AC-3 (calcium ion exchanged silica gel) 1551 & 1754
CI-207 Polyester OEM Primer Halox® SZP-391 (strontium zinc phosphosilicate) 1351
Performance - Synergy With Anti-corrosive Pigments In Waterborne Systems
To achieve the level of corrosion resistance found with chromates and other environmentally unacceptable anti-corrosive pigments, the NACORR products are often used synergistically with more environmentally friendly anti-corrosive pigments.
Please find below a table of King Industries, Inc. formula-tions demonstrating synergy with a wide variety of com-monly used anti-corrosive pigments, including; borates, phosphosilicates and phosphates.
WB Acrylic Primer - 500 Hours Salt Spry Strontium Phosphosilicate & NACORR 1652
Control Strontium Phosphosilicate
Strontium Phosphosilicate & 2% NACORR 1652
King Formulation CI-102 demonstrates the synergistic effect of NACORR 1652 with a strontium phosphosilicate in a waterborne air dry acrylic primer. Please note the improved corrosion resistance of the anti-corrosive pig-ment compared to the control. The use of NACORR 1652 in synergy with the anti-corrosive pigment provided a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance.
NA
CO
RR
® RU
ST
& C
OR
RO
SIO
N IN
HIB
ITO
RS
Pages 31 & 32
Use Levels & Incorporation
Generally, addition levels of 1-3% based on total weight of the paint are effective in enhancing corrosion protection. Due to the polarity of the metal sulfonate, highly pigmented systems or pigments with high surface areas may require higher levels of NACORR. This is due to the affinity of NACORR for the pigment surface. If active pigments are reduced or eliminated, they should be replaced with inert pigments to maintain solids and critical pigment volume concentrations. The NACORR products are based on a variety of different metal salts. The NACORR metal salts appear to be very system specific. Some work better than others, depending on the resin system, type of anti-corrosive pigment, and other formulation components. It is best to evaluate several of the NACORR products in your formulation to find the best performing product. Once a product is selected, it can be optimized by conducting a ladder study to determine a use level that best meets your performance needs.
SYSTEM Incorporation Method
Solvent Based Can be post added with mild agitation or added to mill base.
Water Reducible
With Water In Mill Base If possible, remove water from base and add it to the letdown. Otherwise post-add under high agitation.
No Water In Mill Base Add 0.5 -1.0% to mill base by premixing the NACORR, solvent and resin prior to pigment. Add balance to letdown prior to any water addition
No Co-solvents Post-add under high agitation during letdown prior to any water addition
With Co-solvents Premix with coalescing solvent prior to addition. A typical ratio of 1:1 is recommended. Next add mixture under high agitation prior to any water addition.
With Co-solvents & Amines Premix with coalescent and amine. Add under high agitation prior to any water. A typical starting ratio for premix: 50% Nacorr, 45% coalescent and 5% amine by weight.
Powder Dry blend with the premix at 1% to 3% based on total weight.
Emulsions, Colloids & Dispersions
Performance - Synergy With Anti-Corrosive Pigments In Solvent Based Systems
The photos to the right demonstrate the improvement in wet adhesion of the salt spray panels when NACORR 1352 is combined with the anti-corrosive pigment in a solvent based chain stopped TOFA air dry alkyd primer. The NACORR liquid organic corrosion inhibitor was added at a 2% level as supplied on total formulation weight.
+ Calcium/Zinc Phospho-molybdate
+ NACORR 1352 Control
Synergy - Air Dry Alkyd Primer NACORR 1352 and Calcium/Zinc Phospho-molybdate
King Formulation (CI-201)
K-SPERSE Powder Dispersants – These monomeric dispersants supplied in powder form were developed for dispersing pigments into powder coatings and other solventless systems. Advantages include: Ease of use – free flowing powder Improved hiding power at low film thickness Low cost
K-SPERSE Polymeric Dispersants – These liquid polymeric dispersants were developed as dispersants for “hard-to-disperse” organic and carbon black pigments used in solventborne and solvent free liquid formulations. Best jettness with carbon black Simplicity of use - no need for synergist No effect on cure of amino resins or
isocyanates – amine free
K-S
PE
RS
E® D
ISP
ER
SA
NT
S
K-SPERSE Selection Chart
ORGANIC & INORGANIC PIGMENTS and FILLERS
K-SPERSE 5100 Epoxies and Polyesters
K-SPERSE A504 Solventless Systems
K-SPERSE 6501 General Purpose
K-SPERSE 131 Zinc-free,
No catalytic effect
ORGANIC PIGMENTS
POLYMERIC DISPERSANTS
MONOMERIC DISPERSANTS
K-SPERSE A503 General Purpose
Polyesters and Acrylics
Solventborne Systems
K-SPERSE 152 General Purpose
Solventless Systems
K-SPERSE® Dispersants for Non-Aqueous Systems
K-SPERSE additives are highly effective amine free dispersing agents for organic and inorganic pigments used in non-aqueous and solvent-free coatings and inks. They can be categorized into three distinct groups: K-SPERSE Liquid Monomeric Dispersants – These liquid products were designed as cost effective dispers-ants in a wide variety of formulations. They can be utilized with a broad range of resins including acrylics, alkyds, bitumen, epoxies, polyesters and polyurethanes. K-SPERSE 152 can be used with commercial polymeric dispersants that require the use of a synergist. Advantages include: Widest range of solubility (alcohols to aliphatic
hydrocarbons) Low dosage – highest pigment loading Highly efficient dispersing TiO2 Better color development and gloss Fast dispersion time Hydrophobic - Not moisture sensitive
K-S
PE
RS
E® D
ISP
ER
SA
NT
S
PRODUCT Composition %
Active lbs./gal. Attributes/Uses
Monomeric Dispersants
K-SPERSE 131
Calcium Sulfonate Mineral Spirits 50 7.7
Use in formulas containing driers/accelerators including alkyds, urethanes and epoxies
K-SPERSE 152
Zinc Sulfonate 2-Butoxyethanol
50
8.3
General purpose. Can be used at 1/3 to 1/2 the level of typical commercial dispersants. Synergist for competitive polymeric dispersants.
K-SPERSE 152/MS
Zinc Sulfonate Mineral Spirits
50
7.9
Mineral spirits version of K-Sperse 152.
Powder Dispersants
K-SPERSE 6501
Zinc Sulfonate Precipitated Silica
55
N/A
Free flowing powder developed specifically for powder and solvent-free systems.
Polymeric Dispersants
K-SPERSE A503
Polymeric Dispersant Butyl Acetate 40 7.9
General purpose for use in solvent based coatings, inks and pigment concentrates.
K-SPERSE A504
Polymeric Dispersant 100 8.5
For use in 100% solids formulations including coatings, inks, pigment concentrates and plastics
K-SPERSE 5100
Polymeric Wetting & Dispersing Agent 100 9.4
Solvent-free dispersant for epoxy and polyester systems.
High Efficiency K Sperse monomeric products are designed for use in non aqueous systems. These easy to use liquid prod-ucts are effective at 50 to 75% lower loading than other dispersants. They are particularly efficient at dispersing TiO2 and iron oxides. The table below shows the typical K-Sperse 152 use levels compared to other dispersants based on the manufacturers’ recommendations.
Comparison: Weight % on Pigment
Pigment K-Sperse 152
Other Dispersants*
Phthalo Blue 3.5% 10 - 33%
Transparent Iron Oxide
5% 7 - 30%
Iron Oxide 1.5% 2.5%
Chromopthal Red 8% 12-15%
Titanium Dioxide 0.6% 1.2%
Furnace Black 7 - 35% 100%
Channel Black 7% 17 - 100%
* Hyperdispersant, Polymeric and Amphoteric
Carbon Black
K-SPERE Performance
Better Color Development Higher color strength can be obtained with the use of K-Sperse 132 & 152. Black dispersions were prepared using K-Sperse 152, a polymeric dispersant and an amphoteric dispersant to tint a white base to determine the color strength developed by each after milling for 8 hours in a steel ball mill.
K-SPERSE 152 Polymeric Disp. B Amphoteric Disp. A
K-Sperse 152 – Synergist and Catalytic Effects K-Sperse 152 is very effective as a synergist with polymeric dispersants to optimize carbon black and red shade phtalo blue dispersions. Formulators should be aware of a possible catalytic effect with K-Sperse 152. The zinc in K-Sperse 152 may complex with the driers and accelerators used in air oxidized paints. K-Sperse 152 can also contribute to the cure response in thermoset HMMM systems. K-Sperse 131/132 should be used in place of K-Sperse 152 to avoid these catalytic effects.
Pages 33 & 34
K-S
PE
RS
E® D
ISP
ER
SA
NT
S
K-Sperse Polymeric Dispersants Performance The accompanying photograph shows a comparison of color development after 4 hours of mixing. A Quinacridone red pigment dispersion was added to a white tint base in order to compare the color development between the various dispersants.
K-SPERSE Powder Products
1
10
100
1000
10000
TiO2 (R960) TiO2 (R900) Lamp Black
Control K-5100
K-Sperse 6501 Powder Product K-SPERSE 6501 demonstrates similar performance to the liquid monomerics and should be added at the pre-mix stage of production typically at 1 to 10% as supplied on total pigment weight.
K-SPERSE Polymeric Dispersants
K-Sperse Polymeric Dispersants K -Sperse A503 and A504 are acid functional (amine free) dispersants that do not require a synergist as some commercial polymeric dispersants do. K- Sperse A503 is a good general purpose dispersant for organic pigments, and was designed to provide optimum jettness of carbon blacks and simplicity of use. K -Sperse A504 was designed for solventless systems. Advantages include: Best jettness with carbon black Increased potlife in 2K urethanes Small effect on melamine cure rates Excellent flood float resistance K-Sperse 5100 K-SPERSE 5100 is a solvent free dispersing agent for solventborne and solvent free systems. It is particularly effective in 100% solids epoxy systems. This low molecular weight polymer contains hydroxyl and carboxyl functionality and is recommended for both organic and inorganic pigments/fillers. It can be used as the sole dispersing resin or as a modifier for resins with poor wetting characteristics. The graph below demonstrates the effectiveness of K-SPERSE 5100 to disperse white and black pigments in a 100% solids, epoxy resin. The pigment to binder ratio was: White: 1:1, Black: 7:1. K-Sperse levels were at 5% on pigment for the TiO2 and 50% for the black.
K-SPERSE Polymeric Performance
Fast Color Development The test results as evidenced in the photo- graph to the left show that K-SPERSE A503 (center) provides faster color development.
Disp. A-1
K-SP A503
Disp. B
Excellent Flood/Float Resistance When tested in a gray melamine baking system, K-SPERSE A503 provided excellent flood/float resistance when compared to three competitive dispersants.
Disp. A-1 K-SPERSE A503
Disp. A-2 Disp. B
Gray Melamine Baking System
Vis
cosi
ty,
cPs
PRODUCT Composition % Active
Treat Levels
Attributes/Uses
For Solvent-borne Systems
K-STAY 501
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate
Light Aromatic Naphtha
50
1 - 5%
For solvent-borne systems, including polyester/melamine, acrylic/melamine, alkyd/melamine, 2K urethanes and epoxies
Associative Thickeners For Waterborne Systems
K-STAY 730
HEUR* Thickener Water
50 0.5 - 4% High shear thinning, used to increase low and medium shear viscosity. Well suited for high film build, spray applied applications.
K-STAY 740
HEUR Thickener
100 0.2 - 1% Supplied as solid free flowing powder. Shear thinning, provides increase to low and medium shear rate viscosities. Easy to handle.
* HEUR - Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethane Thickener
K-STAY 511
Sulfonate Light Aromatic Naphtha
50 1 - 5% Ultra high efficiency in TiO2 containing paints. Excellent gloss in urethane formulations.
K-STAY 555
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate/Light
Aromatic Naphtha - MS
57 1 - 5% General purpose anti-sag and anti-settling for solvent-borne systems. Economical, efficient and easy to use.
Product Selection Chart
K-STAY 511 Low Dosage with TiO2, high
gloss in urethanes
Powder Product Liquid Product
Waterborne Systems
K-STAY 730 Liquid HEUR Paint, Caulk and
Sealants
K-STAY 740 Powder HEUR Paint, Caulk and
Sealants
K-S
TAY
® RH
EO
LOG
Y M
OD
IFIE
RS
Pages 35 & 36
The 700 Series - based on Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethane Associative Thickeners (HEUR) for waterborne systems, offering Excellent sag control Zero VOC’s Ease of incorporation Pseudoplastic profile Liquid and 100% solid free flowing powder
products Both series offer shear thinning capabilities for spray, dip, roller or brush application.
K-STAY 555 General Purpose
K-STAY 501 Most Versatile
Solvent Based Systems
K-STAY® Rheology Modifiers
K-STAY rheology modifiers are available for both solvent-borne and waterborne coatings. Specifically: The K-STAY 500 Series - based on unique sulfonate technology for non-aqueous pigmented systems, offering: Excellent anti-sag and pigment suspension High efficiency - low use levels High gloss Ease of use - pourable liquids Effectiveness in a wide range of resin systems
K-STAY 500 Series for Pigmented Solventborne Systems
Performance Criteria K-STAY
501 Organo
Clay Oxidized
Polyethylene Fumed Silica
Use level, % 1 1 2 1
Sag, 350°C 6 mil 3 mil 1.5 mil 1.5 mil
60° Gloss 93 44 88 47
Brookfield Viscosity 6 rpm, cPs
1800 440 360 940
Brookfield Viscosity 60 rpm, cPs
530 250 270 370
Shear Thinning Index - STI 6/60
3.4 1.8 1.3 2.5
K-S
TAY
® R
HE
OLO
GY
MO
DIF
IER
S
As demonstrated in the performance examples that follow, specific products within the 500 Series impart: Excellent gloss retention Excellent intercoat adhesion Improved thermal sag resistance
The K-STAY 500 Series are used in pigmented solvent-borne coatings based on a variety of resin systems including acrylics, alkyds, epoxies, polyester and urethanes.
Unlike some rheology modifiers, the K-STAY 500 Series products are pourable liquids for ease of use in the production process.
K-STAY 501 Performance
K-STAY 501 was evaluated against other common rheol-ogy modifiers in a polyester melamine bake coating at their recommended use levels .The K-STAY 501 modified coating had the best gloss and best sag resistance. Performance is shown in the table to the right.
K-STAY 511 Performance
The photo on the left shows, the sag resistance achieved with the addition of 0.5% K-STAY 511 in a 2K Urethane. As shown to the right, the addition did not adversely impact gloss as some other types of rheology modifiers are known to do.
Control 0.5% K-STAY 511 Control K-STAY 511
Sag Resistance Gloss Retention
K-STAY 700 Series for Waterborne Systems
The graph below illustrates the rheological profiles of the K-STAY 700 Series for waterborne systems. The bottom brown line represents the control formulation.
As shown, adding a low to medium shear thickener (K-STAY 740) provides some shear thinning and is suitable for coatings applications i.e. roll, brush or dip. Adding a high shear thinning modifier (K-STAY 730) provides excellent spray properties.
K-STAY 700 Series Rheology Profiles
K-STAY 730 K-STAY 730 is a zero VOC, Hydrophobically modified urethane thickener with pseudoplastic characteristics. It is ideally suited for high film build, spray applied formulations. K-STAY 740 K-STAY 740 is 100% solids free flowing powder. It complies with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 (indirect contact such as adhesives for food packaging) and 175.300 for direct contact coatings. It is ideal for use in paints, caulks and sealants.
Incorporation
K-STAY 730 can be added in grind or let-down where predilution with water will ease incorporation.
K-STAY 740 can be added directly to the pigment grind. If post-added, it is recommended to prepare a pourable gel prior to addition.
K-STAY 730 - for spray applications
K-STAY 740 - for roll, dip, flow and brush applications
Control
Vis
cosi
ty
Shear Rate
K-S
TAY
® RH
EO
LOG
Y M
OD
IFIE
RS
Pages 37 & 38
1st Topcoat
20° Gloss 90.4
60° Gloss 96.3
2nd Topcoat
20° Gloss 83.7
60° Gloss 95.5
Gray Primer
K-STAY 555 Performance
As shown in the photos to the left, K-STAY 555 at a 2% dosage level provided effective sag control at a 10 mils film thickness of a 2K Acrylic/Urethane white marine topcoat over a heavy duty, marine 2K gray epoxy primer. The photo to the right, shows after 2 coats of the white topcoat, 100% crosshatch adhesion was main-tained. Additionally, good gloss was retained.
Without K-STAY 555 With 2% K-STAY 555
DE
OLI
NK
® S
ILA
NE
S &
DE
OG
RIP
AD
DIT
IVE
S
Introduction to D.O.G King is proud to represent D.O.G - Deutsche Oelfabrik of Hamburg, Germany in North America for the technical sales of their products for coatings including DEOLINK silanes and DEOGRIP additives for anti-slip and soft-feel coatings.
DEOLINK ® Silanes & DEOGRIP® Additives
The product listings below are merely representative and not all inclusive of D.O.G performance products, King has to offer. Please visit our web site, www.kingindustries.com or contact your King representative for additional products and information.
Deolink® Silanes form a covalent bond or molecular
bridge between the organic polymer and the inorganic substrate. Adhesion between the coating and the substrate is particularly strong displaying a wide variety of improve-ments on the physical properties of your coating.
Specific Advantages: Increased adhesion Improved scratch resistance Increased abrasion resistance Permanent chemical bond of the filler to
the polymer Reduced filler agglomerates Non Yellowing
100% ACTIVE - LIQUID SILANES 50% ACTIVE - DRY PELLETIZED SILANES
Amino TE-100
Epoxy TM-100
Epoxy TE Amino TE
Ethoxy Silane 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Methoxy Silane [3-(2,3-Epoxypropoxy)propyl]
trimethoxysilane
Ethoxy Silane Wax Carrier
Ethoxy Silane Wax Carrier
Deolink MX
Blocked Mercapto Silane Wax Carrier
LIQUID SILANE PRODUCTS
Deolink Amino TE-100
Deolink Amino TM-100
Deolink Epoxy TE-100
Deolink Epoxy TM-100
1K PU Solvent / Water 2K PU Solvent / Water PUR Dispersion Epoxy Resin Waterborne Epoxy Resin Solvent Epoxy Resin Baking Enamel
PRODUCT RECOMMENDATIONS BY SYSTEM TYPE: Excellent Good
Powder Coatings
Dry Silanes As Above
DEOLINK Silanes
DEOGRIP Micro S - Matting /Anti-slip/skid Additive
DEOLINK Micro S is a matting and antislip agent for solvent based systems that can be used to create a soft-touch feel while providing a good grip.
Based on a radically modified castor oil, DEOGRIP Micro S is typically used at 5 to 15% range to obtain the aforementioned effects.
Disparlon additives are manufactured by Kusumoto Chemicals Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan. Through a technology partnership spanning over three decades, King Industries, Inc. serves as exclusive sales, technical service and marketing arm in North and South America.
DISPARLON® is a registered trademark of Kusumoto Chemicals Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
DIS
PA
RLO
N®
AD
DIT
IVE
S
Pages 39 & 40
DISPARLON® Thixotropes Introduction Disparlon thixotropes offer today’s formulators a wide choice of unique products for conventional, high solids and aqueous coatings, as well as specialty additives for inks, adhesives, gel-coats, sealants and caulks. Their primary advantages over other types of thixotropes (organo-clay, castor wax or fumed silica) are: Superior shear thinning Non-seeding Maximum anti-sagging/anti-settling Excellent stability on aging Superior performance in high gloss systems Disparlon anti-sag and anti-settling agents can be characterized into two functional types: NON-PIGMENT DEPENDENT - These types of thixotropes, which include polyamide powders and
pastes function by forming a three dimensional network. Since these thixotropes are non-associative by nature, they do not require the presence of pigments or fillers to function. These thixotropes can be used in pigmented or clear systems. PIGMENT DEPENDENT - These products are dependent on the type and level of pigment in the formulation, since they adsorb onto pigment surfaces to provide thickening efficiency. Also included in the pigment dependent type are “Hybrids”, polyamide waxes that are coated with pigment dependent polyethylene waxes. These “Hybrids” offer excellent pigment suspension plus sag control. .
NON-PIGMENT DEPENDENT TYPE Magnification of Disparlon 6900-20X under an electron microscope, illustrative of polyamide based thixotropes.
PIGMENT DEPENDENT TYPE Magnification of Disparlon 4200-10 under an electron microscope showing oxidized poly-olefin particles that will absorb on the surface of pigments and other thixotropes.
Types Of Thixotropes
“HYBRID” PIGMENT DEPENDENT Magnification of Disparlon NS-30 under an electron microscope showing polyamide coated with oxidized polyolefin.
The Disparlon trade name is applied to a series of functional additives used in paint, ink, adhesive and sealant markets worldwide. Major product types include, thixotropes, dispersants and surface control agents. Originally designed for solvent systems, the Disparlon line has expanded in recent years to include high performance additives used in aqueous, powder and uv systems.
DISPARLON® Additives for Surface Control and Thixotropy
Powder thixotropes (100% active) require heat and/or hydrogen bonding to activate. By heating these thixotropes to the appropriate temperature in the formulation using good agitation, the polyamide will swell and disperse (activate), and provide very efficient thickening.
Disparlon Powder Polyamide Thixotropes
Hydrogen bonding from materials such as amine functional and hydroxyl functional solvents and resins will help lower the activation temperature. Products are available for coatings, sealants and adhesives.
PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Form
Additive Level By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON 6100*
Polyamide _ 100% Powder
0.5 - 3.0%
Sag/Slump control. Lowest activation temperature. Designed specifically for MMA, adhesives and sealants.
DISPARLON 6200*
Polyamide _ 100% Powder
0.5 - 3.0%
Sag/Slump control. Low activation temperature. Designed specifically for adhesives and sealants.
DISPARLON 6500
Polyamide _ 100% Powder
0.5 - 2.0%
Sag control. Most versatile. General purpose coatings and sealants.
DISPARLON 6600
Polyamide _ 100% Powder
0.5 - 2.0% Sag control with improved recoatability for coatings, such as epoxy primers.
DISPARLON 6650
Polyamide _ 100% Powder
0.5 - 2.0% Cost effective sag control with improved recoatability for coatings, such as epoxy primers.
DISPARLON 6700
Polyamide - 100% Powder
0.5 - 2.0% Sag control in heavy-duty paints. Particularly effective in 100% solids epoxies and epoxy coatings containing polar solvents.
DISPARLON 6300
Polyamide _ 100% Powder
0.5 - 2.0% Ideal for use in formulations where a low activation temperature is needed such as 100% solids epoxy coatings and adhesives. D
ISP
AR
LON
® T
HIX
OT
RO
PE
S
* DISPARLON 6100 and 6200 are not available in the EU.
Powder Thixotropes Selection Chart
The polyamide powder thixotropes need to be activated (swelled and dispersed) in the system. Add the powder to the pigment grind portion of the formulation. While grinding the pigments, allow the temperature of the grind to rise to the temperatures shown in the selection chart above. Once at the “activation temperature” continue to grind for 15 minutes to get full activation of the polyamide.
After activating the polyamide, it is generally best to mix slowly during the first 20ºC of cool down. The slow mixing during cool down will give the system the most uniform and reproducible rheology. Please note, these materials will activate at lower temperatures than shown in the chart when in the presence of alcohols or amines, due to increased hydrogen bonding.
Powder Thixotropes Incorporation
DISPARLON 6100 Activation Temperature: 30°C to 60°C
Lowest activation temperature MMA, adhesives and sealants
DISPARLON 6200 Activation Temperature: 40°C to 60°C
Low activation temperature Sealants and adhesives
DISPARLON 6300 Activation Temperature: 40°C to 60°C
Lowest activation temperature For use in coatings and adhesives DISPARLON 6650
Activation Temperature: 60°C to 70° C Cost effective, maintenance coatings
Sealants & Adhesives Lower activation temperatures
Coatings Excellent recoatability
DISPARLON 6600 Activation Temperature: 60°C to 70°C High efficiency, maintenance coatings
DISPARLON 6700 Activation Temperature: 60°C to 70°C
High solids and 100% solids epoxy
DISPARLON 6500 Activation Temperature:
60°C to 65°C in solvent or monomer 90° to 110°C in resins
For use in coatings and sealants
Disparlon Preactivated Polyamide Thixotropes
PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Form
Additive Level By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON A603-20X
Pre-activated Polyamide Wax
Xylene 20% Paste
0.5 - 5.0% Moisture cure urethane systems
DISPARLON A650-20X
Pre-activated Polyamide Wax
Xylene Alcohols
20% Paste
0.5 - 5.0%
Primers and industrial maintenance coatings. Best efficiency in thick films.
DISPARLON A670-20M
Pre-activated Polyamide Wax
Mineral Spirits Alcohols
20% Paste
0.5 - 5.0%
DIY and industrial stains for good anti-settling of pigments. DIY varnishes for suspension/spacing of flattening pigments.
DISAPRLON A671-EZ
Pre-activated Polyamide Wax
Mineral Spirits Alcohol
10% Paste
0.5 - 5.0%
Easier to use version of A670-20M
DISPARLON 6900-20X
Pre-activated Polyamide Wax
Xylene Alcohols
20% Paste
0.5 - 1.5% anti-settling 1.0 - 5.0% anti-sagging
General purpose. Best gloss in thin films & clears or with metallic and pearlescent pigments.
DISPARLON F-9030
Pre-activated Polyamide Wax
Benzyl Alcohols
30% Paste
0.4-4.0% 100% solids epoxy systems and epoxy floor paints.
DISPARLON PFA-231
Preactivated Polyamide Paste
Hydrocarbons, Ethanol/IPA
20% Paste
0.5 - 5.0% Haps-free version of 6900-20X.
DISPARLON BB-102
Pre-activated Polyamide Wax
Butyl Acetate Alchols
10% Paste
0.5 - 5.0% Pourable paste. Post addable, HAPS free for best overall appearance and easiest incorporation.
DISPARLON PFA-240
Pre-activated Polyamide Wax
PCBTF 20% Paste
0.5 - 5.0% 0 VOC version of 6900-20X.
The preactivated polyamide thixotropes are ready to use. They do not require heat for activation, and can be added directly to the formulation. These materials can be used in clear as well as pigmented systems, and offer good anti-sag and anti-settling properties. The preactivated
polyamides are commonly used in coatings such as aero-sol paints, clear coats, architectural stains, auto refinish, industrial and maintenance coatings. They can also be used to orient metallic pigments and flattening pigments in oil modified urethanes.
DIS
PA
RLO
N®
TH
IXO
TR
OP
ES
Pages 41 & 42
Preactivated Thixotropes Selection Chart
DISPARLON 6900-20X General Purpose
10 micron particle size - Best in films <1 mil
DISPARLON A650-20X 20 micron particle size
Best in films over 1 mil, most efficient
DISPARLON F-9030 Benzyl alcohol carrier
Use in 100% solids epoxies
DISPARLON A603-20X Alcohol free version of 6900-20X
Moisture cure urethanes
DISPARLON A671-EZ Easier incorporation
DIY urethanes and stains
Preactivated Thixotropes Incorporation
The preactivated pastes are best added to the end of the grind and dispersed with good agitation before the letdown step. It is also recommended to incorporate the pastes by making a master batch. This method involves
pre-dispersing the paste in a resin/solvent medium (4 parts resin/1 part solvent/1 part Disparlon). It is important to avoid air entrapment. Please mix with a vortex only to the shaft. Please refer to individual technical data sheets for more information. Disparlon A671-EZ and BB-102 can be post added.
DISPARLON BB-102 Ultra fine particle size. Post Addable.
DISPARLON PFA-240 0 VOC version of 6900-20X
Industrial Coatings Moisture Cured Urethanes DYI - Urethane & Stains
DISPARLON A670-20M Satin & flat oil modified
DIY urethanes and stains
DISPARLON PFA-231 HAPS free version of 6900-20X
Disparlon Pigment Dependent Thixotropes
PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Form
Additive Level By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON 4200-10
Oxidized Polyethylene
Xylene 10% Liquid
1.0 - 5.0%
All non-aqueous pigmented systems. Anti-Settling Agent. Complies with FDA 21CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a) & (b)
DISPARLON 4200-20
Oxidized Polyethylene
Xylene 20% Paste
0.3 - 1.0%
All non-aqueous pigmented systems Anti-Settling Agent. Complies with FDA 21 CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a) & (b)
DISPARLON NS-30
Hybrid of Oxidized Polyethylene
with Polyamide
Xylene 15% Paste
1.0 - 5.0%
For polyamide side of 2K epoxy maintenance coatings. Not recommended for high gloss coatings. Anti-sag & settle.
DISPARLON F-9050
Hybrid of Oxidized Polyethylene
with Polyamide
Low Volatility Diluent
20% Paste
1.0 - 5.0%
Solvent free anti-sag and anti-settling agent.
DISPARLON NS-5500
Hybrid ofOxidized Polyethylene
with Polyamide
Aromatic 100 Alcohols
7.5% Liquid
2.0 - 5.0% Easy to use fluid paste for improved flip/flop with metallics and orientation and anti-settling of flatten-ing silica and inorganic pigments. Post-add.
DIS
PA
RLO
N®
TH
IXO
TR
OP
ES
DISPARLON 4200-10 Use in epoxies, acrylics and urethanes
Liquid: can be post-added
DISPARLON F-9050 Solvent free
Excellent pigment suspension
This type of thixotrope imparts rheology by setting up a network structure with pigments, fillers, and even particle swelling thixotropes. These thixotropes are designed for
pigmented systems only and help control flood/float, prevent settling and provide good sag resistance properties.
Pigment Dependent Thixotropes Incorporation
For best results these thixotropes should be added to the grind portion of the formulation and attain a temperature of 50⁰C.
DISPARLON 4200-10 and NS-5500 can be added to the letdown or post added.
Pigment Dependent Thixotropes Selection
DISPARLON 4200-20 Use in epoxies, acrylics and urethanes
DISPARLON NS-5500 Metallic flip/flop improvement Excellent pigment suspension
DISPARLON NS-30 Maintenance coatings, zinc rich prim-
ers, and 2K epoxies (amide side)
Performance Comparison
Additive Type: A: Blank B: EVA Copolymer Wax (10% Xylene) C: DISPARLON 4200-10 D: DISPARLON 6900-20X E: DISPARLON 6900-20X/4200-10 (NS-5500) F: Organo Clay (1) G: Organo Clay (2) H: Organo Clay (3) I: Fumed Silica Formulation: Acrylic melamine metallic base coat. 2 weeks after adjusting viscosity to 15 sec., #4 FORD Cup
A B C D E F G H I
Oxidized Polyolefin Anti-settling Agent
Hybrid Thixotropes Polyamide/Polyolefin
Anti-setting and Anti-sagging
The DISPARLON AQ Series of anti-settling and pigment orientation agents are recommended for use in water-borne coatings, inks, varnishes and stains. They are ex-tremely shear thinning which allows for easy application by spray, dip, brush or roller, while maintaining excellent
Disparlon Thixotropes for Aqueous Systems
anti-settling in the container. The AQ Series is designed to suspend dense materials such as metallic, pearlescent and iron oxide pigments, while maintaining low “in can” viscosity and good sag resistance.
PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Additive Level Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON AQ-600
Polyamide
Water 7% Propylene Glycol Mono Methyl Ether
20% Gel
1.0 - 3.0% Water reducible systems.
DISPARLON AQ-607
Polyamide
Water 5% Propylene Glycol
17% Gel
1.0 - 3.0%
Dispersions and emulsions. Best compatibility. Excellent efficiency.
DISPARLON AQ-610
Polyamide
Water 4% Propylene Glycol
Mono Butyl Ether
17% Gel
1.0 - 3.0%
Dispersions and emulsions.
DSPARLON AQ-870
Polyamide Water 8% 2-ethylhexanol
N, N, trimethylethanolamine
15% Liquid
1.0 - 3.0% Water reducible systems. Liquid version of AQ-600.
DISPARLON AQX-60
Polyamide Water
15% Gel
1.0 - 3.0% Co-solvent free version of AQ-607
DISPARLON AQX-61
Polyamide Water 15% Gel
1.0 - 3.0% Co-solvent free version of AQ-610.
DSPARLON AQH-800
Polyamide Hybrid
Water 8% Propylene Glycol Mono Methyl Ether
10% Liquid
1.0 - 3.0% General purpose anti-settle and anti-sag. Post addable. Easiest to use. Recommended for all waterborne
Excellent Anti-Settling** Excellent Pigment Orientation Excellent Sag Control**
Blank 2% AQ-600
75 µ 100 µ 150 µ 200 µ 250 µ
Pages 43 & 44
DIS
PA
RLO
N®
TH
IXO
TR
OP
ES
Thixotropes for Aqueous Systems Selection
DISPARLON AQ-600 Water reducible systems
DISPARLON AQH-800 General purpose - Very shear thinning
Easy to use as post add
DISPARLON AQ-870 Liquid version of AQ-600
AQ Series Thixotropes Incorporation
AQ Series Performance
Disparlon AQ-600, 607, 610, AQX-60, AQX-61 should be prediluted before addition: Mix AQ with water (4 parts water/1 part AQ), at low to medium shear for 20 minutes, and add to the batch
with good mixing. Water should be preneutralized and mix without vortexing to the blade.
Disparlon AQH-800 & AQ-870 should be post added.
DISPARLON AQ-610/AQX-61 Emulsions and dispersions
Water Reducible Systems Emulsions and Dispersions
DISPARLON AQ-607/AQX-60 Dispersions and emulsions
Very Efficient
** All samples tested at application viscosity:
FC #4 - 27 sec. (25℃)
Blank AQH-800 ASE Type Urethane
Blank AQH-800 ASE Type Urethane
DIS
PA
RLO
N®
SU
RFA
CE
TE
NS
ION
MO
DIF
IER
S
Disparlon Surface Tension Modifiers
PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids% Form
Additive Level By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON 1958
Vinyl Polymer Mineral Spirits 20% Liquid
0.2 - 1.0% For use with long oil alkyds.
DISPARLON 1970
Acrylic Polymer Xylene Mineral Spirits
40% Liquid
0.2 - 0.8% Baking enamels: automotive, coil.
DISPARLON OX-60
Acrylic Polymer Xylene 50% Liquid
0.2 - 1.0%
Ambient cure and Bake Finishes. Acrylic and polyester coatings. Excellent in urethane coatings.
DISPARLON OX-70
Acrylic Polymer Toluene Mineral Spirits
30% Liquid
0.2 - 1.0%
Epoxy coatings. Ambient cure.
DISPARLON OX-750 HF
Acrylic Polymer Solvent Naptha 10% Liquid
0.5 - 1.5% Acrylic and polyester coatings. Bake coatings. Automotive. HAPS free.
DISPARLON OX-883 HF
Acrylic Polymer Solvent Naptha 30% Liquid
0.2 - 1.5% Acrylic and polyester coatings. Bake coatings. Automotive. HAPS free.
A comparison of defoaming, leveling, anti-cratering and anti-popping additives as arranged by polarity is shown below. The products are acrylic and vinyl based and give excellent recoatability. The OX series are designed to release air from the coating.
The L Series and LCN-400 are leveling agents. The LHP series eliminate cratering due to surface contami-nation by lowering the surface tension of the coating. The LAP series eliminate popping in high solids and coil coatings.
1958 Long Oil Alkyds
OX-70 Epoxies
OX-60 Acrylics & Polyesters
L-1983 Epoxies
L-1982 Epoxy Phenolic Can Coatings
LCN-400 General Purpose
L-1984 Polyesters
Acrylics
1970 High Solids Polyester
Coil Coatings
L-1980 Polyesters
L-1985-50 Acetone
Alcohol Ctg.
LAP-10 High Solids Ctgs. General Purpose
LAP-20 High Solids Ctgs.
LAP-30 High Solids Ctgs.
LHP-95 Wetting & Leveling Primers & Topcoats
MODIFIER’S FUNCTION
Defoaming Anti-popping
Leveling Anti-cratering
Less Polar More Polar
Surface Tension Modifiers for Solventborne Systems Selection Chart
Defoamers for Solventborne Systems
OX-883HF Acrylics & Polyesters
Lo
wer
Su
rfac
e T
ensi
on
OX-750HF Acrylics & Polyesters
LHP-90 Wetting & Leveling Primers & Topcoats
NSH-8430HF Best surface wetting
Topcoats LHP-96
Best surface wetting Topcoats
LHP-91 Best surface wetting
Topcoats
Pages 45 & 46
DIS
PA
RLO
N®
SU
RFA
CE
TE
NS
ION
MO
DIF
IER
S
Anti-popping Agents for Solventborne Systems
DISPARLON L-1980
Acrylic Polymer _ 100% Liquid
0.1 - 0.5%
Polyesters, can, coil. Complies with FDA 21 CFR*
DISPARLON L-1982
Acrylic Polymer -
100% Liquid
0.1 - 0.5%
Epoxy phenolic can coatings.
DISPARLON L-1983
Acrylic Polymer _ 100% Liquid
0.1 - 0.5%
Epoxy coatings. Complies FDA 21 CFR*
DISPARLON L-1984
Acrylic Polymer _ 100% Liquid
0.1 - 0.5%
Most versatile. Acrylic & polyester based coatings. Automotive coatings.Complies FDA 21 CFR*
DISPARLON LCN-400
Acrylic Polymer n-butyl acetate
50% Liquid
0.1 - 1.0% General purpose, cost effective, easy to use.
DISPARLON L-1985-50
Acrylic Polymer Toluene 50% Liquid
0.1– 1.0%
Coatings containing very polar solvents such as, ethanol, methanol, or acetone.
DISPARLON LHP-90
Vinyl Polymer
Naphtha Ethyl acetate
N-Butyl alcohol
50% Liquid
1.0 - 2.0%
Excellent substrate wetting and leveling. Eliminates surface de-fects. Silicone free. Auto refinish and industrial coatings.
DISPARLON LHP-91
Vinyl Polymer Silicone Modified
Naphtha Ethyl acetate
N-Butyl alcohol
50% Liquid
1.0 - 2.0% Silicone modified version of Disparlon LHP-90.
DISPARLON LHP-95
Acrylic Polymer Naphtha
50% Liquid
1.0 - 2.0% Excellent substrate wetting and leveling. Eliminates surface de-fects. Silicone free. Auto refinish and industrial coatings.
DISPARLON LHP-96
Acrylic Polymer Silicone Modified
Naphtha
50% Liquid
1.0 - 2.0% Silicone modified version of Disparlon LHP-95.
DISPARLON NSH-8430 HF
Acrylic Silicone Copolymer
Solvent naphtha, butyl acetate
10% Liquid
0.5 - 2.0% Silicone acrylic copolymer. Excel-lent wetting and leveling with good recoatability. Primers and top-coats. Bake systems.
Leveling Agents for Solventborne Systems
Anti-cratering Agents for Solventborne Systems
* FDA 21 CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a & b)
DISPARLON LAP-10
Acrylic Polymer Naphtha n-Butyl Acetate
20% Liquid
0.3-2.0%
All high solids systems. Select based on coating polarity. Coil coatings.
DISPARLON LAP-20
Acrylic Polymer n-Butyl Acetate 20% Liquid
0.3 - 2.0% All high solids systems. Select based on coating polarity. Intermediate polarity coatings.
DISPARLON LAP-30
Acrylic Polymer n-Butyl Acetate
20% Liquid
0.3 - 2.0% All high solids systems. Select based on coating polarity. High polarity coatings.
PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Form
Additive Level By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
PL Series Surface Tension Modifiers for Solventless - Powder Systems
DISPARLON PL-545
Vinyl Polymer Castor Oil Derivative
100% Powder
0.5 - 3.0%
General purpose leveling. Complies FDA 21 CFR*
DIS
PA
RLO
N®
UV
X A
DD
ITIV
ES
FO
R U
V S
YS
TE
MS
AQ Series Surface Tension Modifiers for Aqueous Systems
Surface Tension Modifiers for Aqueous Systems Selection Chart
PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Form
Additive Level By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
Anti-flood & Anti-float
DISPARLON KS-273N
Amine Salt of Polyester with Acrylic Polymer
Xylene 45% Liquid
0.2 - 1.0%
Mixed organic and inorganic pigments. Prevents flocculation and flood/float.
DISPARLON KS-873N
Anionic Surfactant Xylene 45% Liquid
0.2 - 1.0%
Mixed organic and inorganic pigments. Prevents flocculation and flood/float.
Dispersants
DISPARLON DA-325
Amine Salt of Polyester Phosphate Ester
- 100% Liquid
1-20% (Inorganic Pigments/Fillers) 30-100% (Organic Pigments/Carbon Black)
Solvent-free. Dispersing of organic pigments.
DISPARLON DA-375
Polyether Phosphate - 100% Liquid
1-20% (Inorganic Pigments/Fillers) 30-100% (Organic Pigments/Carbon Black)
Solvent-free. Dispersing of organic pigments.
The Disparlon dispersing agents are formulated for effectiveness depending upon the pigment type and the system’s polarity, to: Improve color strength and gloss Prevent flocculation Reduce grinding time Reduce-eliminate flood & float problems
While all products are well suited in eliminating floating problems, each has specific strengths in terms of other characteristics such as the prevention of flooding and Bernard cell formation, as well as imparting superior pigment wetting and stabilization of the pigment dispersion. Dispersants should be added to the vehicle before pigment addition; KS-273N and KS-873N can be post added.
Disparlon Dispersants & Anti-flood/Anti-float Additives
DISPARLON AQ-7120
Silicone acrylic copolymer
2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol
30% Liquid
0.5 - 1.5% Excellent wetting and leveling with excellent recoatability.
DISPARLON LS-430
Polyether modified silicone
Propylene glycol monmethylether
50% Liquid
0.03-1.0% Strong wetting, leveling and anti-cratering.
DISPARLON AQ-501
Vinyl Polymer Surfactants
Petroleum Naphtha
85% Liquid
0.3 - 1.0% Anti-popping agent for waterborne bake systems.
DISPARLON AQ-7533
Vinyl Polymer Surfactants
Hydrocarbon, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol
30% Liquid
1.0-3.0% Universal defoamer and anti-popping agent for all types of waterborne coatings.
PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids% Additive Level Attributes/Uses
Disparlon AQ-7533
Defoaming & Anti-popping
Disparlon LS-430
Strong Wetting & Leveling Anti-cratering
Disparlon AQ-501
Anti-popping
% Pigment Weight
Less Polar More Polar
Lo
wer
Su
rfac
e T
ensi
on
FUNCTION KEY: Defoaming Anti-popping Wetting & Leveling
Disparlon AQ-7120
Wetting & Leveling Excellent Recoatability
DISPARLON AQ-7120
Silicone Acrylic Polymers
2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol
30% Liquid
0.5 - 1.5% Excellent wetting and leveling with excellent recoatability.
DISPARLON AQ-501
Vinyl Polymer Surfactants
Petroleum Naphtha
85% Liquid
0.3 - 1.0% Anti-popping agent for water reducible and emulsion bake systems.
DISPARLON AQ-7533
DIS
PA
RLO
N®
AN
TI-F
LOO
D &
AN
TI-F
LOA
T A
GE
NT
S
AQ Series Dispersants for Aqueous Systems
PRODUCT Composition Volatile Solids % Form
Additive Level By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON AQ-320
Polyether Phosphate
- 100% Liquid
1-20% (Inorganic Pigments), 30 to 100% (Organic Pigments)
Pearlescent and metallic pigment dispersions made with cosolvent such as butylglycol.
DISPARLON AQ-330
Polyether Phosphate
- 100% Liquid
1-20% (Inorganic Pigments), 30 to 100% (Organic Pigments)
Pearlescent and metallic pigment dispersions made without cosolvent.
DISPARLON AQ-340
Amine Salt of Polyether
Phosphate
Water, Propylene glycol monomethylether
30% Liquid
3-30% (Inorganic Pigments), 40 to 130% (Organic Pigments)
Specifically designed to disperse carbon black and organic pigments in waterborne formulations.
DISPARLON AQ-380
Acrylic Polymer
Propylene glycol monomethylether
30% Liquid
3-30% (Inorganic Pigments), 40 to 100% (Carbon Black & Organic Pigments)
Specifically designed to disperse carbon black and organic pigments in waterborne formulations.
The DISPARLON AQ series of dispersants for waterborne systems were designed for two distinct types of pigments. DISPARLON AQ-320 and AQ-330 are recommended for
pearlescent and metallic pigments while DISPARLON AQ-340 and AQ-380 were designed for dispersing carbon black and other organic pigments.
Metallic & Pearlescent Pigments
Containing Co-solvents
DISPARLON AQ-320 DISPARLON AQ-330
Without Co-solvents
Carbon Black & Other Pigments
AQ Dispersants Selection Chart
DISPARLON AQ-380 General Purpose
DISPARLON AQ-340
AQ Dispersants Performance
Control With 1.5% AQ-320 Control With
1.5% AQ-330
Dispersion of Pearlescent Paste - WB Basecoat
Dispersion of Aluminum Paste - WB Basecoat (Containing co-solvent)
WB Acrylic/HMMM Coating 20° Gloss - Control: 53.8, With AQ-380: 91.4
Control With 16% AQ-380 Pages 47 & 48
DIS
PA
RLO
N®
UV
X A
DD
ITIV
ES
FO
R U
V S
YS
TE
MS
Onset (0 Minutes)
Defoaming In wet urethane acrylate clearcoat
Disparlon UVX Series Additives for UV Systems
PRODUCT Composition Solids% Form
Additive Level By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON UVX-188
Vinyl Polymer 100% Liquid
0.5 - 1.0% For use in cationic epoxy based UV systems.
DISPARLON UVX-189
Vinyl Polymer 100% Liquid
0.5 - 1.0% General purpose. For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic based UV systems.
DISPARLON UVX-190
Vinyl Polymer 100% Liquid
0.5 - 1.0% For use in acrylic based UV systems.
DEFOAMERS
LEVELING ADDITIVES
DISPARLON UVX-35
Vinyl Polymer 100% Liquid
0.5 - 1.0% For use in highly polar UV systems.
DISPARLON UVX-36
Vinyl Polymer 100% Liquid
0.5 - 1.0% For use in acrylic UV systems.
WETTING ADDITIVES
DISPARLON UVX-272
Acrylic Silicone Polymer
1000% Liquid
0.5 - 1.0% General purpose, fluorocarbon replacement. For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic UV systems.
DISPARLON L-1983
Acrylic Polymer 100% Liquid
0.5 - 1.0% For use in epoxy based UV systems. Complies with FDA 21 CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xii & xiii (a & b)
Elapsed Time (90 Minutes)
A comparison of solvent free defoaming, leveling, and wetting additives as arranged by polarity is shown below. The UVX series are designed specifically for use in
Surface Tension Modifiers for UV Systems Selection Chart
UVX-190 Epoxies
UVX-189 General Purpose
UVX-188 Acrylics
UVX-35 Highest Polarity
UVX-36 Acrylics
L-1983 Epoxies
UVX-272 General Purpose
UV formulations. The products are based on acrylic, vinyl and silicone acrylic polymers and give excellent recoatability.
Less Polar More Polar
Lowest surface tension Acrylic Silicone Copolymer
KEY: MODIFIER FUNCTION Defoaming Leveling Wetting
Control UVX-189 Comp.
Wetting Comparison Urethane Acrylate Clearcoat - 50µ on Polypropylene Film
BLANK UVX-272 Fluorocarbon
UVX Performance
Pages 37 & 38
WARRANTY OF INFORMATION
The conditions of your use and application of our products, technical assistance and information (whether verbal, written or by way of product evaluations), including any suggested formulations and recommendations, are beyond our control. Therefore, it is imperative that you test our products, technical assistance and information to determine to your own satisfaction whether they are suitable for your intended uses and applications. Such testing has not necessarily been done by King Industries, Inc. (“King”). The facts, recommendations and suggestions herein stated are believed to be reliable; however, no guaranty or warranty of their accuracy is made. EXCEPT AS STATED, THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS OR OTHERWISE. KING SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES. Any statement inconsistent herewith is not authorized and shall not bind King. Nothing herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product(s) in conflict with patents covering any material or its use. No license is implied or granted under the claims of any patent. Sales or use of all products are pursuant to Standard Terms and Conditions stated in King sales documents.
CGB-112012
TE
CH
NIC
AL A
SS
ISTA
NC
E &
CO
NTA
CT
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N
King Industries is headquartered in Norwalk, CT, USA and maintains technical sales offices in Waddinxveen, The Netherlands and Zhongshan, China. A network of technical sales representatives and distributors serve King customers in virtually every industrialized country of the world. In addition to coatings additives, King manufacturers and markets specialty products for the lubricant industry, electronics industry, rubber industry, inks, sealants and adhesives. For additional information on King products or our global network of technical sales representatives, please contact our primary offices as shown below.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS
King Industries, Inc. 1 Science Rd. Norwalk, CT 06852 Phone: 203-866-5551 Fax: 203-866-1268 Email: [email protected]
ASIA-PACIFIC OFFICE EUROPEAN OFFICE
Synlico Tech (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd. 106 Chuangye Building, Kang Le Ave. Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, China Phone: 86 760 88229866 Fax: 86 760 88229896 Email: [email protected]
King Industries, International Noordkade 64 2741 EZ Waddinxveen The Netherlands Phone: 31 182 631360 Fax: 31 182 621002 Email: [email protected]
Additional Information - Visit us at: www.kingindustries.com Detailed product data sheets for each product and performance reports are available by contacting the King offices as shown above or emailing; [email protected].
King Global Network
Pages 49 & 50
COATINGS TECHNICAL SUPORT
With decades of experience, King’s technical service and research scientists are ready to assist you in the development of your specific requirements for your particular formulations. From answering a quick ques-tion to collaborative development projects under secrecy agreements, we view intensive technical support of our products as the foundation of our business. Please contact as shown above if we can assist you.