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GENDER DIFFERENCESPRESENTED BY ANNE MALEY, OCTOBER 2013
Gender differences are not a case of superiority or inferiority .
There are things boys tend to do better than girls and vice versa
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Did you know?• Boys get the majority of D’s and failures, as high as 70%• Boys make up 80 % of the discipline problems• 80% of students diagnosed with behaviour problems are
boys• 80% of dropouts are boys• Males are about 40% of university population• Boys love “Did you Know?”
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Biological Differences
Girls
• Brains mature earlier and faster
• Brain at rest is in frontal lobes
• Hear better (35% better)
Boys
• Brain slower to mature
• Brain at rest is on the brain stem
• Hearing weaker- need a louder voice
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Hearing
-Babies- boys do not hear music as well as girl- they found in premature that if girl babies hummed Brahms lullabies they went home earlier than girls who were not hummed to – but there was no difference in boys
Unfortunately the difference in hearing becomes greater when they get older.
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Implication for Parenting
Girls• Talk softer to girls• Try not to raise your voice
Boys• Talk louder to boys-
become more expressive so they are understanding
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Visual system• Girls interpret facial expressions better that boys• Researchers found that baby girls are more interested in
looking at faces while baby boys were twice as likely to be interested in looking at the mobile
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Visual system
• Male retina is thicker than the female retina and has different types of cells so they see differently
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What this means?
• Girls are better at objects (What is it?)
• In Toys – girls prefer dolls
• Girls use warm colours in their drawings
• Girls draw nouns
• Boys are better at object location (Where is it?)
• Boys prefer trucks over dolls
• Boys prefer cool colours (blue, grey, silver, black)
• Boys draw verbs
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Implications for Parenting
• Provide girls with lots of colour crayons
• Accept the drawings and do not ask boys to add more colour because you are suggesting that there is something wrong with their art.
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Cognitive Processing
Girls
• More random information• Short time period• Multi-tasking• Longer attention span
Boys
• Very specific information• Store for longer periods of
time• Focused on one thing but
well (25% percent smaller corpus callosum)
• Shorter attention• Need more sensory-tactile
experience for brains to process
• Learn more outdoors/action
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Emotions and the Brain
Females• As girls mature, the brain activity associated with emotions moves out of the amygdala to the cerebral cortex.
• This means that as a girl gets older they can describe why they feel what they feel
Males• As boys mature, brain activity associated with emotions remains in the amygdala.
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Boys on Average• Take more risks• Show natural physical aggression• Rely heavily on nonverbal communication• Less able to verbalise feelings• Better spatial abilities and abstract reasoning such as
measuring
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Self-esteem
Girls• Underestimate their abilities
• In dangerous situations, girls are fearful
Boys• Over-estimate their abilities (think they are stronger than they are)
May be because our culture is always praising boys • In dangerous situations,
boys feel exhilarated
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Implications for Parenting
Help girls be more confident• Learned helplessness-shielding girls from injury makes them risk-averse- let girls explore the world- treat them like boys when they get an injury.
Keep our boys safe! • Supervise them!• Give boys guidance- get him a lesson on the ski hill before he starts
• Assert your authority (don’t argue, don’t negotiate- Just do it)
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Research suggests!• Boys who are deprived of ways to show natural
aggression grow up more violent that those who do no have a natural outlet
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Boys and Aggressive Play• Sports- give boys a natural outlet for their need for
aggressive play
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Boys and Girls in Math
Girls
• No area in brain for directions
• Need verbally to do well- talk (not just turn to text book and do)
• Struggle with spatial reasoning
Boys
• Have built in N/S/E/W
Geometry is easier for them. Can do flips/ turns etc
• Good at symbols and abstract thinking
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Girls need support in spatial reasoning
• Take girls of walks• Have girls copy complex patterns• Have girls build up- they will build houses- ask them to
build tall
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BOYS LEARN BY MOVEMENT!• Help boys by doing movement activities with
literacy - finger plays, move to sound,• Short books• Books that have moving parts- cars, motorcycles
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Literacy Facts• Boys reading performance lag behind girls by about 1.5
year---BUT that depends on the topic• When fathers take an active role in children’s reading they
do better• Having a man teacher in primary – reading skills go up
(even having a male read to the class)
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Boys like Books• Include books on humour• Reference books• Non-fiction
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Boys are social learners• Need to work with others boys• Group work• Boys need to be in small groups with other boys• Resist the temptation to have them read quietly
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Use of space
Girls
•Small amounts of space
Boys
•Take up a lot of room
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Discipline 2-4 year olds
Girls
• Gently correct- firmly We don’t slap
• How would that make you feel- if someone slapped you
• Time out – last resort
Boys
• Gently correct-We don’t slap”
• How do you feel – doesn’t usually work! Then time out (withdrawal from situation
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Good luck!