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General ElectricOrganizational Restructuring
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• Flexible organization• Creativity stage
Late 19th Century: The Edison Era
Early 20th Century
• Diverse but centred on the electrification program
• Virtual absence of competition
• Highly centralized corporate
firm
IntroductionBoundaryles
s Organizatio
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Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
on Digitization Conclusion
Post-war Growth and Difficulties
• In 1960s and 1970s GE grew in all fields
• Too large for its existing structures to accommodate• Classified into one of three categories--growth,
stability, or no-growth--to facilitate divestment of unprofitable units
• 1981, a period of radical change
• Return the control of the company to
the periphery
1981-2001: The Jack Welch Era
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GE's Restructuring
• The first wave: • "#1 or #2" objective• "three circle concept“
• Core • High-technology • Services
• The second wave• Cultural change | Globalization |
Leadership development |
• The third wave• Leadership development
WHY Boundaryless?
• Perfect for rapid innovation• Jack Welch in 1980s• Banish the barriers and restructure • Restructuring plan• Massive job cuts• Dismantled the 29 layers of hierarchy
and make GE an informal organization
IntroductionBoundaryles
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Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
on Digitization Conclusion
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Boundaryless Behaviour
• Integrated diversity• Open, anti-parochial environment• Friendly • Remove all barriers • Erase group labels such as "salaried",
"management" or "hourly"
PROS• employees,
managers, customers and suppliers can work together, share ideas and identify the best course for the organization.
CONS• structure clarifies
the roles for each member of an organization and dictates the amount of control each member possesses.
IntroductionBoundaryles
s Organizatio
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Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
on Digitization Conclusion
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• 50 years of globalization just after World War-II
• Innovation happened in USA, and then the new offerings were distributed everywhere
• Achieved incredible economies of scale
IntroductionBoundaryles
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Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
on Digitization Conclusion
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• Focused on winning market share by adapting global offerings to meet local needs
• However Innovation still existed only in USA
IntroductionBoundaryles
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Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
on Digitization Conclusion
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9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States cost GE's insurance business $600 million — and had a direct effect on the company's Aircraft Engines sector.
Global economic slowdown of 2001
Post- Enron wave of cynicism over corporate financial reporting
Digitization wave (.com)
Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
IntroductionBoundaryles
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Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
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• “In-country, for country.”
• Production is shifted to Local Countries
Local Innovation
• “In-country, for country”
• Production is shifted to local countries
Reverse Innovation
• The innovations originally chartered for poor countries were scaled and adapted for worldwide use
IntroductionBoundaryles
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Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
on Digitization Conclusion
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Decentralization of Structure
• To localize the business
• GE (India) needs to be innovative and cost effective
IntroductionBoundaryles
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Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
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Transportation
Aviation
Power
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2012 Analytics Era for 20 years
World power usage to
increase by 50%
1st step towards
digitization
IntroductionBoundaryles
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Globalization
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• Platform open to customers
• Helped for adaption to digital space
• Integration with energy sector
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Asset Performance Management (APM)• Analytics to decrease plant production cost and downtime
Operations Optimization (OO)• Plant performance and fleet productivity• Emission reduction using software
Business Optimization (BO)• Flight data analytics• Event Measurement System
GE Digital Team
IntroductionBoundaryles
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Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
on Digitization Conclusion
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IntroductionBoundaryles
s Organizatio
n
Globalization
Glocalization PESTEL Localization Diversificati
on Digitization Conclusion