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The Future: Flexible, Local &
Resilient Energy Generation
Robert P. Thornton
President & CEO
ResilienCity: the new urban paradigm Sustainable Buildings Canada-Green Building Festival
Toronto, ON October 2, 2014
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Agenda
• Introduction to IDEA and District Energy
• Energy Paradigm Shift - Case Example
• Emerging Drivers - Local Energy
• Resilient Energy Systems - Case Examples
• District Energy/Microgrids –
– Policy Trends
– Challenges & Opportunities
• Q&A
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• Formed in 1909 – 105 years in 2014
• 501(c)6 industry association
• Approx. 2000+ members in 26 nations
• 56% are end-user systems; majority in North America; growth in Middle East
• Downtown utilities; public/private colleges & universities; healthcare; industry, etc.
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District Energy/Microgrid –
Community Scale Energy Solution
• Underground network of pipes “combines” heating and cooling requirements of multiple buildings
• Creates a “market” for valuable thermal energy
• Aggregated thermal loads creates scale to apply fuels, technologies not feasible on single-building basis
• Fuel flexibility improves energy security, local economy
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Infrastructure for Local
Clean Energy Economy
• Connects thermal energy sources with users• Urban infrastructure – hidden community asset• Robust and reliable utility services• Energy dollars re-circulate in local economy
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District Energy Industry Growth
(Million sq ft customer bldg space connected/committed)
Aggregate SF reported since 1990 – 572,853,166 SF(Annual average 23.8 Million SF/Yr – North America)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
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“For the average coal plant, only 32% of the energy is converted to
electricity; the rest is lost as heat.”
-Page VI, Executive Summary
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Efficiency of US Power Generation
Power Engineering Magazine, November 2009
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Brayton Point Power Station, Somerset, MA – 1,537 MWPre-2011: Once-through cooling – Taunton River:Mount Hope Bay
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Brayton Point Cooling Towers – $570 Million in 2011
Total environmental compliance $1.1 billion since 2005.
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Somerset power plant put up for sale Boston Globe, Sept 7, 2012
Dominion Loss on Write-Downs; Core Improves… WSJ, Jan 31, 2013
Energy company Dominion Resources posts 4Q loss –The Virginian Pilot, Jan 31, 2013
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Brayton Point Power Station Closing: Massachusetts Coal-Fired Plant Shutting Down In 2017 – Providence Journal, Oct 8, 2013
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Combined Heat & Power
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AVEDORE 1 | 2
90+%
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Illustration, copyright AEI / Affiliated Engineers, Inc.
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Paradigm Shift
• lower cost natural gas impacting coal plants
In U.S., during the first half of 2012: • 165 new electric power generators installed • Totaling 8,100 megawatts (MW) new capacity• Of 165, 105 of those units under 25 MW and• Mostly renewable - solar, wind or landfill gas• Other factors - environmental compliance costs; poor load factor; low wholesale power costs and cheap natural gas
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Illustration, copyright AEI / Affiliated Engineers, Inc.
Future Proofing A More Resilient City
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GLOBAL
POPULATION
INCREASE
7B TODAY
UP TO 10B 2050
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URBANIZATION
70%-80% OF
POPULATION
2050
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EXTREME WEATHER SOURCE: WORLDWATCH INSTITUTE (MUNICH RE)
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820 mi diameter
Double the landfall size of
Isaac + Irene combined
Affected 21 states
(as far west as Michigan)
106 fatalities
SUPERSTORM SANDY:
BY THE NUMBERS
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8,100,000 homes lost power
57,000 utility workers from 30
states & Canada assisted Con
Edison in restoring power
Total estimated cost to date
$71 billion+ (dni lost business)
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INCREASING RESILIENCE WITH
LOCAL DISTRICT ENERGY/CHP
SYSTEMS
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South Oaks Hospital
(Long Island, NY) – 1.3 MW CHP
Hartford Hospital/Hartford Steam
(CT) – 14.9 MW CHP
Bergen County Utilities Wastewater
(Little Ferry, NJ) - 2.8 MW CHP
Nassau Energy Corp. District Energy
(Long Island, NY) – 57 MW CHP
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THE COLLEGE
OF NEW JERSEY
5.2 MW DE/CHP
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“Combined heat and power
allowed our central plant to
operate in island mode without
compromising our power supply.”
Lori Winyard, Director, Energy and
Central Facilities at TCNJ
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FAIRFIELD
UNIVERSITY
CONNETICUT
4.6 MW DE/CHP
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98% of the Town of Fairfield lost
power, university only lost power
for a brief period at storm’s peak
University buildings served as
“area of refuge” for off-campus
students
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CO-OP CITY
THE BRONXNEW YORK CITY
45 MW DE/CHP
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“City within a city”
60,000 residents, 330 acres, 14,000+
apartments, 35 high rise buildings
One of the largest housing
cooperatives in the world; 10th largest
“city” in New York State
40 MW Cogen plant maintained heat
and power throughout Sandy – back
fed Con Edison grid
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PRINCETON
UNIVERSITY
15 MW District Energy
CHP
STORM-TESTED
+PROVEN ANNUALLY
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CHP/district energy plant supplies all
heat, hot water, air conditioning, and
half of the electricity to campus of
12,000 students/faculty
"We designed it so the electrical
system for the campus could become
its own island in an emergency. It cost
more to do that. But I'm sure glad we
did.“
Ted Borer, Energy Manager, Princeton
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October 2011
Hurricane Irene
October 2012
Hurricane Sandy
Lights. Stayed. On.
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Production Capacity & Peak Demands
Princeton University
• Electricity Rating Peak Demand
– (1) Gas Turbine Generator 15 MW 27 MW
• Steam Generation
– (1) Heat Recovery Boiler 180,000 #/hr
– (2) Auxiliary Boilers 300,000#/hr 240,000 #/hr
• Chilled Water Plant
– (3) Steam-Driven Chillers 10,100 Tons
– (3) Electric Chillers 5,700 Tons 11,800 Tons
– (8) CHW Distribution Pumps 23,000 GPM 21,000 GPM
• Thermal Storage
– (2) Electric Chillers 5,000 Tons
– (1) Thermal Storage Tank 40,000 Ton-hours
• *peak discharge 10,000 tons (peak)
– (4) CHW Distribution Pumps 10,000 GPM
• Solar PV Farm 5.4 MWe
16,500 panels
11 hectares
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Economic Dispatch System
Economic
Dispatch
System
PJM Electric Price
NYMEX gas, diesel,
biodiesel prices
Current Campus
Loads
Weather Prediction
Production
Equipment
Efficiency &
Availability
“Business Rules”
Historical Data
Generate/Buy/Mix
Preferred Chiller &
Boiler Selections
Preferred Fuel
Selections
ICAP & Transmission
Warnings
Operating Display
Historical Trends
Live feedback
to Icetec
Operator
Action
Biodiesel REC value
& CO2 value
GT Inlet Cooling Mode
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How Much More Efficient isCombined Heat & Power?
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ge
ne
rato
r Si
mp
le E
ffic
ien
cy
Generator Power Output, MW
Gas Turbine Simple-Cycle EfficiencyOct 1, 2013 - Feb 14, 2014
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
Co
gen
Eff
icie
ncy
HRSG Steam Flow, M#/Hour
Cogeneration System Total EfficiencyOct 1, 2013 - Feb 14, 2014
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Princeton CHP/District Cooling Reduces
Peak Demand on Local Grid
Princeton Demand
Grid demand
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Princeton University PV Farm – Aug, 2012
16,500 PV panels generate up to
327 Watts each at 54.7 Volts DC
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Princeton University 5.4 MW Solar Farm
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Princeton University Microgrid
Benefit to Local Grid
During August peak: 100+ deg F; 80% RH
• 2005 campus peak demand on grid 27 MW• Implemented advance control scheme
• 2006 campus peak demand on grid 2 MW
• Microgrid “freed up” 25 MW to local grid
– reduces peak load on local wires
– avoids brownouts
– enhances reliability
– supports local economy
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MICROGRIDS:
LOCAL, RESILIENT AND
CLEAN ENERGY
INFRASTRUCTURE
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District Energy/CHP/Microgrid
Emerging Drivers
• Growing demand for greater grid reliability and resiliency
• Choice to deploy clean energy sources to help compete for high quality employers, factories, tenants
• Desire to expand local tax base & replace remote coal generation
• Flexibility to tap local energy supplies to improve trade balance & drive economic multiplier
• Cutting GHG emissions and addressing climate adaptation
• Local infrastructure advantages in extreme weather events
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What is a District Energy/Microgrid?
• Local “distributed” generation integrating CHP; thermal energy; electricity generation; thermal storage and renewables
• Located near load centers; customer density; often some mission-critical needs
• Robust, economic assets; 24/7/365
• CHP interconnected with regional & local grid
• Able to “island” in the event of grid failure
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Microgrid Resources Also Provide
• Diversity of generating locations– Reduced risk associated with transmission and
distribution failures
• Diversity of fuel sources
• Capacity, planned for local, critical loads
• Thermal energy for district heating, cooling
• Redundancy in case of grid failures– Small, localized failures instead of regional failures
• Voltage stability
• Frequency stability
• Wave form stability
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Simple Microgrid Concept
Central Utility Power Station
KWH
Utility Meter
Synchronizing Isolation Breaker
Local Generator
Local Power
Demands
KWH
Utility Meter
Isolation Breaker Local
Power Demands
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Microgrid Options
Central Utility Power Station
KWH
Utility Meter
GT, Diesel, Micro-turbine
reciprocating gas engine, solar PV, wind, micro-hydro…
Battery or flywheel
Economic Dispatch
Synchronizing Isolation Breaker
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Microgrids Add Grid Reliability
Central Utility Power Station
KWH
Utility Meter
Synchronizing Isolation Breaker
Local Generator
KWH
Utility Meter
Isolation Breaker
KWH
Utility Meter
Local Generator
KWH
Utility Meter
Synchronizing Isolation Breaker
Local Generator
Synchronizing Isolation Breaker
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Why Build A Microgrid?
• Benefits for the Owner
– Enhanced Reliability and Resiliency
– Cost Reduction
– Environmental
• Benefits for the ISO
– Reduction in LMP Cost
– Increase Capacity Supply
– Reduction in Transmission Needs
– Reduction in Marginal Losses
– Rapid Frequency Regulation
– Spinning Reserve
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Why Build A Microgrid?
• Benefits to the Local Economy – Enhanced Reliability/Resiliency – Reduce business
interruption risk
– Areas of Refuge for Citizens/First Responder Support
– Power for Local Critical Infrastructure • Hospitals, Gas Stations, Police & Fire, Waste Water
Treatment Plants
• Benefits to Local Electric Distribution Utility– Reduced Peak Load
• Problems for Local Electric Distribution Utility– Loss of Revenue
– Interconnection Issues
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Multi-Building Microgrids
• Microgrids not recognized as a unique class of grid resources
• They are under-utilized and under-compensated for– Providing energy and auxiliary services– Contributing to reliability and availability– Ability to quickly balance intermittent renewables
• They face state regulatory hurdles including:– Limits on servicing multiple customers– Limits on serving multiple properties of the same
customer– Limits on partnering with third party developers
• The current utility business model provides disincentives to customer efficiency and flexibility
• Currently, MUSH market represents “best in class”
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MICROGRIDS:
ENHANCED
EFFICIENCY
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DE/CHP Microgrid Best Practices
• Fully integrated load monitoring, forecasting
• Parallel operation with real time price signals and optimization strategies (make/buy)
• Ancillary services to grid – capacity; VAR support
• Integrate thermal energy for optimal efficiency
• Chilled water thermal storage enhances grid relief; operating flexibility; cost avoidance
• Fuel purchasing and flexibility strategies
• Customer optimization; efficiency support
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Emerging Policy Trends
• States and Cities acting on microgrid deployment
– New York State - $40 M microgrid program
– Connecticut - 1st phase $20 M; 2nd phase $20 M
– New Jersey - $30 M microgrid deployment
– Massachusetts - $32 M financing
• City of Boston developing Microgrid Regulatory Strategy
• US DOE Technical Application Centers (TAPs) supporting deployment nationally
• National advocacy groups forming to improve market access for microgrids (MRC)
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United Nations Environment Program
District Energy in Cities Initiative
• Launched 9/22 United Nations Climate Summit, UN General Assembly, New York
• UN Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) Global Energy Efficiency Initiatives - District Energy Accelerator
• Deploy district heating/cooling in cities to increase energy efficiency, cut emissions
• Mentor, share, pair – best practices
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'Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has.'
Margaret Mead
Rob Thornton [email protected]
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You’re invited…
Please visit www.decanada.ca