Galileo's most famous invention. His telescope lead to other of his inventions.
The Telescope
Galileo’s calculating compass helped him with math, geometry and astronomy
Calculating Compass
He is responsible for finding the four largest satellites of Jupiter with his telescope
Astronomy
Compared the Copernican System with the Ptolemaic System
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
First to observe the craters on the moon through a telescope and phases.
The Moon
His theory was that two objects will fall at the same speed. So it is said that he went up to the leaning tower of Pisa and dropped two items from the top of the tower.
His Theory
"Biography." The Volume Library. Nashville, TN: Southwestern, 1996. 249b. Print.