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GAIT ANALYSIS
Amy Bennett
Gait• Propulsion• Walking vs. running
Running Season• Experienced to novice • Upto 70%• Full body movement
Overuse Injuries• Recovery & regression• Anatomical alignment, muscular strength, & flexibility
What & Why
PHASES: FIRST
Heel Strike
Foot Flat
Mid-Stance
Heel-off
Toe-off
Stance
Biological movements/actions:• hip & knee flexion (swing into…)• dorsiflexion
Muscle Implications:• Quads / calves• Anterior tib / extensor hallicus longus / the extensor digitorum longus
What to look for:• slouching forward/ lack of bend in hip/knees• slapping of foot on ground
Heel Strike
Resistance Band dorsiflexion exercises
Seated toe lifts
Lack of Flexion (knee / hip):
Plyo ball hip swingstrengthening of hip adductors
** DROP foot: paralysis of ankle/foot dorsiflexors *** NOT the same
• nerve problem (common peroneal nerve sciatic nerve)
• lumbar injury, disc hernia, hip fracture, injury to knee, compartment syndrome … etc.
• most times must be referred out / more extensive medical care needed
Slap Foot:
PREVENTION EXERCISES:
Flat Foot:
Biological movements/actions:• beginning of hip & knee extension• plantarflexion • stabilization of trunk
Muscle Implications:• hamstring / glutes(max)• gastroc/soleus• erector spinae
What to look for:• “limp running” – improper shifting of weight
Biological movements/actions:• hip & knee extension• plantarflexion/ supination
Muscle Implications:• gluteus medius/ hip abductors• gastroc / soleus
What to look for:• Trendelenburg gait• knee remaining in flexion / overpronation (dramatic)
MID – STANCE:
PREVENTION EXERCISES
Knee / hip/ erector spinae Extension:Plyo Ball resistance knee extension
Standing dynamic one legged take offsGlute bridges
Plyo ball back extensions
Trendelenburg Gait: (bad – refer out for therapy)Hip abduction exercises (side lying / standing lateral raises)
Side step downs (gluteus medius)Lateral band walks
Overpronation: (bad – refer out for therapy)inversion Resistance band
Trigger point
Biological movements/actions:• beginning of knee flexion / hip hyperextension• plantarflexion/ supination
Muscle Implications:• iliopsoas / glutes (max) (hyperextension)• gastroc / soleus
What to look for:• lack of hyperextension (low back pain)• over supination (rare) (knee / hip lateral rotation)
HEEL - OFF
Biological movements/actions:• knee flexion / beginning of hip flexion• plantarflexion
Muscle Implications:• quads / calves• knee flexors (biceps femoris…)
What to look for:• lack of flexion of knee (drag)
TOE - OFF
Knee & Hip flexion• Plyoball Hip Swing
• strengthening of hip adductors
Oversupination•Towel foot grabs
• eversion resistance band• trigger point
PREVENTION EXERCISES
Swinging Phases
Initial / Acceleration swing
Mid Swing
Terminal / deceleration swing
PHASES: SECOND
Swing Phase
Biological movements/actions:• knee flexion / hip flexion some extension
• dorsiflexion less dorsiflexion actually proven to decrease strain on ant. Tibialis & calves
Muscle Implications:• quads / calves
• knee/ hip flexors
What to look for:• lack of hip flexion (externally rotated) strengthen adductors
• lack of heel to buttocks motion strengthen hamstrings• locked out knee in terminal swing ( hamstring strains) jumping/ soft landing exercises
RECOMMENDATIONS…
Running Mechanics and Gait Analysis By Ferber, Reed, Macdonald, Shari
- Anatomical alignment, - ground force reactions, - Eccentric/concentric muscles at work- common overuse injuries- Muscle imbalances- Muscle flexibility- Gait analysis
THANK YOU