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FUNCTIONAL GROUPS• MEMORIZE THEM: Figure 4.10– Hydroxyl •amino •methyl– Carbonyl •sulfhydryl– Carboxyl •phosphate
• ___________ makes them water soluble (hydrophilic)
• ____________makes them not water soluble (hydrophobic)
• These functional groups are most likely involved in ______________________like dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis, etc.
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Tuesday, October 8, 2013
• What are we doing today?– Finish Peer Teaching– Lipids and Carbohydrate notes
• Homework:• REVIEW USING TARGETS, BOOK, AND WIKI
Write all you know about a target to start!!!
Use book and wiki to fill in the gaps.
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SYNTHESIS & BREAKDOWN OF POLYMERS• Monomers are joined to form polymers by
_________________________(condensation) reactions• Dehydration synthesis is a type of _________________!
ENZYMES ARE INVOLVED TO
SPEED UP RATE OF RXN & LOWER
RXN ACTIVATION ENERGY
ENERGY IN
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SYNTHESIS & BREAKDOWN OF POLYMERS• Polymers are disassembled to form
monomers by hydrolysis reactions• Hydrolysis is a type of catabolism!
ENZYMES ARE INVOLVED TO SPEED UP RATE OF RXN &
LOWER RXN ACTIVATION
ENERGYENERGY
OUT
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TARGET IV: MASTERY OF MACROMOLECULESCARBOHYDRATES = POLYSACCHARIDES
I. Monomer unit = MONOSACCHARIDEA. General formula: CnH2nOnB. Most end in ________C. Have carbonyl & hydroxyl groupsD. Position of carbonyl group produces two
classes of _______________________ :1. ALDDOSE if carbonyl is at the END of C chain2. KETONE if carbonyl is in the middle of C chain
3. See fig 5.3E. Name of monosaccharide determined by # of
carbons in chain: Hexose = ____, Pentose = _____, triose = ____
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MORE MONOSACCHARIDE STUFF…• Structural isomers are common among
monosaccharides and different structures imply…
• Sugars in solution form rings (See figure 5.4)
• Disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined by condensation reactions: a.k.a. dehydration synthesis (see figure 5.5)– Covalent bond between monosaccharides is
called a ____________________________• Name examples of monosaccharides…• Name examples of disaccharides…
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POLYSACCHARIDES• Functions of polysaccharides include…• Consist of ______________________to several
thousand monosaccharides joined by … creating bonds called…
• Function of polysaccharide is determined by type of monomer unit and position of glycosidic linkage
• Plants produce _____________in two different forms:– Amylose (see figure 5.6a)– Amylopectin– How are forms similar? Different?
• Animals produce & store CHO as _________________ in their liver (figure 5.6b)
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MORE POLYSACCHARIDES…• How are plant and animal polysaccharides
similar? Different?• Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide– Produced by plants, used in cell walls (figure
5.8)– Cellulose differs from starch in TWO ways:• ________________________________• Isomer of glucose (fig 5.7a, b)
–Different glycosidic bonds between glucose monomers make ________________ of cellulose polymer difficult• Can you digest cellulose? Why or why not?• Can a horse or other herbivores? How?• Ruminant digestion, sheep chew cud, too
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LAST ONE FOR POLYSACCHARIDES…
• Chitin is a structural CHO similar to cellulose with an extra N-containing appendage (figure 5.10)– Found in the exoskeleton of arthropods–Makes arthropods crunchy (and delicious)–Do you know the name of any arthropods?
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LIPIDSDiverse group of macromolecules
Some types of lipids DO NOT have ‘monomer’ unit building blocksALL lipids, to some extent, are
_______________ (water-fearing) and therefore have non-polar regions within their structure.What functional group(s) is (are) non polar?Examples: steroids, fats, & phospholipids
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FATS (TRIGLYCERIDES) FIGURES 5.11 & 5.12Function as long term energy storage. Where is the energy
‘stored’ in a fat polymer?Building blocks (monomers) are ______________(3C) and
________________(16-18C)Glycerol is joined to each fatty acid (at carboxyl group) by
dehydration synthesis. How many dehydration events are required to make fat?
Two types of fatty acids_________________ - all carbons have single bond; animal fats = solid at room temp. (BUTTER, LARD, BACON GREASE)__________________ - two carbons in chain joined by double bond; plant fats = liquid at room temp. (OLIVE OIL, CORN OIL)
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PHOSPHOLIPIDS FIGURES 5.13 & 5.14Major component of cell membranes
Building blocks (_______________) are one hydrophilic head and two
hydrophobic tails___________________ ‘self-assemble’
when placed in water to form either a micelle OR a phospholipid bilayer
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PHOSPHOLIPIDS FIGURE 5.13
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