Full transition to terrestrial digital broadcasting
in Japan
November 2011Information and Communications Bureau,
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
1 Full migration to digital terrestrial broadcasting in Japan
① Digital technology enables more effective use of a spectrum
② Japanese broadcast systems are among the most technologically advanced in the world
I Introduction of digital terrestrial broadcasting in Japan
II Key points
◎ Collaboration between broadcasters, manufacturers, government and other relevant parties
① Promoting uptake of digital receivers via schemes such as the Eco point program
② Addressing reception issues, such as building shadows and recent interference problems
③ Providing support strategies, such as advice lines and financial assistance to help low-income households acquire digital receivers
1
Promotes safety and convenience in society(more effective use of free spectrum)
Boosts user convenience and enjoyment(more advanced broadcast services)
Picture clarity is around five times better than analog
The vivid picture clarity of HiVision is particularly noticeable on sports broadcasts and programs featuring scenic views
Datacasting can be used to provide information in real time
Using a remote control,
updates.
Using a remote control, viewers can access the latest information, such as weather reports, news and sports updates.
Access to broadcast services for elderly people and people with hearing difficulties
(subtitling provided as standard)
Can record up to one week’s worth of programs with a single button
(electronic program guide (EPG))
Excellent picture quality from mobile reception, even in transit
(one-seg mobile reception)
Digital television broadcasting uses about 30% less spectrum than analog→ Frees up the spectrum for other services
Encourages expansion of mobile phone services
Provides much-needed additional frequencies that can be used to develop better mobile phone services
Encourages development of new broadcast services
Mobile multimedia broadcasting services that provide access to TV programming anywhere, anytime
Reducing road accidents(vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems
designed to prevent simple collisions)
Disaster response and first-aid services(seamless video and data transfer during
disaster response and first aid operations)
歩きながら…
電車の中でスポーツ観戦…いつでも
どこでも
1 0 1 1 0 ・ ・ ・
1 0 1 1 0 ・ ・ ・
携帯端末向けモバイル番組
災害情報 ニュース
携帯端末向けモバイル番組
災害情報 ニュース
1-1① Benefits of digital broadcast technology
Programs for mobile devices
Disaster updates
News
Watching a sports event on the train…
Out and about…
Anywhere, anytime
2
1-1② Digitization of Terrestrial Television Broadcasting: Major Developments
Oct.1998 Government announces plan for digitization of terrestrial broadcasting(Report by the Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting Council)
Jul. 2001 After the revision of the Radio Act (formulated on June 8), it was decidedthat July 24, 2011, would mark the end of analog broadcasting and thedigitization of terrestrial broadcasting
Dec. 1, 2003 Start of terrestrial digital broadcasting in the three major metropolitan areas
Apr. 1, 2006 Start of one-segment broadcasting service
Dec. 1, 2006 Start of terrestrial broadcasting in all prefectures
Jul. 22, 2011 Extended the deadline of Analog broadcasting until March 31, 2012 in 3 Tohoku Prefecture(Iwate,Miyagi,Fukushima)
Jul. 24, 2011 Termination of analog broadcasting
3
1-1③ Schedule for Digitization
December 2003Start of digital broadcasting
▼
1. Schedule in Japan
Digital broadcasting
Analog broadcasting ▼July 24, 2011End of analog broadcasting
2. Schedule in other countries (end of analog broadcasting)
Already ended: Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, United States, Denmark, Norway, Spain
2011: Canada, France2012: United Kingdom, Korea Etc.
4
90-108MHz(1-3ch)
170-222MHz(4-12ch)
470-770MHz(13-62ch)
Analog TVbroadcasting
Analog TV broadcasting
Analog & digitalTV broadcasting
【In and after 2011 】Allocation for TV
Broadcasting—a total bandwidth of 240 MHz
【Current state of frequency utilization 】
Allocation for TV broadcasting- a total bandwidth of 370 MHz
-New developments in broadcasting
(multimedia broadcasting)-Application for disaster control,
etc.(1-12ch)
-Improvement of mobilephone service
-Realization of a societywith safer road transport
(ITS)(53-62ch)
Digital TV broadcasting
(13-52ch)
70MHz bandwidth 60MHz bandwidth
90 108 170 222 710 770
1-1④ Effective Use of Radio Frequencies in Japan
240MHz bandwidth
5
Expansion of new broadcasting
Multimedia broadcasting
Utilization in disaster prevention, etc.
Realization of a safer road traffic society (ITS)
Enhancement of mobile phone services
Realize new broadcasting that provides various kinds of information to mobile terminals
• Make it possible to watch television “whenever and wherever”
• Possible to definitely receive disaster information even during disasters
• Possible to provide detailed local information
Broadband mobile communications system necessary for realizing a safe and secure society
• Visual information of accident and disaster sites(Disaster areas and evacuation centers ⇔
headquarters for disaster control)
• Image information and data related to the condition of emergency patients(Emergency vehicles, actual sites ⇔
hospitals, physicians)
• Information and data necessary for giving commands for on-site responses(Headquarters for disaster control ⇔
actual site, vehicles)
Secure radio waves for accident prevention systems right before they occur
• Avoid collision accidents at intersections with poor visibility
(Communication between vehicles)
• Avoid rear-end accidents based on provision of information from roadside communication devices, etc.
(Communication between the road and vehicles)
Based on the above, prevent traffic accidents before they occur
Aim at the institutionalization by ITS world congress of October, 2013.
Support the radio-wave needs of mobile phones, which continue to increase
• Even more people can use mobile phones
• Advanced functions, such as transmission of large amounts of data, can be realized
Based on the above, use of mobile phones is even more convenient
More convenient and safer in life
Notification based on a
warningbuzzer
1-1⑤ Realization of New Services That Use Radio Waves
Fire-fighting / First aid
Disaster counter-measures, etc.
Maintenance of security
Directive bureau
Directive bureau
Directive bureau
Control center
歩きながら…
電車の中でスポーツ観戦…いつでも
どこでも
1 0 1 1 0 ・ ・ ・
1 0 1 1 0 ・ ・ ・
携帯端末向けモバイル番組
災害情報 ニュース
携帯端末向けモバイル番組
災害情報 ニュース
Whenever, wherever
Mobile programs for mobile terminals
Disaster information
News
Watch sports in trains…
While walking…
6
1-2① Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting standards in the world
ISDB-T(Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial)
ATSC(Advanced Television Systems Committee)
DVB-T/T2(Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial/Terrestrial2)
DTMB(Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast)
Japan (ISDB-T)(Launched in Dec. 2003)
Peru (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Apr. 2009)(Launched in Mar.2010)
Costa Rica (ISDB-T)(Adopted in May. 2010)
Chile (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Sep. 2009)
Ecuador (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Mar. 2010)
Venezuela (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Oct. 2009)
Argentina (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Aug. 2009)(Launched in Apr.2010)
Philippines (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Jun. 2010)
As of Oct. 2011
Bolivia (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Jul. 2010)
Paraguay (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Jun. 2010)(Launched in Aug.2011)
Uruguay (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Dec. 2010)
Brazil (ISDB-T)(Adopted in Jun. 2006)(Launched in Dec.2007)
Republic of Maldives(Adopted in Oct. 2011)
(state-owned broadcaster)
7
System
Characteristics
Japan(ISDB-T)
EU(DVB-T)
USA(ATSC)
Transmission System
Fixed TV + Mobile TV with one transmitter
by one Bandwidth
In serviceNot available
(Need additional Transmitter for Mobile TV)
→Double investment
Not available(Need additional Transmitter for
Mobile TV)→Double investment
High Robustness
against noiseExcellent
Well experiencedMedium Poor
Emergency Warning
Broadcasting System
In service Not In service Not In service
Royalty of Middle-ware Free Charged No info
Bandwidth
For fixed TV
For mobile TV
Frequency
1-2② Comparison among Digital TV systems
Multi-Carrier
Single-Carrier
Bandwidth
Multi-Carrier
Bandwidth
8
1-2③ Japanese Standard Has Various Attractive capabilities !!
HDTV Interactive TV
High quality imageand sound service
Mobile TV Service
Data Broadcasting
Useful data information anytime
Emergency WarningBroadcasting System
Warning signals
EvacuationInstructionsEvacuationInstructions
Emergency
Emergency Warning!
Emergency
People receive an Emergency Warning in case of disasters anytime anywhere.
DataSDTV Multi-program Service
Realization of multi-SDTV program service in 1ch bandwidth
Communication services linked to TV
High Robustness with Time Interleaving
Time interleave technology realizes high robustness against noise.
Both HDTV/SD multi TV and mobile TV can be broadcasted in 1 CH bandwidth with 1 transmitter
1CH bandwidth
One transmitter
One CH bandwidth
Japanese Standard Only
! !
9
2 Point of digitization
【Biggest Point】
○ Collaboration between broadcasters, manufacturers, government and other relevant parties
【 Three points to facilitate the digitization】
① Promoting uptake of digital receivers via schemes such as Eco points
② Addressing reception issues such as building shadows and recent interference problems
③ Providing support strategies such as advice lines and financial assistance to help low-income households acquire digital receivers
10
Name
National Conference for the Promotion of Terrestrial
Digital
National Council for the Promotion of Terrestrial
Digital Broadcasting
The Association for Promotion of Digital Broadcasting (Dpa)
Founded May 2003 July 2001 April 2007
Members
NHK127 commercial television broadcasters Representatives from broadcasting industry groups, manufacturers, retailers, consumer groups, local government, economic groups, media, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
NHK127 commercial television broadcastersMinistry of Internal Affairs and Communications
NHK127 commercial television broadcastersDigital receiver manufacturersetc..
Role
The conference, made up of leading representatives from a variety of fields, is charged with promoting broad-based public-driven initiatives designed to boost the uptake of terrestrial digital broadcasting services
The council, made up of broadcasters and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, deliberates on issues (mainly for broadcasters) related to the switch to digital
Dpa consists mainly of broadcasters and manufacturers and is involved in initiatives designed to facilitate the transition from analog to digital broadcasting by promoting the uptake of terrestrial digital broadcasting and BS digital broadcasting, as well as associated work
2-1① Role of terrestrial digital broadcasting industry groups 11
2-1② Screen transition toward ASO in Japan (after 7/1)
From 1st of July to 24 of July
Periodical shows ASO information screen
After noon on 24th of JulyShift to blue‐backed ASO information screen
(ASO by 24 o’clock of 24th of July)
25th July~
Countdown information
XX days by ASO
ご覧のアナログ放送の番組は
本日正午に終了しました。
今後はデジタル放送をお楽しみください。
【お問い合わせ】
◆ 総務省 地デジコールセンター
0570-07-0101
◆ ○○○視聴者センター
××××-××-××××
ご覧のアナログ放送の番組は
7月24日に終了します。
デジタル放送の準備をお急ぎください。
【お問い合わせ】
総務省 地デジコールセンター
0570-07-0101
(平日 9時~21時 土日祝 9時~18時)
12
04 05 06 07 08 09 10 110
2
4
6
8
2003
1
3
5
7
9
10
11
2-2① Targets and Actual State of Penetration of Receivers that Support Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting
Switch offof analog
0
1
2
3
4
5
2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
Survey results90.3%
(Sept. 2010)
Penetration target91%
(Sept. 2010)
Targets and actual results for number of receivers
Targets and actual results for number of households
Num
ber o
f hou
seho
lds
(tens
of m
illion
hou
seho
lds)
Year
Survey results
94.9%(Dec. 2010)
Penetration target96%
(Dec. 2010)
Actual number of receivers
117,320,000receivers(May. 2011)
Penetration target95,900,000 receivers
(May. 2011)
Switch offof analog
Year
Num
ber o
f rec
eive
rs (t
ens
of m
illion
s of
rece
iver
s)
Areas in which direct reception is possibleAwareness of timing of switch off of analog
(March 2007) 60.4%
(March 2008) 64.7%
(March 2009) 89.6%
(March. 2010) 91.3%
(December 2010) 92.8%
(Dec. 2003) Approx. 25% of all households
(Dec. 2006) Approx. 84% of all households
(Dec. 2008) Approx. 96% of all households
(Dec. 2010) Approx. 98% of all households
(Source) ・ The households penetration rate and awareness of timing of switch off to analog are based on Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications “Penetration Survey Concerning Terrestrial Digital Television Broadcasting” (December 2010)
・ The number of receivers is based on research by JEITA and Japan Cable Laboratories at the end of September 2010.
Total shipment amount of special receivers
Shipment amount of mobile phones that support one-segment (April 2011) 114,660,000 units
Shipment amount of in-car terrestrial digital broadcasting receivers (May 2011)
6,640,000 units
13
97.8%97.4%97.3%97.2%97.1%96.9%96.8%96.8%
96.7%96.7%96.4%96.3%96.1%96.0%95.6%95.5%95.5%95.5%95.4%95.3%95.3%95.1%95.1%95.1%94.9%94.8%94.7%94.7%94.4%94.1%93.9%93.8%93.7%93.6%93.6%93.4%93.3%92.3%92.2%92.2%91.8%91.6%91.4%90.8%90.7%89.9%88.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Mie
Gifu
Nigata
Chiba
Oita
Miyazaki
Wakayam
aAichi
Yamanashi
Hyou
goFukuoka
Tochigi
Toyama
Yamaguchi
Nara
Kagawa
Tottori
Kumam
oto
Tokyo
Kyoto
Nagano
Saita
ma
Akita
Hiroshim
aShizu
oka
Yamagata
Fukui
Kanagawa
Shiga
Okayama
Hukushim
aKo
chi
Gun
ma
Osaka
Ehim
eSaga
Iwate
Kagoshim
aHo
kkaido
Ibaraki
Nagasaki
Shim
ane
Tokushim
aAo
mori
Miyagi
Ishikawa
Okinawa
8.9 point
(Note) As this data is statistical data, there are expected to be differences to some extent. The rough standard for this difference is approximately ±3 to 8% in accordance with the sample number.
2-2② Households Penetration Rate of Terrestrial Digital Receivers (Dec. 2010 Penetration Survey) – By Prefecture – 14
129.6%147.1%163.5%174.2%
320.5%
505.3%
65.3%84.6%
110.6% 92.6%
146.2%180.2%
0.0%
50.0%
100.0%
150.0%
200.0%
250.0%
300.0%
350.0%
400.0%
450.0%
500.0%
6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月
2-2③ Purchasing Support for Digital Televisions Based on Use of the households Appliance Eco-Point System
• In order to switch off analog broadcasting as planned in July 2011, purchasing support for digital televisions was carried out by making use of the eco-point system from May 2009 to March 2011.
• For smooth implementation of the program the number of points was reduced by half from December 1 last year. And only replacement products with a five-star rating are eligible as of January 1 this year (discontinued recycling points).
• Purchase deadline is end of March 2011 and point application deadline is end of May 2011. The deadline to redeem Eco-points is March 2012.
Shifts in Actual Shipments of Terrestrial Digital TVs in Japan (JETIA statistics)
■ Jun. 2010 to May. 2011
(Note): The top row represents the shipment amount and the bottom represents the year-on-year change
5% of product purchase price + Recycling cost
For TVs only, 5% added
TVs that support terrestrial digital broadcasting
Purchase of products with a uniform energy-saving rating of 5☆(product with a 4☆ rating or more until last year)
46 V or higher 17,000 (Until Nov 2010 ¥36,000)42 V, 40 V 11,000 ( 〃 ¥23,000)37 V 8,000 ( 〃 ¥17,000)32 V, 26 V 6,000 ( 〃 ¥12,000)Less than 26 V 4,000 ( 〃 ¥ 7,000)
Limit to recycling (replacing)(Was not limited to recycling (replacing) until last year)
-(If recycling (replacing) until last year +¥3,000)
<Example of number of eco-points (TVs that support terrestrial digital broadcasting)>
Global warming countermeasures(CO2 reductions)
Economic measures (Economic stimulation)
Penetration of TVs that support terrestrial
digital broadcasting
Penetration of “green” households appliances through utilizing eco-points
Air conditioners Refrigerators TVs that support terrestrial digital broadcasting
Eco-points
+
Shifts in Number of Flat-Screen TVs Sold and Year-on-Year Changes(BCN statistics)
Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
1,622,000(148.3%)
1,640,000(139.0%)
1,710,000(167.1%)
2,185,000(192.1%)
2,833,000(244.6%)
3,961,000(260.0%)
3,874,000(162.0%)
1,439,000(129.4%)
1,622,000(116.6%)
2,153,000(97.1%)
1,719,000(124.4%)
1,611,000(128.1%)
Jun.
Jul.
Aug
.
Sep
t.
Oct
.
Nov
.
Dec
.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar
.
Apr
.
May
.
■ Jun. 2010 to May. 2011
15
(4) Direct reception
(2) Shared audio and video reception equipment for housing complexes
(3) Shared audio and video reception equipment as a measure against poor reception (behind buildings, etc.)
- Coordination among relevant parties
(1) Remote area audio and video reception equipment
・Upgrades for digitization by CATV company
(5) Cable television
(Digital reception possible / Remove some equipment)
(Difficulty in watching digital broadcasts / Leave as is, upgrade required)
* The number of households overlap as “housing complexes” that receive broadcasts include those based on “green TVs.” The number of households with direct reception is an estimated value.
2-3① Support of Digitization by Viewing Pattern
Installation of digital receivers
(Approx. 23,200,000 households)
Approx. 2,140,000 facilities (Approx. 20,700,000 households) Approx. 89,000 facilities
(Approx. 8,300,000 households)
Approx. 20,000 facilities (Approx. 1,400,000 households)
(Approx. 25,700,000 households)
Upgrade of wiring equipment, etc.
Addition of UHF antenna, etc.
Upgrade of wiring equipment, etc.
Addition of UHF antenna, etc. Upgrade of facilities
Relocation of antenna
Upgrade of equipment
Equipment that is installed in areas with poor reception due to airwaves being blocked by structures such as buildings, as a measure against poor reception by the owner of the applicable building, etc.
Equipment that is installed for the purpose of distributing airwaves to each unit by constructing a community antenna that receives airwaves on the roof of a housing complex
Equipment that is installed in areas where airwaves are blocked due to mountains and hills, as a measure to resolve difficulties in viewing broadcasts
Addition of UHF antenna, etc.
Upgrade of headend, etc.
- Consensus formation regarding upgrade by resident management cooperatives
Antenna for terrestrial analog broadcasting
On-premise equipment
households boosterDigital tuner
Analog TV
Digital TV
Distributor
On-premise equipment Television
terminal
Television terminal
Addition of UHF antenna, etc.
16
2-3② Countermeasures for Cliff Effect
There are some areas where digital TV cannot be watched, while Analog TV can barely be watched, due to the new type of poor reception.
Digital TV broadcasting has the characteristics that received power level weakens rapidly in the poor electric field area due to the terrain, the “Cliff effect”.
There are some areas where digital TV cannot be watched, while Analog TV can barely be watched.
High ---- Electric field level ---- Low Cliff effect image
Digital TV
Analog TV
High ---- Electric field level ---- Low
High ---- Electric field level ---- Low
AnalogD
igital
Reception condition
Low (due to the terrain)
Analog : reception OKDigital : reception OK
Analog : reception OK (barely)Digital : reception NG
Goo
d --
Imag
e qu
ality
--P
oor
17
2-4① “DigiSuppo” (MIC DTV Support Center)
②Support the digitalization of facilities (facilities hidden behind a building, apartment buildings )
④To senior citizens and Publicity
①Consultation and Survey of reception
③Measures for reception improvement against cliff effect
(newly arose watching difficulties, digital interference, repack)
○Toward the full transition to the digital terrestrial TV broadcasting, a total of 51 support offices have been set up at the prefecture level to promote digitalization.
Telephone consultation service○Technical consultation that meets the local needs
Field consultation(survey of reception)
○Survey of reception by individual consultation
○Reception error, watching difficulties,
Survey of reception for special cases
Consultation and support
○Support for the households to solve their watching difficulties
Offer a subsidy
○(newly arose watching difficulties)
High performance antenna, promote the building of new common receiving facilities
○(digital interference, repack)renovation by restructuring
Administrator of building and management company
Offer a subsidy
○promote digitalization for facilities hidden behind a building and apartment buildings.
○ promote reception at the households level in places hidden behind buildings
○comprehensive consulting and legal consultation by a lawyer to support digitalization for families
To senior citizens○Door-to-door visit by local electric goods stores
○Temporary Q&A sections for digital TV (from June)
○Holding consultation meeting by request
Publicity
○newspapers and local papers
○brochures and posters
Total 51 offices at the prefecture level
Transmitter(Interference)
(Behind the mountains)
Relay station
18
2-4② Digital Terrestrial TV Tuner Support for low-income households
Ⅰ.Support for the families exempted from the entire NHK reception fee (budget for fiscal 2009, 2010, 2011
Analog TV
UHFantenna +setting up
Tuner+manual
Support center
Visit・setting up
Ⅱ Support for residential tax-exempt households (except families covered in I)(supplemental budget for fiscal 2010, budget for fisical 2011)
Analog TV
Sending tuner
Support center
Telephone support
【To】households that have not shifted to digital and are
exempted from entire NHK reception fee that meet the following requirements ;
○ households on a welfare benefit
○ Residential tax-exempt households including a person with a disability person
○ households living in social welfare facilities
○ households subject to Disaster Relief Law*start accepting from 13 May, 2011
【Support】Free simple tuners (set up by visit)
+(if necessary)antenna renovation
【To】households that have not shifted to digital and for
which residential tax of all the family members are exempted. (except families covered in I) 【Support】
Free simple tuner + telephone support
19
“DigiSuppo”(MIC DTV Support Center) supports each activities above
・operate nationwide from January 2011(400 thousand volunteers in June 2011)・Cooperation from groups such as: boy scouts, mothers club, municipal groups, volunteer groups, social workers )・promotion for digitalization, hand out leaflets・convenience stores(LAWSON, approx.8,600 stores)also helps・introducing digital TV support office
People who haven’t switched to digitalization like elderly people
and disabled people
Temporary Q&A counter for digital TV ・From 15 May to 26 August (for 2 months)・1,600 locations around Japan (set up at local government
office, etc.) ・individual face‐to‐face consultations (800 locations) and
introduction of MIC digital TV support center and retail shop,etc.
※ When there is a special inquiry for volunteers and Temporary Q&A counter for digital TV, it will be conveyed it to MIC Digital TV support center for the answer.
Door-to-door visit by digital TV supporters ‐20,000 “digital TV supporters” consisted of local electric goods shops and cable TV operators support the switch to digital‐They visited 1.9 million households in 2009 and 2010
Digital terrestrial TV call center
・Strengthen the consultation system for accepting the increasing call volume・185 operators(December,2010)→370 (June,2011)→Maximum 1,200 operators(July,2011) (operated 24
hours from late July) →200 operators(August,2011)(weekdays 9:00‐21:00,weekends and holidays 9:00‐18:00)
Digital terrestrial TV volunteer activity
2-4③ Final support system for elderly households that have not shifted to digital
※Cooperation by local electric goods shops
20