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DOE Response to Radiological Releases from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant
Daniel Blumenthal, PhD, CHPManager, Consequence Management Program
U.S. Department of EnergyNational Nuclear Security Administration
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Fukushima Dai-ichi Damage & Deposition(DOE AMS Perspective)
Unit 2
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DOE Timeline• March 11:
– DOE/NNSA activated its assets• March 14, 2011
– At White House direction, DOE deployed a tailored CMRT and AMS capability via military airlift to Yokota Air Base
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DOE Timeline (cont’d)• March 16: CM Assets arrive at Yokota AB and fly first AMS Test
flight• March 17: First aerial measurement activities over plant
conducted; first field monitoring mission completed• March 22: Initial data published on DOE website
DOE’s home at Yokota AB
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Overview• Many partners
– American Embassy, US Military, Nuclear Regulatory Commission• KEY: Partnership with US Military for AMS
– Government of Japan: multiple ministries• KEY: Collaboration with MEXT for AMS
• DOE Role– Monitor environment
• AMS• Ground• Field expedient early warning system to be used while reactors were considered unstable
– Assess– Advise
• Radiological consequence management advice for US ambassador and US Military
• Division of labor among DOE teams– Field team: small, interdisciplinary, experienced, adaptable– Home team: multi-lab– Headquarters: handle political pressures
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Aerial MonitoringWhat was done• Fixed wing and helicopter• Up to 3 aircraft per day• DOE & GOJ joint survey
Why it was done• Map ground deposition out
to 80 km from FDNPP• Support evacuation,
relocation, agricultural decisions
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Ground monitoringWhat was done• Mobile mapping• In-situ & exposure rate• Air & soil sampling• Contamination swipes• DoD & GOJ data aggregation
Why it was done• Calibrate aerial measurements• Define isotopic mix• Characterize the inhalation
component of integrated dose• Assess vertical and horizontal
migration of deposited material
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Assessment• Evaluation of field measurement results (aerial
and ground)– Referenced to protective action measures– Informed mission planning
• Trend analysis and quality control• Analysis of postulated scenarios to inform
future planning
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End State
• US Military and Government of Japan to continue monitoring activities as needed– Japanese trained & equipped to fly DOE AMS– Japanese equipped with an enhanced laboratory
analysis capability – DOE continues to support Japanese and US
Military from Home Team
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Field Team Challenges• The real world does not match the textbooks• Coordination of monitoring activities
– Unfamiliar partners and relationships– Unclear chain of command– Unclear mission scope and exit criteria– Great urgency: high demand for answers– Language barrier
• Time & distance– Impeded effective communications
• Digital data logging not fully implemented
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Field Team Activity Successes• DOE deployed with little notice, no advance
preparation, and began operations immediately• DOE was able to perform on-the-fly analysis to deal
with multiple ongoing releases, unknown source terms, challenging terrain as well as non-technical pressures.
• DOE Scientists developed customized products for US Military (data products, InField Monitoring System).
• DOE scientists embedded with Japanese scientists to create joint data products.
• Augmentation of CM teams