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Fruit Juice ProcessingTechnologies
Belaniso, Kay Kathleen
Belonguel, Joyce Marian
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General Process Steps in Fruit JuiceProduction
Pre-treatment of Fruits
Juice Extraction
Juice Clarification and Refining
Juice Pasteurization and Concentration (for purees)
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Pretreatment of Fruits for Fruit juiceProduction
Washing
Sorting
Peeling/Destemming/Trimming
Size Reduction (Milling/Chopping/Crushing)
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Washing
Fruit washers are usually conveyor belts or roller conveyors withwater sprays, brushes or rubber rolls.
Addition of detergents can be done or 1.5% HCl solution with wawater to remove traces of insecticides or fungicides.
Using warm water at about 50 C
Figure 1. a. rotary conveyor washer with brushes; b. belt conveyor washer; c. belt
conveyor washer with spray.
a b c
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Sorting
Sorting can be done by variety or maturity. Table 1 below presenthe different sorting methods.
Table 1. Fruit sorting methods
Sorting Method Description
By size Rollers, Diverging belts, reels with holes
By weight Sorted into 20 or more weight grades
By texture firmness Bounce System
By color Citrus color sorter measures green to yellow ratio
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Peeling/Destemming/Trimming
Peeling Removal of peels of the fruit before juice extraction
Destemming Removal of stems that are still attached to the fr
Trimming Usually done manually; used to remove remainingdefective parts of the fruit
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Peeling
Table 2. Different peeling methods used in Fruit juice Processing
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Size Reduction (Milling/Chopping/Crushing)
Size reduction is usually used for fruits that are hard, such asapples or pears.
Common size reduction equipment usedFruit Grinding Mill a rotating disk with grinding knives arranged radially
The speed of the disk can be adjusted to produce the desired particle siz
Figure 2. Fruit Grinding Mill
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Size Reduction (Milling/Chopping/Crushing)
Rasp or grater mill it has a revolving metal cylinder with adjustable toothblades which rotate toward a set of parallel knives or plates.
Fixed blade hammer mills it has a rotor with fixed blades which rotate wita perforated screen. Hammer mills can be arranged horizontally, sloping orvertical shaft mounted.
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of fixed blade hammer mill(left); Fixed blade hammer mill equipment (right)
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Juice Extraction
Citrus Juice Extraction Juice can be extracted from the whole fruit without cutting it in half.
Figure 4. Whole fruit juice extractor.
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Juice Extraction
Fruit is cut into have before extracting the juice.
Figure 5. Fruit juice Extractor equipment
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Juice Extraction
PressingFor extracting juice from fruits like apples, the size reduction step was a
preparation for this step. After milling the fruits, it is then subjected topressing process to extract the juice from the fruit.
Belt press for continuous operation, a belt press can be used. A layer ofmash is pumped into the belt entering the machine.
Figure 6. belt press for juice processing
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Juice Extraction
Centrifugation the liquid juice is separated from the solids frothe milled fruit through their difference of density with the aid centrifugal force.
Figure 7. Centrifuge equipment
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Juice Clarification and Refining
Centrifugation can be used as a clarification step to removesuspended solids in the juice.
Filtration to remove insoluble matter in the juice.
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Juice Pasteurization and Concentration
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References
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