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The Fiqh and Philosophy of Fasting
Part 1 of 2
ISIA of EdmontonJune 26, 2016
FROM RITUAL TO SPIRITUAL
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ين من قبلكم لعلذكم يام كما كتب عل الذ ين آمنوا كتب عليكم الص ها الذ ييذاما معدودات فمن ك .تتذقون يا أ
ن أ
ين يطيقونه فدية طعام مسكي خر وعل الذيذام أ
ة من أ سفر فعدذ و عل
ع خيا ف منكم مريضا أ ن فمن تطوذ
وأ هو خي ل
تصوموا خي لكم إن كنتم تعلمون O you who have faith! Prescribed for you is fasting as it was prescribed for those
who were before you, so that you may become conscious of God. For a certain
number of days; but whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a
(like) number of other days; and those who are not able to do it may effect a
redemption by feeding a poor person; so whoever does good spontaneously it is better
for him; and that you fast is better for you if you know. ( 2:183-184)
FASTING IN THE QUR’AN
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“…one must begin abstaining [from 8 things] from a
short period before the time of subh prayers and
must also refrain from doing anything that
invalidates the fast for a short period after
maghrib [in obedience to the commands of Allah
and seeking His pleasure].”
WHAT IS FASTING - RULE #1529
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A person can make the intention every night of the
Month of Ramadhan that he would be fasting on
the following day, however it is better to make the
intention on the first night of Ramadhan that he
would fast throughout that month.
THE INTENTION (NIYYAH)
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Eating and Drinking
Sexual Intercourse
Masturbation to the Point of Ejaculation
Falsely Ascribing Things to Allah, Prophet or Successors, Fatima
Zahra or ANY Prophet or Successor
Swallowing Thick Dust
Staying in state of Janabat, Haidh or Nifas
until Fajr Time
Having a Enema With Liquids
Vomiting
EIGHT FAST-BREAKERS
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QADHAA – CARRYING OUT THE FAST TO FULFILL THE OBLIGATION
• When a person intentionally or intentionally misses a fast of the Month of Ramadhan.
FIDYA – FINANCIAL OR MATERIAL COMPENSATION
• When a person is not able to perform the fast of the Month of Ramadhan due to legitimate reasons.
KAFFAARAH – SELF-INDUCED RELIGIOUS PENALTY
• When a person intentionally invalidates a fast of the Month of Ramadhan through permissible or impermissible means.
THE RELIGIOUS PENALTIES
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In certain circumstances, give a Kaffaarah (penalty) for acts done intentionally ANDmake up the fast:
1.Eating;
2.Drinking;
3.Sexual Intercourse;
4.Masturbation;
5.Staying in the state of Janabah until the time for the Adhan of Fajr.
Penalty (Kaffaarah):
1. Free a Slave; OR
2. Fasting for two months (31 days straight and then staggered);OR
3. Feeding 60 poor people to their fil l or give ¾ Kg of food-stuff to each of them. (45 KgPER FAST or for rice it totals ~$172.78 per fast or $5,183.40 for 30 DAYS ofRamadhan)
PENALTY FOR INTENTIONAL BREAKING
THE FAST BY “PERMISSIBLE” MEANS
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If a person commits any of the below using HARAM means OR by means of somethingwhich is NORMALLY PERMISSIBLE but is dangerous to his overall health, then one mustPERFORM ALL THREE penalties:
1.Eating something haraam (impermissible food);
2.Drinking (alcohol);
3.Sexual Intercourse (adultery or with wife during her monthly cycle);
4.Attributes a false statement to Allah or the Prophet.
Penalty (Kaffaarah):
1. Free a Slave; AND
2. Fasting for two months (31 days straight and then staggered);AND
3. Feeding 60 poor people to their fill or give ¾ Kg of food-stuff to each of them. (45 KgPER FAST or for rice it totals ~$172.78 per fast or $5,183.40 for 30 DAYS ofRamadhan)
PENALTY FOR INTENTIONAL BREAKING OF
THE FAST BY IMPERMISSIBLE MEANS
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Senior citizens who can not fast.
People who are on medication or have illness and cannot
fast.
Those who will go through extreme
difficulties.
People who suffer from sickness of excessive thirst.
Women in advanced stages of pregnancy for whom fasting is
harmful.
Woman who is nursing a child and fasting is harmful to
her or child.
THOSE EXEMPT FROM FASTING
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Compensation (Fidya) for not being able to fast
Elderly, sick, pregnant women, women who are feeding, etc… and cannot fast in
Ramadhan have up until the next Ramadhan to make the fast up.
1.Need to make up the fast before the next Month of Ramadhan;
For those who cannot fast, need to give Fidya which is ¾ kg of food to needy Shia - ~$2.88 PER
FAST (OR ~$90.00 for the ENTIRE MONTH).
If sick person becomes capable of fasting later, he should, on the basis of recommended precaution,
perform the qadha’ .
Pregnant women, nursing women, etc… MUST pay the Fidya and then fast when they are able to.
It is not sufficient to give the value of Fidya. Rather, the FOOD must be given.
THE “FASTING-EXEMPT”
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REASON for not FASTING Qadhaa Fidya Kaffaarah
Elderly Person
Temporary Illness (Fever, etc…)
Within One Year
If after one year
Long-Term Illness (Diabetes, etc…)
Pregnancy
Nursing a Child
Travelling beyond your city limits – from the outer most boundary of the city (44 KM one way or 22 KM both ways)
Leaving before Zuhr from home
Leaving after Zuhr from home Fast as Normal N/A N/A
Staying at destination for less than 10 days
Staying at destination for more than 10 days Fast as Normal N/A N/A
Frequent traveler Fast as Normal N/A N/A
Negligence
OVERVIEW OF THE RULINGS
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EDMONTON CITY LIMITS
Travelling outside of these
boundaries – either 44 KM one way
or 22 KM both ways – from the
boundary TO the destination means
that you are a “traveler” according to
Islamic rulings and that you must
observe specific rulings for fasting
and praying.
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