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From Problem to Prevention:Evidence-Based Public Health
National Network of Libraries of Medicine
Pacific Northwest Region
Ann Madhavan, [email protected]
March 22, 2018
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National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NNLM)
• Trainings
• Funding Awards
• Public Health Coordination Office
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Objectives
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Let’s Start with the Basics…
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What Exactly is Public Health?
“Public health promotes and protects the health of people and the communities where they live, learn, work and play.”
Source: American Public Health Association. http://www.apha.org/what-is-public-health
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Public Health in Action
Ten Great Public Health Achievements in the 20th Century
1. Immunizations
2. Healthier Mothers & Babies
3. Motor-Vehicle Safety
4. Family Planning
5. Workplace Safety
6. Fluoridation of Drinking Water
7. Control of Infectious Diseases
8. Tobacco as a Health Hazard9. Safer and Healthier Foods
10. Declines in Deaths from Heart
Disease and Stroke
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/about/history/tengpha.htm
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So What is Evidence-Based Public Health?
Evidence-based public health is:
“The development,
implementation, and evaluation
of effective programs and policies
in public health through
application of principles of
scientific reasoning.”
Adapted from: Brownson RC, Baker EA, Leet TL, Gillespie KN, True WR. Evidence-Based
Public Health. Second Edition. New York: Oxford University
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Domains of Influence
Best Available
Research
Evidence
Community needs
Politics
Economics
$
Experience
Knowledge
Expertise
Decisions for Public Health PracticeDevelopment, Implementation, and Evaluation of:
• Interventions
• Programs
• PoliciesAdapted from Jenicek M. Epidemiology, evidenced-based medicine, and evidence-based public health. J Epidemiol. 1997; and from Brownson et al, evidence-
based public health: a fundamental concept for public health practice. Annu Rev Public Health. 2009
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The EBPH Process
Community Assessment
Developing a Concise
Statement of the Issue
Quantifying the Issue
Determining What is Known
Through the Scientific Literature
Developing and
Prioritizing Program and
Policy Options
Developing an Action Plan
and Implementing Interventions
Evaluating the Program or
Policy
Adapted from: Brownson RC, Baker EA, Leet TL, Gillespie
KN, True WR. Evidence-Based Public Health. Second
Edition. New York: Oxford University
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Community AssessmentsStep 1
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Community Assessment
Get input from your community!
• Surveys
• Focus groups
• Quantitative vs. Qualitative
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Community Toolbox
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CDC – Community Assessment
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HSRIC
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Sample of Community Needs Assessments
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National Network of Libraries of Medicine
Community assessment
information
Developing and using
logic models
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Scientific LiteratureStep 4
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Scenario
Your local community has
seen a rise in obesity
among children. You would
like to create a nutrition
education program. No
programs currently exist, so
you need to come up with
evidence that putting effort
into the program will
reduce rates of childhood
obesity.
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PICO Your local community has
seen a rise in obesity
among children.
You would like to create a
nutrition education
program.
No current programs
currently exist so you
need to come up with
evidence that putting
effort into the program
will reduce rates of
childhood obesity
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The Question
Will a nutrition education
program (I) reduce the rate (O)
of childhood obesity within our
local community (P)?
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Hierarchy of EvidenceQ
uality
of
Evid
en
ce
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PubMed Homepage
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PubMed Search
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PubMed Search Results
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PubMed - 4
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PubMed Article Types
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PubMed Health
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PubMed Health Article Types
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The Community Guide
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Community Guide - 2
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The Community Guide Search
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The Community Guide Search Filters
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The Community Guide: Systematic Reviews
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The Community Guide: Tools
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The Community Guide: Stories
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The Community Guide: Resources
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National Guideline Clearinghouse
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National Guideline Clearinghouse -2
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NGC MeSH
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NGC Search
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NGC Search Results
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EvaluationStep 7
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Types of Evaluation
Adapted from: Brownson RC, Baker EA, Left TL, Gillespie KN, True WR. Evidence-Based Public Health. 2nd edition ed. Oxford University Press; 2010.
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Getting Help!
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Community Tool Box
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CDC Evaluation Resources
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NNLM Evaluation Guides
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Why is EBPH Important?
Access to more and higher quality information on
what works
Higher likelihood of successful program and policies
being implemented
Greater workforce productivity
Efficient use of public and private resources
Source: Brownson et al, evidence-based public health: a fundamental concept for public health practice. Annu Rev Public Health. 2009
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PHAB Accreditation
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Recap
• Evidence Based Public Health involves• Best Available Research Evidence• Community Needs• Personal Expertise
• Evidence Based Public Health follows a seven step process
• There are numerous resources out there to help guide you through the process!
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Questions?
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Thank you!
Ann Madhavan
Research and Data Coordinator, NNLM PM
Course update author: Derek Johnson
Health Professions Outreach Specialist, NNLM GMR
This project is funded by the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Cooperative Agreement Number UG4LM012342 with the University of Pittsburgh,
Health Sciences Library System.