Download - From Particles to Solutions
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From Particles to Solutions
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• MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space
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• CHEMISTRY is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
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The Particle Theory of Matter
• Describes the composition and behaviour of matter
• There are 5 main postulates:
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The Particle Theory of Matter
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
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The Particle Theory of Matter
2. Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles
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The Particle Theory of Matter
3. Spaces between particles are large compared to the size of the particles themselves
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The Particle Theory of Matter
4. Particles are always moving; they move faster as temperature increases
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The Particle Theory of Matter
5. Particles attract each other
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ClassifyingMatter
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CLASSIFYING MATTER• Matter can be classified by….
solid liquid gas
…its state.
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CLASSIFYING MATTER• Matter can be classified by….
…its state.
…its color.
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CLASSIFYING MATTER• Matter can be classified by….
…its state.
…its color.
…its uses.
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CLASSIFYING MATTER• Matter can be classified by….
…its state.
…its color.
…its uses.
…and any of its other properties.
• BUT we will be classifying matter according to its___________ and __________ of ________.composition distribution particles
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CLASSIFYING MATTER
matter • Has mass and volume.
pure substance mixture• Made up of only one type of particle.
element compound
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element • Made up of all the same particles called atoms.
Au gold
Au Au
Au Au
• Most elements are made of all the same individual atoms.
Ni Ni
Ni Ni
Ni nickel
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O2 oxygen gas
H H
element • Made up of all the same particles called _______.
H2 hydrogen gasAu gold
Au Au
Au Au
O O O O
H H
• Most elements are made of all the same individual atoms.
• SEVEN elements have two of the same atoms bonded together. These are called diatomic molecules.
Ni Ni
Ni Ni
Ni nickel
H2
O2
Br2
F2
I2N2
Cl2
hydrogen
oxygen
bromine
fluorine
iodine
nitrogen
chlorine
H H
O O
atoms
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element •Elements are listed on the periodic table
platinum
iodine
chlorine mercurymanganesesodium
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• Made of the same particles (called atoms).
CLASSIFYING MATTER
matter • Has mass and volume.
pure substance mixture• Made of only one type of particle.
element compound
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• Made up of all the same particles called molecules.•Each molecule is made of two or more different atoms combined in fixed proportions.
compound
H HO
H2O water
H2O2
hydrogenperoxide
OCO
OCO
OCOH H
OH H
O
H HO O
H HO O
H HO O
C O C O
C O
CO2 carbon dioxide
CO carbon monoxide
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compound
C6H12O6 glucose
CH4 methane
C6H6 benzeneC3H8 propane
NH
HH
NH3 ammonia
• Examples of common compounds.
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• Made of the same particles (called atoms).
CLASSIFYING MATTER
matter • Has mass and volume.
pure substance mixture• Only 1 type of particle.
element compound• Made of the same molecules (2 or more different atoms combined).
• Made of 2+ different particles/ substances mixed together.
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture
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homogeneous mixtureheterogeneous mixture• Made up of different particles that are ___________________.
• Made up of different particles which are ______________________.
OR
uniformly distributedNOT uniformly distributed
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homogeneous mixture• Made up of different particles that are ___________________.uniformly distributed
• The different particles are so small that they evenly mix with one another.
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homogeneous mixture
wine
alloys: homogeneous mixtures of metals
bronze: copper, tin
stainless steel: iron, carbon,
chromium
brass: copper, zinc
teasalt water
18K gold: gold, silver,
copper
• Also called a solution.
air: a mixture of gases (N2 and O2 mostly)
• Made up of different particles that are ___________________.uniformly distributed
• The different particles are so small that they evenly mix with one another.
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heterogeneous mixture• Made up of different particles which are _____________ ___________.
OR
NOT uniformly distributed
• The different particles are so large that do not evenly mix with one another, or they are chemically unable to mix with one another.
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heterogeneous mixture• Made up of different particles which are _____________ ___________.
OR
blood
sand
tomatojuice
salad
laundry NOT uniformly distributed
salad dressing
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• Made of the same particles (called atoms).
CLASSIFYING MATTER
matter • Has mass and volume.
pure substance mixture• Only 1 type of particle.
element compound• Made of the same molecules (2 or more different atoms combined).
• Made of 2+ different particles/ substances mixed together.
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture
• Made of different particles NOT uniformly distributed.
• Made of different particles uniformly distributed.Eg. Solution, alloy mechanical mixture suspension
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but will _________into _____________ over time. different phases
mechanical mixture suspension• The different types of particles ______________
• The different particles __________ _____
Are these mechanical mixtures or suspensions?
and ________ into ____________________.
tomato juice
mud paint blood
laundrysalad flour and water
oil and vinegar
sand
appears homogeneous settle outdistinctly visible phases
separatedon’t blend wellblend fairly
well and ___________________
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mechanical mixture suspension
• Because particles in a suspension are small they will initially mix together, but since they are larger than those in a solution, they don’t stay evenly mixed over time.
but will _________into _____________ over time. different phases
• The different types of particles ______________
• The different particles __________ _____ and ________
into ____________________.appears homogeneous
settle outdistinctly visible phasesseparatedon’t blend well
blend fairlywell and ___________________
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CLASSIFYING MATTER
matter • Has mass and volume.
pure substance mixture
element compound heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture
• Made of different particles NOT uniformly distributed.
mechanical mixture suspension• particles separate into distinctly visible ‘phases’.
•particles blend well, appear homogeneous but settle into phases over time.
• Made of the same molecules (2 or more different atoms combined).
• Made of the same particles (called atoms).
• Made of different particles uniformly distributed.
• Only 1 type of particle.
• Made of 2+ different particles/ substances mixed together.
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Homework
• Read pages 175-178, complete questions 1-6 for homework.
• Study for ‘science skills’ quiz!– All material covered from March 18-March 25