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From Gene to Protein
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DNA Review
Is made of nucleotides. Contains deoxyribose sugar Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine Is a double stranded molecule. Example: A A T G G C T A T A C C G
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RNA Review
Is made of nucleotides. Contains ribose sugar Replaces Thymine with the base Uracil. Is a single stranded molecule. Example: A A U G G C U A U A C C G
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What is the JOB of RNA?
To assist in the synthesis of proteins.
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ENGAGE:Proteins, Proteins, Proteins!!!What’s the deal with proteins?
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Explore 1:Banana Split Lab(Transcription, Translation)
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Explore 2
Designer Babies
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Explain:
Amino Acids – the building blocks of proteins.
Many amino acids linked together make up the many different proteins in our body.
DNA contains the code for these proteins and RNA’s assemble the parts.
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Protein Synthesis: overview
Transcription: synthesis of RNA
under the direction of DNA (mRNA)
Translation: actual synthesis of a polypeptide under the direction of mRNA
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Transcription, Translation
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RNA Getting Ready to Do its Job There is NOT just one RNA molecule!!!!
THERE ARE THREE!!! 3 types of RNA molecules:
1. Messenger RNA (m-RNA)
2. Transfer RNA (t-RNA)
3. Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA) Each RNA molecule has a specific job in
making a protein
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m-RNA(Transcribes the DNA) Messenger RNA copies the code for a protein
from DNA. This is called TRANSCRIPTION (Only Occurs INSIDE of the Nucleus of a Cell) Takes code to the ribosome where the protein
will be made. m-RNA is divided into smaller units called
CODONS.
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What is a Codon? Codon - series of
3-nucleotide ‘words’ found on the mRNA for ONE amino acid
The genetic instructions are ‘written’ in the DNA as a triplet code
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Translation NOW Occurs
Translation– Interpretation or Decoding of the protein
code from DNA Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell NOT THE NUCLEUS Involves mRNA, as well as,
tRNA and rRNA
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t-RNA, Slide 1(Transfer RNA)
Carries the specific amino acid to the ribosome.
Each t-RNA will hook up with a codon. One or more t-RNA for each amino
acid. Attach to the codon and have an area
called an ANTI-CODON.
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tRNA, Slide 2
The three letter code on the tRNA is called an Anticodon
This code translates what amino acid should be made
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Translation Summary
mRNA from nucleus is ‘read’ along its codons by tRNA’s anticodons at the ribosome in the cytoplasm
tRNA anticodon (nucleotide triplet); brings ONE amino acid
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Ribosomes and rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Ribosomes– Protein factories– Only Non-membrane bound organelle
rRNA– What makes up the ribosomes of the cell. – Found in high concentration in the
nucleolus of the cell’s nucleus.
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mRNA, tRNA and the ribosome Working Together
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Elaborate: Codon Table Activity
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Elaborate
DNA Article with Codon Table Guided Practice using the Codon Table Building a Protein Synthesis
Manipulative
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Sequencing Race Begins
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Evaluate