FRIENDS2
FRamework of Innovation for Engineering ofNew Durable Solar Surfaces
Mid term meeting
Seville, April 8th 2016
Optical coatings for thermosolar applications (WP1)
M. Krause (HZDR)
FRIENDS2
WP1: New generation
of optical coatings for thermosolar applications
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2
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3: WP2
Matthias Krause (PhD), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany, WP leader
FRIENDS2
1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities
2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
a) Optimized a-C:MeC nanocomposite multilayer stacks
b) Solar-selective TCO based transmitter SnO2:Ta
c) Contamination free and highly-reflective metallic films
d) Successful room-temperature deposition of rutile type TiO2
3. Tasks for year 2
4. Conclusions and Summary
Contents
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FRIENDS2
Concentrated solar power (CSP)/ solar thermal
electricity (STE) is an emerging technology in the
carbon-free renewable energy sector
Inherent storage capability enables secure peak
and base load electricity supply
Steam turbine electricity generation allows hybrid
technologies
IEA STE roadmap expects CSP/ STE to provide a
share of 11% of the global electricity in 2050
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1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities
FRIENDS2
Technology roadmap Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 edition, OECD/ IEA, 2014 5
1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities
FRIENDS2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_solar_power; Technology roadmap Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 edition, OECD/ IEA, 2014 6
1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities
Year Who/ What/ Where Power (MW) Technology
1968 G. Francia, Genova, Suisse 1 Tower, 500°C, 100 bar SH steam
1981 Solar One+Two, Cf, US 10 Tower (T)
1984-90 Luz Comp., SEGS, Mojave, US 354 Parabolic troughs (PT)
2006 ABG, PS10, Seville 11 T, direct steam generation (DSG)
2007 Acciona, Nevada, US 64 PT
2009 ABG, PS20, Seville 20 T
2010 ABG, Sanlucar 150 PT cluster
2012 Novatec Solar, Calaspara, India 30 Linear Fresnel Reflectors (LFR)
2013 ABG, Solaben 200 PT cluster, storage
2013 Genesis, Cf, US 280 PT
2014 Mojave, Cf, US 280 PT
2014 ABG, Solana, Az, US 280 PT, 6h storage
2014 Bright Source, Ivanpah, Cf, US 377 3 T, no storage
2014 Solar Reserve, Crescent Dunes, Nev, US
110 T, 10h storage, molten salt (MS)
FRIENDS2
Year Who/ What/ Where Power (MW) Technology
2015 KaXu Solar One, South Africa 100 PT, 2.5h storage, MS
2017/18 Noor II, Ghassate, Marocco 200 PT
2017 Ashalim, Negev, Il 121 T
2018 ABG, Atacama 1, Chile 110 T, 17.5 h storage
? ABG, Solnova 2 100 PT, storage
? Ordos, Gobi Desert, PRC 2000 T
? Solar Energy Project, Marocco 1540 ?
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1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_solar_power; Technology roadmap Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 edition, OECD/ IEA, 2014
FRIENDS2
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1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities
Ivanpah Solar tower plant, Cf, US
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_solar_power; Technology roadmap Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 edition, OECD/ IEA, 2014
FRIENDS2
Basic CSP quantities
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Efficiency (solar into mechanical energy)
Absorptivity (a)
Emissivity (e)
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1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities
FRIENDS2
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1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities
Technology roadmap Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 edition, OECD/ IEA, 2014
FRIENDS2
Decision about R&D directions for FRIENDS2
1. Highly-stable and -durable carbon- and nitride-based nanocomposite multilayers
2. A new type of solar-selective coating comprised of selective transmitter on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) basis and an absorber.
3. Bare highly reflecting metal (Cu, Al and Ag) surfaces
4. Highly solar transparent protective materials, to prevent the degradation of the reflectance material
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2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
FRIENDS2
Optimized a-C:MeC nanocomposite multilayer stacks:FCVA Deposition and structural characterization
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a-C: g-MoC(19 at.% Mo)
a-C: fcc-VC (21 at.% V)
2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
Irene Heras, ABG, PhD thesis in preparation
FRIENDS2
Optimized a-C:MeC nanocomposite multilayer stacks:Simulation of reflectivity and absorptance.
2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
13Irene Heras, ABG, PhD thesis in preparation
FRIENDS2
Optimized a-C:MeC nanocomposite multilayer stacks:Simulated reflectance of optimized solar selective coatings
Best literature values so far.
2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
14Irene Heras, ABG, PhD thesis in preparation
FRIENDS2
Solar-selective TCO based transmitter SnO2:Ta
Frank Lungwitz, HZDR, PhD thesis in preparation 15
2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
FRIENDS2
Solar-selective TCO based transmitter SnO2:Ta
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2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
Frank Lungwitz, HZDR, PhD thesis in preparation
FRIENDS2
Solar-selective TCO based transmitter SnO2:Ta
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2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
International Patent Claim PCT/EP2015/081376,
“Self-cleaning high temperature resistant solar selective coating“,
PCT Search report, p. 12: “...the subject matter of claim 1 is new...”
FRIENDS2
Contamination free and highly-reflective metallic films
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2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
Matthias Krause, Marcel Mesko, HZDR
DC - MS s-HiPIMS
FRIENDS2
500 1000 1500 2000 25000
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40
60
80
100
Re
fle
cta
nce
(%
)
wavelength(nm)
HiPIMsMS
FCVA
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2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
Gonzalo Rincon, Ramon Escobar, ABG, Erik Schumann, Matthias Krause, HZDR
Cu films
Contamination free and highly-reflective metallic films
FRIENDS2
Successful room-temperature
deposition of rutile type TiO2
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2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
Elena Guillén, Ramon Escobar, ABG, Matthias Krause, HZDR
FRIENDS2
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2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
Elena Guillén, Ramon Escobar, ABG, Matthias Krause, HZDR
Successful room-temperature
deposition of rutile type TiO2
FRIENDS2
Scientific output of WP 1
FRIENDS2 project deliverable D1.1.- State of the Art (SoA) for absorbers and mirrors in CSP applications, submitted.
FRIENDS2 project deliverable D1.2.- Simulation of optical properties for solar selective coatings, submitted.
FRIENDS2 project deliverable D2.2.- FEM and Molecular dynamics simulation of multi-layered materials for renewable energy
1 patent application
2 scientific conference papers published
1 keynote presentation, 4 oral talks and 3 posters
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2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
FRIENDS2
Publications planned for 2016i) I. Heras et al., Optimization of solar selectivity in multilayer and
homogenoues carbon: transition metal nitride nanocomposite
thin films;
ii) M. Mesko et al., RT deposition of contamination-free Ti films;
iii) E. Guillén et al., RT deposition of rutile-type TiO2 films;
Researcha) Optimization and characterization of AlTiN1-xOx absorber films;
b) Improvement of solar-selective transmitter coatings based on
TCOs;
c) Sputter deposition of highly-reflective Cu, Ag, and Al films;
d) Decision about techniques and coatings for phase 2 (year 3+4)
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3. Tasks for year 2
FRIENDS2
Selection of four topics at the kickoff meeting in 01/2015 enabled
target-oriented R&D from the very beginning of FRIENDS2
Results from all topics were presented at international conferences
Further publications are expected in the 2nd year of FRIENDS2
Delayed submission of the deliverables 1 and 2 did not affect the
progress of the research
The research is carried out in close and productive corporation
between the involved project members
To continue the excellent performance beyond year 2 additional
funding including new ESR/ ER is urgently needed
Lessons learned within WP1 in year 1
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4. Conclusions and Summary
FRIENDS2
Gonzalo Rincón
Carlos Alcañiz
Mercedes Alcón
Irene Heras
Elena Guillén
Ainhoa Pardo
(Manresa)
Ramón Escobar
Ibon Azkona
Jose Luis Endrino
Robert Wenisch
Erik Schumann
Frank Lungwitz
Daniel Janke
Jens
Zscharschuch
Angela Schneider
Frans Munnik
Marcel Mesko
(Trnava)
Matthias Krause
Contributions by
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With a little help from…FRIENDS2 & Co.
Thank You! Danke! Gracias!
FRIENDS2
Reference: Key world energy statistics, OECD/ IEA, 2015 26
1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities
FRIENDS2
FRIENDS2 is excellent science
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...that can contribute to improve CSP (STE) technology.
2. Selected WP1 results of the first year of FRIENDS2
FRIENDS2
Current (state of the art) limitations
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Solar receivers
Reflecting mirrors
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1. Economic, technological, and scientific background for WP1 activities