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thi tuyn dng FPT Ting anh C 2THE CORPORATION FOR FINANCING AND

PROMOTING TECHNOLOGY

o0oENGLISH TEST

Time allowed: 60 minutes

50 question sPART 1

For questions 1-7, you must choose which of the paragraphs A-H on page 2, fit into the gaps in

the following newspaper article. There is one extra paragraph which does not fit in any of the

gaps. Indicate your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Beethovens Piano

In 1817 the English piano maker Thomas Broadwood met Beethoven in Vienna and promised him the gift

of a piano.

1

Beethoven kept it until his death in 1827, reputedly using it to write, among other things,

the Hammerklaviersonata. Then it passed to Liszt, who left it to the Hungarian National Museum in

Budapest. There it remained, a national treasure, seen but barely heard, until it began a journey almost

as momentous as the one all those years ago, back through Europe to Britain.2

Why is this piano so important? Well, it is an icon. It featured prominently in Beethovens later years and

the very abuse to which he subjected it, hammering at the notes to try to hear them, records the terrible

pathos of Beethovens deafness.

3

But bringing this Broadwood back to life is also a landmark in the modern history of performance,

recognising that old instruments offer unique insights into old music- and none more than pianos in the

time of Beethoven, when their technology was young and fast-developing and composers responded

immediately to the latest thing on the market. The novelty of the Broadwood was a heavier action, which

meant that whatever his hearing impairment, Beethoven could feel he was making more sound than a

Viennese piano could deliver.

4

For a player like Melvyn Tan, those limitations are critical because they demonstrate how Beethovens

writing pushed the piano to its physical extremities. Its important not to lose the limitations when a piano

is restored.

5

David Winston, the restorer, has some sympathy with this view: Its true that every time you restore you

lose original information. So I have to ask myself: will this work increase the pianos lifespan, and is it

reversible? And I document everything so its clear to someone 50 years from now exactly what Ive

done.

6

Winstons work has lift the Viennese input alone but removed the rest. He has replaced the strings, which

werent original, the dampers and the hammer coverings. Otherwise, he says, the piano was in decent

structural condition. It was chosen in the first place to be robust, and it is. However, the present tour has

raised a musicological question for Tan.

7

So either he didnt writeHammerklavieron the Broadwood after all or he wrote it idealistically, beyond the

character and limitations of the instrument at hand.

A The Broadwood had in fact been regularly tampered with- from when it first arrived in Vienna to more

recent times when it was patched up by Hungarians without access to the right materials.

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B He could afford it- his was the most successful piano company in the world- and a model was

dispatched from London on 27 December, by sea through the Straits of Gibraltar to Trieste and then by

cart to Vienna, arriving the following June.

C This treatment did a lot of damage. By 1824 a friend observed that there was no sound le ft in the

treble and broken strings were mixed up like thorns in a gale.

D This is one of the reasons why the ethics of making such improvements to an old instrument are

contentious. Not everyone agreed that Beethovens Broadwood should be returned to pla ying condition,still less taken on tour.

E He has found it difficult to programme the tour because- and this is slightly embarrassing- few of the

scores Beethoven supposedly wrote on the Broadwood are playable on it. The keyboard is too short.

F George Bernard Shaw said that the most entirely creditable incident in English history was the sending

of 100 to Beethoven on his death-bed by the London Philharmonic Society. But there was another.

G This time, though, the piano is working its passage, on a concert tour sponsored by Broadwoods (the

firm still exists). Like all great stars (and this one is insured for 5m) it travels with an entourage. There is

the pianist Melvyn Tan who plays it, the piano doctor David Winston who restored it, four attendants who

transport it between venues by unpublishable routes, and two security men who sleep with it.

HAlthough it was also harder work, it gave a better sense of control, and a more consistent, more

modern sound across its range. But, of course, its nota modern sound. It still has the limitations of its

time, including a slight twang, a noisy action and ineffectual dampers.PART 2

Choose ONE phrase (A-J) from the list in the box below to complete each key point below.

The information in the completed sentences should be an accurate summary of points made by the writer.

Write the appropriate letters (A-J) in boxes 8-13on your answer sheet.

N.B. There are more phrases (A-J) than sentences so you will not use them all. You may use any phrase

more than once.

PERSONAL TIME MANAGEMENT

Since the early work of Halberg (1960), the existence of human circadian rhythms has been

well-known to biologists and psychologists. Circadian rhythms dictate that there are certain times of the

day when we are at our best both physically and psychologically. At its simplest, the majority of us feel

most alive and creative in the mornings, while come the evenings we are fit only for collapsing with a

good book or in front of the television. Others of us note that in the morning we take a great deal of timeto get going physically and mentally, but by the evening are full of energy and bright ideas, while a very

few of us feel most alert and vigorous in the late afternoon.

Irrespective of our personal rhythms, most of us have a productive period between 10 a.m. and noon,

when the stomach, pancreas, spleen and heart all appear to be in their most active phases. Conversely,

the majority of us experience a low period in the hour or two after lunch (a time when people in some

societies sensibly take a rest), as most of our energy is devoted to the process of digestion. The simple

rules here are: dont waste too much prime time having a coffee break around 11 a.m. when you should

be doing some of your best work, and dont make the after-lunch period even less productive by

overloading your digestion. A short coffee or tea break is, in fact, best taken on arrival at the office, when

it helps us start the day in a positive mood, rather than mid-morning when it interrupts the flow of our

activities. Lunch is best taken early, when we are just beginning to feel hungry, and we are likely to eat

less than if we leave it until later. An early lunch also means that we can get back into our productivestride earlier in the afternoon.

Changes in ones attitude can also enhance personal time management. For example, the notion

ofproaction is eminently preferable to reaction. To proact means to anticipate events and be in a position

to take appropriate action as soon as the right moment arrives. To react, on the other hand, means to

have little anticipation and do something only when events force you to do so. Proactors tend to be the

people who are always one step ahead of other people, who always seem to be in the right place at the

right time, and who are always better informed than anyone else. Many of us like an easy life, and so we

tend to be reactor. This means that we arent alert to the challenges and opportunities coming our way,

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with the consequence that challenges bother us or opportunities pass us by before were even properly

aware theyre upon us. We can train ourselves in proaction by regularly taking the time to sit down and

appraise the likely immediate future, just as we sit down and review the immediate past.

Psychologists recognise that we differ in the way in which we characteristically attribute responsibility for

the various things that happen to us in life. One of the ways in which we do this is known as locus of

control(Weiner, 1979), which refers to assigning responsibility. At its simplest, some individuals have a

predominantly externallocus of control, attributing responsibility to outside causes (for example, the faultsof others or the help given by them), while with other individuals the locus of control is

dominantly internal, in which responsibility is attributed to oneself (for example, ones own ability or lack of

them, hard work, etc.).

However, the picture usually is not as simple as this. Many peoples locus of control is more likely to be

specific to a particular situation, for example, internal in certain areas, such as their social lives. Or, to

take another example, they may attribute certain kinds of results to themselves, such as their successes,

and certain kinds of results to other people, such as their failures. Obviously the best kind of locus of

control is one that is realistic and able to attribute every effect to its appropriate course, and this is

particularly important when it comes to time management. Certainly, there are occasions when other

people are more responsible for our time loss than we are, but for most of us, and for most of the time,

the blame must fall fairly and squarely upon ourselves.

Time management key pointsAnswer

Example Our patterns of circadian rhythms .. G

1. A proactive person ..2. A reactive person ..3. Analyzing circadian rhythms ..4. The idea that the best time to work is in the morning ..5. The notion of feeling alert in the late afternoon ..6. Productivity appears to be enhanced ..

List of phrases

A agrees with the circadian rhythms of most people.

B makes us feel alive and creative.

C conforms to the circadian rhythms of a minority of people.

D if our energy is in a low phase.

E is more able to take advantage of events when they happen.

F enables one to gauge physical potential at particular times throughout the day.

G can affect us physically and mentally.

H when several specific internal organs are active.

J when we eat lunch early.

PART 3

For questions 14-28, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. There is an

example at the beginning (0).

Write your wordon th e separate answer sh eet.

Example: 0 with

Intui t ionSometimes you just know things about people the first time you see them- for example that you want to

be friends(0) .them or that you dont trust them. But perhaps this kind of intuition isnt as hard toexplain (14) . it may seem. For instance, everybody gives out body language signals (15) .the time.The (16) .you hold your body, head and arms tells people about your mood. If you hold your armstightly at your sides (17) .fold them across your chest, people will generally feel that you (18) .beingdefensive. Holding your head on one side shows interest in the (19) .person, while (20) .relaxed,open posture indicates that you are self-confident. All this affects (21) .we feel about someone.

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Also, a stranger may (22) .you of a previous meeting with someone. This may be because of (23).as simple as the fact that he or she is physically similar (24) .someone who treated you well- orbadly. But your reaction doesnt(25) .to be the result of the memory of a person you previously met-your feelings about the stranger could (26) .influenced by a smell in the air that brings to mind aplace (27) .you were happy as a child. Since even a single word can bring back a memory (28) .asthat, you may never realize it is happening.

PART 4For questions 29-44, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct,

and some have a word which should not be there. If a line are correct, put a tick () by the number on the

separate answer sheet. If a line has a word which shouldno tbe there, write the wordon the separate

answer sheet. There are two examples at the beginning(0)and(00).

0 the

Example:

00

THE INTERVIEW

0

00

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

4243

44

Suzanne was very nervous about her interview. For at the least three

weeks before it she was worried about it. She really wanted the job but

she knew that a lot of other people wanted get it too. She had been told

when she phoned the number in the advert that there were a great many

applicants for it, so as she prepared herself. She made notes of what she

might be asked and of what she wanted to ask. When the day it came, she

arrived half of an hour early. There were six other people waiting to be

interviewed. They all looked much more confident than did her. She began

to feel herself even more nervous. One by one the others were called.

Each of them came out and looking satisfied. Suzanne was the last one to

be called into the interview room. She had decided by then time that she

had no chance of getting the job, so she felt relaxed as she walked in; she

felt that she had nothing to lose. The three interviewers were all them very

serious and they didnt seem to be interested in her. She forgot all the

answers she had yet prepared and said the first things that came into her

head. Afterwards she was sure she wouldnt get the job, but two days later she got a letter for telling her she had been chosen because she had

been the only one who had acted naturally.

PART 5

For questions 45-50, read the following text and then choose from the listA-Jthe best phrase to fill each

of the blanks. Write one letter (A-J)in the correct box on your answer sheet. Some of th e suggested

answers do n ot f i t at a l l . One answer has been given as an example (0).

Example: 0 J

CARD GAME RULES

Card playing has brought pleasure to millions of people for some six centuries and is popular the

world over, so it is no surprising to discover that thousands of games have been invented. There is

a widespread belief that all card games (0) but the situation is complex and this idea is bestignored. Widely played games (45) in much the same way. National and regional games mayhave official rules published by an organization devoted to the game, but these ( 46) in local andfamily play. Of course, it is essential to establish a set of rules for club or tournament play, but

these (47) as the rules of the club, not the rules of the game. In homes people play cards forenjoyment and (48) and drop rules to suit their tastes. It is because tastes ( 49) andgeneration to generation that card games evolve. Games that no longer evolve become extinct.

No book can do more than (50) , or are said by other books to be played. Nor should it expect to.The only important thing is that everybody playing around the same table at the same time should

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be following the same rules.

A played in its country of origin F never did lay down official rules

B should be regarded G vary from place to place

C will naturally introduce H describe how games are played

D have decided between alternative rules I are happily ignored

E tend to be played everywhere J have official rules