Download - Foundations of Freedom 20110124
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 1/231
Losefmvioeq ol LzccfogLmkk :4=4
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 2/231
Qogc ol v`c qkifcq ie v`iq tzcqcevmvioe zclcz vo v`c QVMVC OL ^MQ@IENVOE mef ZC\IQCF AOFC OL
^MQ@IENVOE (–ZA %“) @o~c|cz+ qigikmz ielozgmvioe ame jc losef ie v`c qvmvsvcq mef aofcq ol ecmzky
c|czy QVMVC ol v`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ% Mkk cgt`mqiq oe }sovmvioeq gmy jc aoeqvzscf vo `m|c jcce mffcf%
V`iq tzcqcevmvioe iq tzo|ifcf loz ielozgmvioe tsztoqcq oeky+ EOV mq kcnmk mf|iac% Mlvcz zcmfien mef
qvsfyien v`iq tzcqcevmvioe+ v`c |ic~cz q`oskf fcvczgiec loz `ig/`czqckl `o~ oz ~`cv`cz vo mav oe v`c
ielozgmvioe tzcqcevcf% V`c msv`ozq mqqsgc eo kimjikivy loz v`c mavq+ mavioeq+ oz lmikszc vo mav ol meyoec
sqien v`c ielozgmvioe aoevmiecf ie v`iq tzcqcevmvioe% Lszv`czgozc+ ~c cptkiaivky fiqaoszmnc |iokceac mq m
–qoksvioe“ vo v`c qivsmvioeq lmaien osz emvioe mef ieqvcmf ceaoszmnc tcmaclsk zcqoksvioe%
©:4=4 ie aoggoe km~ jy Gia`mck'Foemkf+ fckcnmvc oe Mkmjmgm Zctsjkia mef Qcazcvmzy ol v`c fckcnmvcq
ol v`c qc|czmk qvmvcq ol v`c seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam+ mq mgcefcf M%F% =>9=8 mef Amzgce'Aozieec+fckcnmvc oe ^mq`ienvoe Zctsjkia mef \iac'Tzcqifcev ol v`c fckcnmvcq% © cpaksfcq V`c Gmvzip+ V`c ^irmzf
ol Or+ A`ivvy A`ivvy Jmen Jmen+ Qvmz Vzch2 V`c Ecpv Nceczmvioe mef mkk mkv Fiqecy© zclczceacq%
V`iq qkifc tzcqcevmvioe gmy jc lzccky q`mzcf jy mkk jsv gmy eov jc mkvczcf oz sqcf loz tzoliv jy
meyoec ~iv`osv v`c cptzcqq+ ~zivvce tczgiqqioe ol v`c msv`ozq%
Fiqakmigcz
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 3/231
–Vmhc v`c jksc tikk+ ~`czc
*v`c qvozy cefq+ yos ~mhc stie yosz jcf mef jckic|c
~`mvc|cz yos ~mev vo
jckic|c*+ oz vo vmhc v`c zcf
tikk+ ~`czc *yos qvmy ie
~oefczkmef+ mef I q`o~ yos
`o~ fcct v`c zmjjiv `okc
nocq%“
Gozt`csq+ V`c Gmvzip
^mzeien2 V`iq qkifc q`o~
gmy a`menc yosz kilc-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 4/231
^`y fif v`c Aokoeiqvq aogc vo Mgcziam?
Lzog M%F% =330 vo =3<>+ Cenkmef‐q ec~cqv a`sza`cq mqqczvcf v`ciz ao|cemevq ~iv` cma`
ov`cz+ ottoqien v`c ie|czvcf lcfczmkiqg ol v`c qvmvc A`sza` ol Cenkmef% Jy =<4> M% F%+ v`cy
~czc gccvien ie zszmk `ogcq mef jcaogien qtizivsmkky }siahcecf% Tczqcasvcf jy v`ciz
gov`cz aosevzy+ v`cy qooe jcnme gmhien v`ciz ~my vo ov`cz kmefq+ ~`czc v`ciz aoefsav
vcqvilicf vo v`c msv`ceviaivy ol v`ciz ~ivecqq% V`ciz ec~ ecin`jozq losef v`cg vo jc gce mef
~ogce ol tcmac+ noof a`mzmavcz mef qvzoen ~ozh cv`ia+ mef v`ciz fcfiamvioe vo zckiniosqlzccfog nzc~ lmgosq%
Ov`cz emvioeq aokoeircf kmefq… Mgcziam aokoeircf ifcmq%
V`c Zin`v vo lzccfog jcien v`c nilv ol Nof Mkgin`vy…v`c Zin`vq ol v`c aokoeimkiqvq mq
A`ziqvimeq…gmy jc jcqv sefczqvoof jy zcmfien mef amzclskky qvsfyien v`c ieqvivsvcq ol v`cNzcmv Km~ni|cz…~`ia` mzc vo jc losef akcmzky ~zivvce mef tzogsknmvcf ie v`c Ec~
Vcqvmgcev% Qmgsck Mfmgq% Zin`vq ol v`c Aokoeimkiqvq+ =>>:
M vcefceay vo goemza`y jcnieq vo fc|ckot ie ~`mv ~mq mv lizqv m qigtkc zctsjkia% V`c
tzieaitkc ol c}smkivy mef lzmvczeivy jcnieq vo jc qstczqcfcf jy v`c qtiziv ol msv`ozivy mef
qsjozfiemvioe% Kcoemzf Jmaoe+ =0>6
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 5/231
Yos lcck iv…
V`czc iq qogcv`ien `ozzijky ~zoen ieosz emvioe% c mkk heo~ iv+ mefgmey ol v`c tcotkc ol v`iq emvioe mzcvzyien vo lip v`c tzojkcg% \mziosqgcv`ofq sqcf vo aozzcav v`c tzojkcg`m|ce‐v ~ozhcf ycv% @czc mzc v~o
jmqia zcmqoeq ~`y…
=% Ieaogtkcvc sefczqvmefien ol v`ctzojkcg+ ~`ia` zcqskvq iese~ozhmjkc qoksvioeq%
:% Kmah ol seivy ol v`c tcotkc ie v`iq
emvioe%‛^`mv yos heo~ yos ame.v cptkmie+ jsv
yos lcck iv% Yos.|c lckv iv yosz cevizc kilc+
v`mv v`czc.q qogcv`ien ~zoen ~iv` v`c
~ozkf% Yos foe.v heo~ ~`mv iv iq+ jsv iv.q
v`czc+ kihc m qtkievcz ie yosz gief+ fzi|ien
yos gmf%‗
Gozt`csq+ V`c Gmvzip+ =999
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 6/231
=% Kcm|c osz emvioe mef ki|c mjzomf sefcz v`c zmfmz%
:% Igivmvc me oqvzia`+ –qviah osz `cmf ie v`c qmef+“ mef ineozc~`mv iq `mttceien% Gmey tcotkc heo~ qogcv`ien iq ~zoen+jsv mzc voo mlzmif ol –v`c no|czegcev“ vo fo meyv`ien%
1% Zcqvozc v`c ai|ikime no|czegcev (m Zctsjkia) mq iv ~mq
oziniemkky ie tkmac loz v`iq emvioe% Tmvziah @cezy cptzcqqcf v`iqotvioe ~`ce `c qmif+ –Ni|c gc kijczvy oz ni|c gc fcmv`-“Vofmy+ `oeozmjkc gce mef ~ogce mzc a`ooqien v`iq otvioefcqtivc v`ciz lcmz ol ottzcqqi|c no|czegcev+ qo v`mv v`ciz*a`ikfzce ~ikk eov ~mhc st `ogckcqq oe v`c aoeviecev v`cizlozclmv`czq aoe}sczcf%“ V`ogmq Bcllczqoe
^c `m|c 1 a`oiacq… Tmvziah @cezy
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 7/231
M loszv` a`oiac mkqo cpiqvq+ jsv iv ~ikk ec|cz ~ozh% V`iq loszv`
a`oiac iq vzyien vo „lip‐ v`c fc lmavo+ aoztozmvc no|czegcev% Meynzost vzyien vo aoevzok+ oz vmhc o|cz v`c Aoztozmvioe heo~e mq v`cSEIVCF QVMVCQ+ mgosevq vo m `oqvikc vmhco|cz% V`iq gmhcqv`cqc tcotkc `oqvikc cecgy aogjmvmevq+ mef vmzncvq loz v`caoztozmvc no|czegcev mq v`c tcotkc mzc eov q`mzc`okfczq ol v`iq
aoztozmvioe% Qsa` nzostq gmy `m|c v`c jcqv ol ievcevioeq jsvkmah aczvmie hcy ticacq ol v`c tsrrkc% (i%c%+ Vcm Tmzvy Go|cgcev+ Kijczvy nzostq+ vmp tzovcqvozq+ gikivim nzostq+ Kijczvmzimeq+ cva%)
Giqfizcavioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 8/231
Kcv’q ^ozh Voncv`cz--c `m|c vo qvot v`c ie'lin`vien% c mzc gozc to~czlsk ~`ce
~c seivc voncv`cz% C|czy vigc oec Mgcziame `mq v`ciz zin`vq
|iokmvcf ~iv`ie v`iq aosevzy+ ~c mzc mkk oec qvct akoqcz vo`m|ien eo zin`vq kclv% ^c gsqv qvmef st loz cma` ov`cz mq ~ckk
mq oszqck|cq% V`iq iq v`c oeky ~my ~c mzc noien vo ncv osz
lzccfog+ mef osz emvioe jmah%
c gsqv ~ozh voncv`cz… ~c v`c tcotkc `okf v`c to~cz+ jsv oeky ~`ce ~c ~ozh voncv`cz%
V`iq iq ~`y ~c mqqcgjkc-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 9/231
Vo tzc|cev sq lzog
noien fo~e v`c~zoen zomf+ ~c eccf vo sefczqvmef `o~
v`ienq amgc vo jc+ mef `o~ v`ienq q`oskf jc%Yos ameeov azcmvc me mzviliaimk
cevivy mef ni|c iv gozc
to~cz v`me yos toqqcqq%
Sefczqvmefien Kigivq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 10/231
Nof Azcmvcf Qo|czcine Gme
Qo|czcine gme iq gmfc ie @iq igmnc mef iq qsjbcav vo+ ozzskcf jy+ @iq km~q% (Cpmgtkc2 nzm|ivy mef vigc)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 11/231
Nof‐q km~q mkqo ieaksfc ieqvzsavioeq oe `o~ vo ievczmav
~iv` ov`czq mef `o~ vo qckl'no|cze oszqck|cq mef oszai|ikime no|czegcev% Ol tzigmzy igtozvmeac mzc v`caoeactvq ol eov `mzgien ov`czq+ qvc~mzfq`it mq ~ckk mqtzotczvy o~eczq`it mef Zin`vq%
Nof‐q Km~Osz Losefien Lmv`czq
azcmvcf osz Emvioe‐q
losefien foasgcevq jmqcfstoe Nof‐q Km~q%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 12/231
Zin`vq mzc Nof'ni|ceZin`vq mzc Nof'ni|ce+ eov Aoeqvivsvioe'ni|ce% Fczi|ien vivkc lzog Nof+
gme.q akmig iq `in`cz v`me v`c to~cz ol mkk no|czegcevq% V`c Jofy'
tokivia+ oz no|czegcev+ iq vzsqvcc ‑ eov gmqvcz% Gme iq m acqvsi }sc vzsqv+eov m qkm|c% Zin`v tzcacfcq to~cz8 mef to~cz iq Nof'ni|ce vo nsmzf
Nof'ni|ce zin`v% No|czegcevmk to~cz iq kcnivigmvc oeky ~`ce iv
tzovcavq+ mef iq sekm~lsk ~`ce iv igtmizq v`c zin`v ol gme%
Aoeactvq lzog2 V`c Aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq2 M Aziviamk Fiqasqqioe ol ivq Ncecqiq+ Fc|ckotgcev+
mef Ievcztzcvmvioe jy Bo`e Zmefokt` Vsahcz+ KK%F%+ kmvc Tzolcqqoz ol Aoeqvivsvioemk mef Ievczemvioemk Km~
mef C}sivy+ mq`ienvoe mef Kcc Sei|czqivy% © =099 jy Amkkmn`me , Ao
Acqvsi }sc vzsqv% @c ~`o `mq m zin`v vo m jcecliaimk ievczcqv ie mef osv ol me cqvmvc v`c kcnmk vivkc vo ~`ia` iq
|cqvcf ie meov`cz% V`c tczqoe ~`o toqqcqqcq v`c c}sivmjkc zin`v vo tzotczvy mef zcaci|cq v`c zcevq+ iqqscq+ mef
tzolivq v`czcol8 v`c kcnmk cqvmvc ol ~`ia` iq |cqvcf ie m vzsqvcc% V`c jcecliaimzy ol m vzsqv%Jkmah.q Km~ Fiavioemzy qipv` cfivioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 13/231
Fsvy vo Fclcef Zin`vqQckl'tzcqcz|mvioe+ qckl'fclceqc mef qckl'fc|ckotgcev vo v`c `in`cqv fcnzcc
toqqijkc iq m zckiniosq fsvy% c eov oeky gmy+ jsv gsqv+ fclcef oszqck|cq% Qckl'
fclceqc iq m ao|cemevmk ojkinmvioe ‑ m zckiniosq fsvy% Il ~c `ckf osz zin`vqmjqoksvcky+ ~c ~oskf `m|c m gczc zin`v vo fclcef v`cg mef gin`v ~mi|c v`cg8
jsv mq ~c `okf v`cg ie vzsqv loz Nof+ ~c mzc josef jy zckiniosq ojkinmvioe vo
fclcef v`cg%
Gme fclcefq eov `iq o~e+ jsv Nof‐q zin`v ie `ig%
V`c zin`v mef fsvy ol gce mzc
qstczioz vo mey akmig jy no|czegcev%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 14/231
Vzsqvcc |q% O~eczGmey A`ziqvimeq vofmy sefczqvmef v`c aoeactv v`mv v`ienq ~c o~e ~c mzc qvc~mzfq ol jcamsqc
osz o~eczq`it iq mq m Vzsqvcc+ mef Nof iq v`c vzsc o~ecz% ^c mkqo `okf osz zin`vq mef vmkcevq ie
qvc~mzfq`it mq Vzsqvcc% V`c boj ol m Vzsqvcc iq vo `okf mef tzovcav v`c tzotczvy ol v`c Vzsqv%
V`c Vzsqvcc focq eov o~e v`mv ~`ia` `c iq ie vzsqv o|cz%
V`c lokko~ien Ec~ Vcqvmgcev tmqqmncq q`o~ v`mv ~c mzc v`c Vzsqvccq ol v`c zin`vq mef
vmkcevq ni|ce vo sq jy Nof+ ~c mzc eov v`c O~eczq%
–Lzog c|czyoec ~`o `mq jcce ni|ce gsa`+ gsa` ~ikk jc fcgmefcf“
Kshc =:260
–Loz ~`oc|cz `mq ~ikk jc ni|ce gozc+ mef v`cy ~ikk `m|c me mjsefmeac% ^`oc|cz focq
eov `m|c+ c|ce ~`mv v`cy `m|c ~ikk jc vmhce lzog v`cg%“
Gmvv`c~ :32:9 (Lzog v`c Tmzmjkc ol v`c Vmkcevq)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 15/231
Vzsqvcc Ojkinmvioeq
Mq Vzsqvccq+ ~c `m|c v`c zcqtoeqijikivy vo tzovcav osz zin`vq% Vo yickf v`cqc
zin`vq iq vzcmqoe vo Nof.q vzsqv+ mef fcqvzsavioe ol osz fsvy% Osz fclceqc ol osz
zin`vq mef kijczvicq iq m zckiniosq fsvy vo Nof% \oksevmzy qszzcefcz ol zin`vq iqtczqoemk vzcmqoe ol Nof.q Vzsqv+ mef vo fctzi|c m gme ol `iq zin`vq iq vo zoj Nof‐q
zin`v ie `ig% Mq ~mzfq ol Nof+ ~c gsqv sqc c|czy gcmeq vo tzc|cev no|czegcev
lzog vszeien ivq to~cz+ cevzsqvcf loz osz q`ickf+ ievo m q~ozf loz osz zsie%
Zin`vq mef vmkcevq mzc eov gczc toqqcqqioeq vo sqc oz eov sqc+ mv v`cotvioe ol v`c `okfcz+ jsv vo jc sqcf sefcz v`c qmeavioe ol fsvy vo Nof% V`iqjcaogcq me igtskqc vo zcmk kilc+ v`mv iq+ vo qckl'fc|ckotgcev+ vo v`c `in`cqvfcnzcc toqqijkc%
Aoeactvq lzog2 V`c Aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq2 M Aziviamk Fiqasqqioe ol ivq Ncecqiq+Fc|ckotgcev+ mef Ievcztzcvmvioe jy Bo`e Zmefokt` Vsahcz+ KK%F%+ kmvc Tzolcqqoz ol Aoeqvivsvioemk
mef Ievczemvioemk Km~ mef C}sivy+ mq`ienvoe mef Kcc Sei|czqivy% © =099 jy Amkkmn`me , Ao%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 16/231
Kcnivigmvc Tokiviamk To~cz
V`c qceqc ol ojkinmvioe vo Nof igtkmevq ie sq qsa` m tzolosef
aoeqaiosqecqq ol osz maaosevmjikivy loz osz fcqviey mq vo gmhc iv m gozmk
lozac+ ~`ia` fzcmfq vzcmqoe vo Nof gozc v`me mkk v`c v`zcmvq ol `sgme to~cz
‑ mef gmhcq zcqiqvmeac vo vyzmeey ojcficeac vo Nof %
Iv iq eov zin`v loz sq vo zcefcz vo Amcqmz ~`mv jckoenq vo Nof ‑ eoz vo ojcy
gme zmv`cz v`me osz Gmhcz% V`c vzsqv tsztoqc ol tokiviamk to~cz+ mef v`c fsvy ol
`sgme ojcficeac+ mzc qcv lozv` mq ievczfctcefcev+ gmhien v`c ojqcz|meac ol
jov` c}smk ojkinmvioe% Eo tokiviamk to~cz iq kcnivigmvc ~`ia` |iokmvcq mef focq
eov aoeqcz|c Gme'Zin`v% Iv gsqv tzovcav mef st`okf osz zin`vq+ eov mqqmik meffcqvzoy v`cg%
–Mkk tokiviamk to~cz iq ie`czcev ie v`c tcotkc…“
Qvmvc ol ^mq`ienvoe Aoeqvivsvioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 17/231
Yos+ v`c qo|czcine gce
mef ~ogce+ mzc v`c to~cz ol ai|ikime
no|czegcev%
Qo|czcine gme `okfq qo|czcinevy o|cz kmef `c qvc~mzfq
(`okfq ie Vzsqv) loz Nof% No|czegcev `mq EO km~lsk
bsziqfiavioe o|cz v`iq kmef%
Qo|czcine Gme
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 18/231
Qo|czcinevy ol v`c tcotkczcaoneircf jy v`c QVMVCQ
–V`c tcotkc ol v`iq qvmvc fo eov yickf v`ciz qo|czcinevy vov`c mnceaicq v`mv qcz|c v`cg% V`c tcotkc+ ie fckcnmvien
msv`ozivy+ fo eov ni|c v`ciz tsjkia qcz|mevq v`c zin`v vo
fcaifc ~`mv iq noof loz v`c tcotkc vo heo~ mef ~`mv iq eov
noof loz v`cg vo heo~%“Zc|iqcf Aofc ol mq`ienvoe Qvmvc (ZA^ 6:%3<%414)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 19/231
Qo|czcinevy ol v`c tcotkc
zcaoneircf jy v`c aoszvq*Qo|czcinevy ivqckl iq+ ol aoszqc+ eov qsjbcav vo km~+ loz iv iq v`c
msv`oz mef qoszac ol km~8 jsv ie osz qyqvcg+ ~`ikc qo|czcine
to~czq mzc fckcnmvcf vo v`c mnceaicq ol v`c no|czegcev+qo|czcinevy ivqckl zcgmieq ~iv` v`c tcotkc+ jy ~`og mef loz
~`og mkk no|czegcev cpiqvq mef mavq%*Yiah ^o |% @othieq+==0 SQ 13< ' =00<
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 20/231
Se}scqvioeien Qsjgiqqioe?
Goqcq+ Fm|if+ Fmeick+ Q`mfzma`+ Gcq`ma`+ mef Mjcfecno+ mef Bo`e v`c Jmtviqv mkkfclicf ai|ik msv`ozivicq% Qigoe Tcvcz fclimevky vokf ai|ik gmniqvzmvcq *^c osn`v vo ojcyNof zmv`cz v`me gce%* V`c Mtoqvkc Tmsk ~zovc gmey ol `iq ctiqvkcq lzog ieqifcno|czegcev tziqoeq% Jclozc Bo`e tceecf v`c Zc|ckmvioe+ `c `mf jcce jmeiq`cf vo meiqkmef tziqoe jy ai|ik msv`ozivicq% @o~ gmey vigcq `m|c A`ziqvimeq jcce gmzvyzcf lozfclyien ai|ik msv`ozivy? V`c qvozicq ol fclimeac vo ai|ik no|czegcev (ie oec lozg oz
meov`cz) aogtziqc m nzcmv tczacevmnc ol mkk v`c qvozicq aoevmiecf ie v`c Jijkc%
Il v`c qvozy ol Tcvcz ie tziqoe ~czc jciencptcziceacf vofmy+ ieqvcmf ol v`c a`sza` zmkkyien
jc`ief v`ciz tmqvoz mef aoefsavien me mkk'ein`v
tzmycz gccvien loz `ig+ goqv a`sza` gcgjczq ~oskf jc cpaozimvien `ig ie v`c emgc ol Zogmeqa`mtvcz =1% Ieqvcmf ol Tmsk jcien kcv fo~e v`c ~mkkie m jmqhcv vo cqamtc v`c ai|ik msv`ozivicq vzyien vomttzc`cef `ig+ v`c m|czmnc A`ziqvime vofmy ~oskf
jc v`c lizqv oec vo vsze `ig o|cz vo v`c
*msv`ozivicq%*
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 21/231
^`czc iq Yosz @cmzv?
^c `m|c m tzmaviamk+ `iqvoziamk mef jijkiamk gmefmvc vo lcz|cevky fiqojcy mey
seaoeqvivsvioemk km~q mef mkk no|czegcev olliaimkq ~`o acmqc vo jc noof gieiqvczq
ol Nof% Nof iq v`c oeky to~cz v`mv fcqcz|cq sekigivcf ojcficeac% @cktienno|czegcev tcztcvzmvc sebsqv mavioeq mnmieqv meyoec iq m azigc mnmieqv @cm|ce%
V`c vigc aogcq+ v`mv ~`oc|cz hikkq yos ~ikk v`ieh v`mv `c focq Nof qcz|iac%Bo`e =<2:
Jc~mzc ol yosz lzicefq8 fo eov vzsqv meyoec ie yosz akme% Loz c|czy oec ol v`cg iq mfcaci|cz+ mef c|czy lzicef m qkmefczcz% Lzicef fcaci|cq lzicef+ mef eo oec qtcmhqv`c vzsv`% V`cy `m|c vmsn`v v`ciz voenscq vo kic8 v`cy ~cmzy v`cgqck|cq ~iv`qieeien% Yos ki|c ie v`c gifqv ol fcactvioe8 ie v`ciz fcaciv v`cy zclsqc vomaheo~kcfnc gc+* fcakmzcq v`c KOZF%
Bczcgim` 92 6'<
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 22/231
Kijczvy+ Lzccfog , Zin`vq
–C|czy gme gmy akmig v`c lskkcqv kijczvy vo cpczaiqc `iq lmaskvicq aogtmvijkc ~iv`
v`c cpczaiqc ol kihc kijczvy jy c|czy ov`cz gme… C|czy gme `mq lzccfog vo fo
mkk v`mv `c ~ikkq+ tzo|ifcf v`mv `c ielziencq eov v`c c}smk lzccfog ol mey ov`cz
gme%“@czjczv Qtceacz
M gme jckoenq vo `igqckl+ qsjbcav oeky vo Nof‐q zin`v ie `ig%
Fi|iec vivkc vo qckl iq v`c losefmvioe ol v`c
Fi|iec zin`v ol gme vo tzotczvy ie cpvczemk v`ienq%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 23/231
Km~lsk no|czegcev iq kigivcf Km~lsk No|czegcev ameeov jc qo
cpczaiqcf jy ivqckl mq vo fcqvzoy oz
mjzifnc zin`vq% V`c tzovcavoz ameeov
mqqmik v`oqc `c ~mq ozfmiecf votzovcav+ mef ameeov fcqvzoy v`c kijczvy
`c ~mq azcmvcf vo qcaszc% Osz
no|czegcev iq zin`vlsk oeky ~`ce iv iq
kigivcf vo v`c tsztoqc ol tzcqcz|ien
v`c kijczvy ol ivq gcgjczq ie v`c qckl'sqc ol v`ciz zcqtcavi|c lmaskvicq sefcz
v`ciz qctmzmvc mef cpaksqi|c
zcqtoeqijkc fsvy vo Nof%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 24/231
Fcakmzmvioe ol Iefctcefceac
*^c `okf v`cqc vzsv`q vo jc qckl'c|ifcev+ v`mv mkk gce mzc azcmvcf c}smk+ v`mv
v`cy mzc cefo~cf jy v`ciz Azcmvoz ~iv` aczvmie semkicemjkc Zin`vq+ v`mv
mgoen v`cqc mzc Kilc+ Kijczvy mef v`c tszqsiv ol @mttiecqq% ‖ V`mv vo
qcaszc v`cqc zin`vq+ No|czegcevq mzc ieqvivsvcf mgoen Gce+ fczi|ien v`ciz
bsqv to~czq lzog v`c aoeqcev ol v`c no|czecf+ ‖ V`mv ~`cec|cz mey Lozg
ol No|czegcev jcaogcq fcqvzsavi|c ol v`cqc cefq+ iv iq v`c Zin`v ol v`c
Tcotkc vo mkvcz oz vo mjokiq` iv+ mef vo ieqvivsvc ec~ No|czegcev+ kmyien ivq
losefmvioe oe qsa` tzieaitkcq mef oznmeirien ivq to~czq ie qsa` lozg+ mq vo
v`cg q`mkk qccg goqv kihcky vo cllcav v`ciz Qmlcvy mef @mttiecqq…*
Fcakmzmvioe ol Iefctcefceac
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 25/231
Sqsztmvioe ol Zin`vq^`ce v`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ |iokmvcq v`c kigivq qcv
stoe iv ie v`c Aoeqvivsvioe mef ie|mfcq v`c fogmie ol
iefi|ifsmk lzccfog+ iv sqsztq me msv`ozivy ec|cz |cqvcf
ie iv+ mef |iokmvcq osz zin`vq%
V`c gmie tsztoqc ol oszNo|czegcev iq vo tzovcav osz zin`vq%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 26/231
V`c Tsztoqc ol v`c Aoeqvivsvioe
Stoe no|czegcev+ v`czclozc+ v`czc mzc
zcqvzmievq mq vo v`ciz toqqijkc sqsztmvioe
mef mjsqc ol to~cz+ mq ~ckk mq qsa`
fclieivioe mef kigiv vo v`c cpczaiqc ol
v`ciz lseavioeq+ mq ~ikk qcaszc v`c kijczvy
iv ~mq azcmvcf vo qcaszc%
V`c Aoeqvivsvioe ~mq azcmvcf jy *~cv`c tcotkc* mef v`c no|czegcev `mq eo
zin`v oz msv`ozivy vo c|cz a`menc+mjokiq`+ oz o|cz'zifc v`c Aoeqvivsvioemkkigivq qcv stoe iv%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 27/231
V`c Aoeqvivsvioe Kigivq
Km~lsk No|czegcev
Iv iq ikkoniamk mef ~`okky aoevzmzy vo
zcmqoe+ v`mv m no|czegcev – ol v`c tcotkc+
loz v`c tcotkc+ mef jy v`c tcotkc“ `mq
mey sekigivcf msv`ozivy+ oz mey to~cz vofcqvzoy v`c iefi|ifsmk kijczvy ol v`c
tcotkc% V`c kigivmvioeq tkmacf oe v`c
no|czegcev maaozfien vo ivq oziniemk
aoeqvivsvioe jief v`c no|czegcev vo
ojcficeac mef v`c lmav v`mv eo msv`ozivyiq zin`vlsk ~`ia` focq eov aoeqcz|c v`c
tczqoemk kijczvy ol v`c gme mef tzogovc
`iq iefi|ifsmk noof%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 28/231
Km~q v`mv |iokmvc v`c kigivq
ol v`c Aoeqvivsvioe mzc Eov Km~q+ =
*Mkk mavq ol c|czy fctmzvgcev ol no|czegcev+ ~iv`ie v`c
aoeqvivsvioemk josefq ol to~czq+ mzc |mkif8 mkk jcyoef josefq mzc
*izzivsg cv iemec* ‖ eskk mef |oif% = = Azmea`+ 19= X=><'=>0W
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 29/231
.Km~q. v`mv |iokmvc v`c kigivq
ol v`c Aoeqvivsvioe mzc Eov Km~q+ :
No|czegcev `mq eo ie`czcev msv`ozivy cpactv ~`mv iq fckcnmvcf vo iv jy ivq
qo|czcine tzieaitmk% Meyv`ien no|czegcev focq jcyoef iv.q aoeqvivsvioemk kigivq
ameeov jc km~lskky mavcf stoe% Eciv`cz ame no|czegcev km~lskky a`menc v`c
aoeqvivsvioe v`mv kigivq iv% Oeky ~c v`c tcotkc ame fo v`iq%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 30/231
.Km~q. v`mv |iokmvc v`c kigivq
ol v`c Aoeqvivsvioe mzc Eov Km~q+ 1Me seaoeqvivsvioemk mav iq eov km~8 iv aoelczq eo zin`vq8 iv igtoqcq eo fsvicq8
mllozfq eo tzovcavioe8 iv azcmvcq eo olliac8 iv iq ie kcnmk aoevcgtkmvioe+ mq
ieotczmvi|c mq v`osn` iv `mf ec|cz jcce tmqqcf%
Eozvoe |q% Q`ckjy Aosevy+ ==0 SQ 6:3 t% 66:
Eo oec iq josef vo ojcy me seaoeqvivsvioemk km~ mef eo aoszvq mzc josef vo
celozac iv% =< Mg Bsz :ef+ Qca =>> kmvc :f+ Qca :3<
Iv iq m nceczmk zskc v`mv me olliacz+ cpcasvi|c+ mfgieiqvzmvi|c+ }smqi'bsfiaimk+
gieiqvczimk+ oz ov`cz~iqc+ ~`o mavq osvqifc v`c qaotc ol `iq bsziqfiavioe+ mef
~iv`osv msv`ozirmvioe ol km~ gmy v`czcjy zcefcz `igqckl mgcemjkc vo tczqoemk
kimjikivy ie m ai|ik qsiv% Aootcz |% OdAoeecz+ <9 Mtt FA =44+ 99 L (:f)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 31/231
ZA^ 6%46%4=4Cpvcev vo ~`ia` aoggoe km~ tzc|mikq% V`c aoggoe km~+ qo
lmz mq iv iq eov ieaoeqiqvcev ~iv` v`c Aoeqvivsvioe mef km~q ol v`c
Seivcf Qvmvcq+ oz ol v`c qvmvc ol ^mq`ienvoe eoz ieaogtmvijkc~iv` v`c ieqvivsvioeq mef aoefivioe ol qoaicvy ie v`iq qvmvc+ q`mkk jc
v`c zskc ol fcaiqioe ie mkk v`c aoszvq ol v`iq qvmvc%
(Zc|iqcf Aofc ol mq`ienvoe 6%46%4=4)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 32/231
Kijczvy mef Bsqviac loz Mkk?
Il yos lcck v`c qvmvsvc ie|ok|cf ie mey azigiemk amqc jcien vzicf jy yos iq selmiz+ oz v`mv iv
ielziencq stoe v`c fclcefmev.q emvszmk+ Nof'ni|ce+ iemkicemjkc oz Aoeqvivsvioemk zin`vq+ yosgsqv mllizg v`mv v`c ollcefien qvmvsvc iq zcmkky eo km~ mv mkk mef v`mv v`c |iokmvioe ol iv iq eo
azigc mv mkk ‑ loz eo gme iq josef vo ojcy me sebsqv aoggmef% Yosz |ovc ol EOV NSIKVY
gsqv jc zcqtcavcf jy mkk ov`cz gcgjczq ol v`c bszy' loz yos mzc eov v`czc mq m look+ gczcky vo
mnzcc ~iv` v`c gmbozivy+ jsv mq me olliacz ol v`c aoszv mef m }smkilicf bsfnc ie yosz o~e zin`v%
V`czcie kicq v`c ottozvseivy loz v`c maaogtkiq`gcev ol *kijczvy mef bsqviac loz mkk%* Il yos+
mef esgczosq ov`cz bszozq v`zosn`osv v`c qvmvc mef emvioe+ jcnie mef aoeviesc vo jzien ie
|czfiavq ol EOV NSIKVY ie qsa` amqcq ~`czc m gme'gmfc qvmvsvc iq fclcavi|c oz ottzcqqi|c+
v`cqc qvmvsvcq ~ikk jcaogc mq iecllcavi|c mq il v`cy `mf ec|cz jcce ~zivvce% Iv oeky vmhcq oec
bszoz vo cllcav m |czfiav ol EOV NSIKVY ie mey azigiemk vzimk%
Tmzmt`zmqcf lzog *M Zskc Jooh loz Bszozq+* msv`oz seheo~e%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 33/231
Aoeqvivsvioe+ Mzviakc \I
V`iq Aoeqvivsvioe+ mef v`c Km~q ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ~`ia` q`mkk jc gmfc ie
Tszqsmeac v`czcol8 mef mkk Vzcmvicq gmfc+ oz ~`ia` q`mkk jc gmfc+ sefcz v`c
Msv`ozivy ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ q`mkk jc v`c qstzcgc Km~ ol v`c Kmef8 mef v`c
Bsfncq ie c|czy Qvmvc q`mkk jc josef v`czcjy+ mey v`ien ie v`c Aoeqvivsvioe oz
Km~q ol mey Qvmvc vo v`c Aoevzmzy eov~iv`qvmefien%
Eo km~ ame jc tmqqcf v`mv iq Seaoeqvivsvioemk+
mef km~lsk Bsfncq mzc josef vo v`iq-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 34/231
Aoeqvivsvioemk
O|czv`zo~
No|czegcev iq eov cevivkcf vo qcz|ikc ojcficeac+ oz vo mey ojcficeac ~`czc iv
|iokmvcq oz cpaccfq ivq aoeqvivsvioemk kigivq% M no|czegcev ~`ia` ojcyq eov ivq
aoeqvivsvioemk kigivq+ sefcz ~`ia` iv fczi|cq mef cpczaiqcq to~cz+ qo lmz lzog
`m|ien akmig vo jc qstzcgc mq v`c *to~czq v`mv jc+* iq m sqsztcz ol v`c msv`ozivy
ol v`c tcotkc%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 35/231
Sqsztmvioe ol To~cz 7 Vyzmeey
V`czc iq eo Nofky qmeavioe loz m vyzmeeiamk sqc ol to~cz+ jcamsqc
no|czegcev to~cz ~mq gczcky ni|ce loz v`c tzovcavioe ol v`c zin`v
~`ia` vyzmeey fcqvzoyq% No|czegcev `mq to~cz vo fo ~zoen+ jsv eo
zin`v vo fo qo%
Zin`v iq to~cz ie fsvilsk cpczaiqc8 to~cz tksq fsvy%
Vyzmeey iq to~cz ie cpczaiqc zcnmzfkcqq ol fsvy8 to~cz giesq fsvy%
V`iq fiqvieavioe jcv~cce to~cz mef zin`v ‖ jcv~cce v`c to~cz vo fomef v`c zin`v vo fo ‖ iq lsefmgcevmk mef cqqcevimk% Aoztozmvc
No|czegcev `mq jcce qo tcz|czvcf mq vo jc m aszqc vo `ig+ v`c
fcqvzoycz ol `iq zin`vq mef v`c loc vo `iq kijczvy%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 36/231
Fmy ol Sqsztmvioe–Sqsztmvioe“ ‑ V`c sekm~lsk ceazoma`gcev oz mqqsgtvioe ol v`c sqc ol
tzotczvy+ to~cz oz msv`ozivy ~`ia` jckoenq vo meov`cz% Me ievczzstvioe oz v`c
fiqvszjien m gme ie `iq zin`v mef toqqcqqioe% V`c sekm~lsk qcirszc ozmqqsgtvioe ol qo|czcine to~cz% V`c mqqsgtvioe ol no|czegcev oz qstzcgcto~cz jy lozac oz ikkcnmkky+ ie fczonmvioe ol v`c aoeqvivsvioe mef ol v`czin`vq ol v`c km~lsk zskcz X~c v`c tcotkcW%
Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy Qipv` Cfivioe
Olliaimkky+ Mkmjmgm zcaozfcf –=1 Bsky+ =0<0+ v`c Fmy ol Sqsztmvioe%“ Oe v`mv
fmy+ v`c oziniemk bsziqfiavioe ol v`c qvmvc ol Mkmjmgm ~mq sqsztcf jy v`c fc
lmavo no|czegcev% M Zcaoeqvzsavioe Aoeqvivsvioe ~mq tsv ievo cllcav oe v`mv
fmy+ ie fizcav |iokmvioe ol v`c |ovc ol v`c tcotkc% (>4+0=: loz+ >9+3<< mnmieqv%)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 37/231
Qcemvc Zctozv 91'369
^mz mef Cgcznceay To~czq MavqQieac Gmza` 9+ =911+ v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq `mq jcce ie m qvmvc ol fcakmzcf emvioemk cgcznceay%Ie lmav+ v`czc mzc eo~ ie cllcav losz tzcqifcevimkky'tzoakmigcf qvmvcq ol emvioemk cgcznceay2Ie mffivioe vo v`c emvioemk cgcznceay fcakmzcf jy Tzcqifcev Zooqc|ckv ie =911+ v`czc mzcmkqo v`c emvioemk cgcznceay tzoakmigcf jy Tzcqifcev Vzsgme oe Fcacgjcz =<+ =934+
fszien v`c Hozcme aoelkiav+ mef v`c qvmvcq ol emvioemk cgcznceay fcakmzcf jy TzcqifcevEipoe oe Gmza` :1+ =9>4+ mef Msnsqv =3+ =9>=%V`cqc tzoakmgmvioeq ni|c lozac vo 6>4 tzo|iqioeq ol Lcfczmk km~% V`cqc `sefzcfq ol qvmvsvcq fckcnmvc vo v`c Tzcqifcev cpvzmozfiemzy to~czq+ ozfiemziky cpczaiqcf jy v`cAoenzcqq+ ~`ia` mllcav v`c ki|cq ol Mgcziame aivirceq ie m `oqv ol mkk'ceaogtmqqiengmeeczq% V`iq |mqv zmenc ol to~czq+ vmhce voncv`cz+ aoelcz ceosn` msv`ozivy vo zskcv`c aosevzy ~iv`osv zclczceac vo eozgmk Aoeqvivsvioemk tzoacqqcq%
Sefcz v`c to~czq fckcnmvcf jy v`cqc qvmvsvcq+ v`c Tzcqifcev gmy2qcirc tzotczvy8 oznmeirc mef aoevzok v`c gcmeq ol tzofsavioe8 qcirc aoggofivicq8 mqqinegikivmzy lozacq mjzomf8 ieqvivsvc gmzvimk km~8 qcirc mef aoevzok mkk vzmeqtozvmvioe mefaoggseiamvioe8 zcnskmvc v`c otczmvioe ol tzi|mvc cevcztziqc8 zcqvziav vzm|ck8 mef+ ie mtkcv`ozm ol tmzviaskmz ~myq+ aoevzok v`c ki|cq ol mkk Mgcziame aivirceq%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 38/231
Qcemvc Zctozv 91'369M gmbozivy ol v`c tcotkc ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq `m|c ki|cf mkk ol v`ciz ki|cq sefcz
cgcznceay zskc% Loz 64 ycmzq+ lzccfogq mef no|czegcevmk tzoacfszcq nsmzmevccf jy v`cAoeqvivsvioe `m|c+ ie |mzyien fcnzccq+ jcce mjzifncf jy km~q jzosn`v ievo lozac jy qvmvcqol emvioemk cgcznceay%
Ie m qineiliamev amqc fizcavky aoelzoevien v`c iqqsc ol ~mzvigc cgcznceay to~czq+Yosenqvo~e Q`ccv , Vsjc Ao% |% Qm~ycz (161 S%Q% 3>9)+ v`c Aoszv zclsqcf vo mkko~ v`cTzcqifcev vo zcky stoe igtkicf aoeqvivsvioemk to~czq fszien m aziqiq% V`c mavioe mv iqqscie|ok|cf tzcqifcevimk qcirszc ol qvcck tkmevq ie m gmeecz mttmzcevky fizcavky mv offq ~iv`aoenzcqqioemk tokiay+ Bsqviac Jkmah.q tkszmkivy otieioe qtcailiamkky maheo~kcfncq v`mv il Aoenzcqq fckcnmvcq to~czq vo v`c Tzcqifcev loz sqc fszien me cgcznceay v`oqc to~czq mzcmjqoksvcky |mkif ~iv`ie aoeqvivsvioemk zcqvzmievq oe Aoenzcqq. o~e to~cz vo fo qo%Aoeaszzien otieioeq mttcmz vo mnzcc oe v`iq toiev% Iv q`oskf jc eovcf+ v`czclozc+ v`mv mkkqvmvsvcq ie v`iq aogtikmvioe mzc tzcaiqcky v`cqc hiefq ol qtcailia aoenzcqqioemk fckcnmvioeqol to~cz%
Nscqq ~`ia` –cgcznceay mav“ ~mq EOV zctcmkcf? V`c Cgcznceay Jmehien Mav%
Vivkc =: SQA 93 J
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 39/231
Cllcav ol mEmvioemk Cgcznceay
V`c aoefivioeq vo ~`ia` to~cz iq mffzcqqcf mzc mk~myq vo jc aoeqifczcf ~`ce v`c
cpczaiqc ol to~cz iq a`mkkcencf% Cpvzmozfiemzy aoefivioeq gmy amkk loz cpvzmozfiemzy zcgcficq% Jsv v`c mznsgcev ecacqqmziky qvotq q`ozv ol me mvvcgtv vo bsqvily mavioe ~`ia`kicq osvqifc ol v`c qt`czc ol aoeqvivsvioemk msv`ozivy% Cpvzmozfiemzy aoefivioeq fo eovazcmvc oz cekmznc aoeqvivsvioemk to~czq% V`c aoeqvivsvioe cqvmjkiq`cf mq EmvioemkNo|czegcev ~iv` to~czq fccgcf vo jc mfc}smvc+ mq v`cy `m|c tzo|cf vo jc jov` ie ~mz meftcmac+ jsv v`cqc to~czq ol v`c Emvioemk No|czegcev mzc kigivcf jy v`c aoeqvivsvioemknzmevq% V`oqc ~`o mav sefcz v`cqc nzmevq mzc eov mv kijczvy vo vzmeqacef v`c igtoqcf kigivq jcamsqc v`cy jckic|c v`mv gozc oz fillczcev to~cz iq ecacqqmzy% Qsa` mqqczvioeq ol cpvzm'aoeqvivsvioemk msv`ozivy ~czc meviaitmvcf mef tzcaksfcf jy v`c cptkiaiv vczgq ol v`c Vcev` Mgcefgcev%
Qa`cavcz Toskvzy Aozt% |% Seivcf Qvmvcq+ :9< S% Q% 694 3:0 X=913W+
aivien Cp tmzvc Gikkinme+ 6 ^mkk% :+ =:4+ =:= X=0<<W
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 40/231
Seaoeqvivsvioemk Mavq*V`c mavioeq+ zcnskmvioeq+ zskcq+ kiaceqcq+ ozfczq mef tzoakmgmvioeq
`czcvolozc oz `czcmlvcz vmhce+ tzogsknmvcf+ gmfc oz iqqscf jy v`c Tzcqifcev ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq oz v`c Qcazcvmzy ol v`c Vzcmqszy qieac Gmza` v`c 6v`+ =911+tszqsmev vo v`c mgcefcf X=: SQAQ Qca% 93mW+ mzc `czcjy mttzo|cf mefaoelizgcf% (Gmz% 9+ =911+ a% =+ Vivkc =+ Qca% =+ 60 Qvmv+ =%)*%
*Lszv`czgozc+ iv ~oskf jc m kmzncky lsvikc vmqh sekcqq ~c `m|c v`c Tzcqifcev.qmavi|c aokkmjozmvioe% @m|ien fckcnmvcf v`iq msv`ozivy vo v`c Tzcqifcev ie ~myqv`mv tczgiv `ig vo fcvczgiec `o~ koen iv q`mkk aoeviesc+ qigtky v`zosn` v`cfc|iac ol hcctien cgcznceay fcakmzmvioeq mki|c ~c eo~ lief oszqck|cq ie mtoqivioe ~`czc ~c ameeov zcakmig v`c to~cz ~iv`osv v`c Tzcqifcev.q ma}sicqaceac% ^c mzc semjkc vo vczgiemvc v`cqc fcakmzmvioeq ~iv`osv v`c Tzcqifcev.q qinemvszc+
qo ~c eccf m kmznc gcmqszc ol Tzcqifcevimk aootczmvioe%* Qcemvc Zctozv 91'369Aoenzcqq `mq mjqoksvcky eo to~cz vo fckcnmvc kcniqkmvi|c
msv`ozivy oz to~cz vo v`c tzcqifcev% V`iq to~cz iq kigivcf jy v`caoeqvivsvioe cpaksqi|cky vo aoenzcqq% V`czclozc+ mkk kcniqkmvi|c mavq (fcazccq ,ozfczq) jy v`c tzcqifcev mzc cpvzm'aoeqvivsvioemk+ oz seaoeqvivsvioemk-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 41/231
Tzo'No|czegcev
^c jckic|c ie kcnivigmvc no|czegcev% No|czegcevmk to~cz cpczaiqcf ~iv ie
aoeqvivsvioemk kigivq loz v`c tzovcavioe ol ~c v`c tcotkc% M No|czegcev
*Ol v`c Tcotkc+ Loz v`c Tcotkc+ mef Jy v`c Tcotkc%*
A`ziqvimeq mzc tzo'no|czegcev% Mq A`ziqv iq osz Hien+ mzc ~c eov tmzv ol @iq
no|czegcev? Fif eov Nof ozfmie mqqcgjkicq mef km~q vo no|cze `iq tcotkc?
Yos ameeov jc m A`ziqvime mef jc mevi'no|czegcev%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 42/231
Qogc Secesgczmvcf Zin`vq
No|czegcev ameeov tzcqsgc vo `m|c jcce |cqvcf ~iv` Fi|iec to~cz vo ievzsfc
stoe v`c tczqoemk kijczvy ol gme ie tmyien `iq tczqoemk `ogmnc vo Nof+ sefcz m
qokc tczqoemk zcqtoeqijikivy vo @ig% V`c mjqoksvc mef se~mzzmevcf vyzmeey ol mkk
km~q ~`ia` ie|mfc v`c lzccfog ol iefi|ifsmk aoeqaiceac ie v`c ~ozq`it ol Nof`m|c eo km~lsk qvmefien ~`mvqoc|cz% ^c `m|c mjqoksvc zin`v ol ~ozq`it%
Mq gme `mq cpaksqi|c vivkc vo `iq o~e v`osn`vq+ ~ikk mef jofy+ ~iv` m vivkc vo
cpaksqi|c qckl'sqc+ mef v`czclozc v`c tzofsavq ol qckl'sqc ol v`cqc+ c|czyv`ien `c
azcmvcq loz `iq o~e sqc mzc mq gsa` `iq o~e mq ~czc v`c lmaskvicq jy gcmeq ol ~`ia` v`cy ~czc tzofsacf% ^c `m|c mjqoksvc zin`v ol o~eczq`it%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 43/231
Gozc Secesgczmvcf Zin`vq
Il J vmhcq M‐q tzotczvy jy lozac loz `iq o~e sqc+ iv iq c}si|mkcev vo m akmig ol
gmqvczy jy J mef m aoefivioe ol qcz|ivsfc loz M% Mef ~`ce no|czegcev jy
lozg ol km~ vmhcq v`c tzotczvy ol M mef ni|cq iv vo J+ ~`cv`cz jy fizcav
aoeliqamvioe oz jy iefizcav gcmeq+ iv iq m |iokmvioe ol fsvy mef m sqsztmvioe ol
to~cz% Iv iq eoec v`c kcqq zojjczy+ jcamsqc iv iq foec sefcz v`c lozgq ol km~+mef iq amkkcf vmpmvioe% ^c `m|c v`c mjqoksvc zin`v ol qo|czcinevy%
Km~q ol goeotoky+ ~`czcjy qtcaimk tzi|ikcncq mzc aoelczzcf oe v`c lc~ mv v`c
cptceqc ol v`c gmey mkk fcqvzoy v`c c}smkivy ol zin`v ~`ia` cma` gme `mq ie
v`c cpaksqi|c sqc ol `igqckl+ mef qsjbcavq `ig mef `iq tzotczvy vo qtoikmvioemef tksefcz% ^c `m|c v`c mjqoksvc zin`v ol c}smkivy%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 44/231
Gozc Secesgczmvcf Zin`vq
V`c no|czegcev `mq eo bsqv zin`v vo to~cz ~`ia` iv tcz|czvq vo v`c iebszy ol v`c
zin`v iv ~mq ozfmiecf vo tzovcav% ^c `m|c v`c mjqoksvc zin`v vo kigivcfno|czegcev%
Gme+ ~`oqc zin`v iq vo jc aoeqcz|cf+ iq josef jy zckiniosq fsvy vo sqc mkk gcmeqie `iq to~cz vo zclozg+ a`menc mef zcaoeqvzsav v`c no|czegcev+ qo mq v`mv iv q`mkk
aoelozg ivq mavioe vo ivq vzsqv fsvy vo `ig% ^c `m|c me mjqoksvc zin`v vokcnivigmvc no|czegcev%
^`cec|cz mey lozg ol no|czegcev jcaogcq fcqvzsavi|c ol v`cqc cefq+ iv iq v`c zin`v ol v`ctcotkc vo mkvcz oz vo mjokiq` iv+ mef vo ieqvivsvc m ec~ no|czegcev+ kmyien ivq losefmvioe oe qsa`
tzieaitkcq+ mef oznmeirien ivq to~cz ie qsa` lozg+ mq vo v`cg q`mkk qccg goqv kihcky vo cllcav
v`ciz qmlcvy mef `mttiecqq…^`ce m koen vzmie ol mjsqcq mef sqsztmvioeq+ tszqsien ie|mzimjky
v`c qmgc ojbcav+ c|ieacq m fcqine vo zcfsac v`cg sefcz mjqoksvc fcqtoviqg+ iv iq v`ciz zin`v+ iv iq
v`ciz fsvy+ vo v`zo~ oll qsa` no|czegcev+ mef vo tzo|ifc ec~ nsmzfq loz v`ciz lsvszc qcaszivy%
V`c Fcakmzmvioe ol Iefctcefceac
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 45/231
^iqfog lzog v`c =044.qMeov`cz mef gozc lcmzlsk ieqvzsgcev ol fcqtoviqg iq m
qvmefien mzgcf lozac+ ~`ia`+ oznmeircf vo mef
`mjivsmvcf vo v`c fiqaitkiec ol ojcficeac vo msv`ozivy+
mzc v`c zckimjkc fclcefczq ol to~cz mnmieqv v`c
seoznmeircf lozacq ol zcjckkioe% Iv iq oj|iosq v`mv v`c
fc lmavo no|czegcev+ v`sq fclcefcf mef st`ckf+ ~ikkeov cmqiky jc gmfc m gcfisg loz zclozgq ~`ia` ~ikk
fiqvszj v`c qvmvsq ol v`c tzi|ikcncf akmqqcq mef v`ciz
ievczcqvq% V`cy sqc v`c no|czegcev loz v`ciz jcecliv+
lmiv`lskky ottoqc loz iv mef v`cgqck|cq v`c ievzsqi|c
ievczlczceac ol gmkaoevcevq ~iv` m qyqvcg cgiecevky
qmviqlmavozy vo v`oqc ~`o lccf stoe iv+ v`osn` mf|czqcvo v`c ievczcqvq ol v`c tcotkc ~`o jcmz ivq jszfceq mef
zcmt eoec ol ivq jceclivq% Zclozg ~ikk jc m qko~ nzo~v`
ie v`c lmac ol qsa` m fcqtoviqg%
Bo`e Zmefokt` Vsahcz
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 46/231
No|czegcev ~mq azcmvcf loz Gme+
Gme ~mq eov azcmvcf loz No|czegcevGme iq Vzsqvcc ol `iq kijczvy loz Nof%
Qoaicvy iq v`c Nof'ozfmiecf vzsqvcc loz gme%
No|czegcev iq v`c Nof'ozfmiecf vzsqvcc loz qoaicvy%
Gme iq v`c ojbcav ol mkk v`iq Fi|iec mzzmencgcev% V`cy mzc ozfmiecf loz `ig8 `c ~mq eovazcmvcf loz v`cg% @iq kijczvy mef zin v ol qckl'sqc iq v`c cqqcevimk ojbcav ol v`iq Fi|iec
mzzmencgcev8 v`ciz to~cz iq vo jc cpczaiqcf loz `ig ‖ eov o|cz `ig% @iq noof iq v`c
skvigmvsg ol mkk v`ciz sqc ol to~cz+ mef v`ciz to~cz iq oeky kcnivigmvc ie vivkc oz ie
cpczaiqc ~`ce iv focq bsqviac vo `ig ie v`c tzovcavioe ol `iq zin`v mef kijczvy%
Gme `mq eov oeky v`c zin v ol qckl'tzcqcz|mvioe+ jsv Nof `mq gmfc iv `iq fsvy% Iv iq `iq
tzigmk fsvy+ v`czclozc+ vo qcc v`mv v`c Fi|iec gcmeq ozfmiecf loz `iq tzovcavioe q`mkk eov jctcz|czvcf vo `iq iebszy oz `iq fcqvzsavioe% Gme iq sefcz ojkinmvioe ol fsvy vo vmhc amzc v`mv
v`cqc Fi|iec gcmeq+ akov`cf ~iv` vzsqv loz `iq zin`v+ q`mkk eov jc tcz|czvcf ievo vyzmeeiamk
fclimeacq ol v`c vzsqv% @c gmy zclozg v`iq tovcevimk mncev il `c ame ‖ a`menc iv cevizcky il
eccfcf ‖ mef zcqiqv ivq sqsztcf msv`ozivy il c gsqv% Bo`e Zmefokt` Vsahcz
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 47/231
Osz emvioe+ loz v`c lizqv vigc ie v`c `iqvozy ol v`c ~ozkf+zcaoneircf mef mllizgcf v`mv Nof gmfc v`c Tcotkc iefi|ifsmkky
qo|czcine% V`iq to~cz ~mq eov ni|ce vo mey hien+ zskcz+ ozno|czegcev%
V`czc ame oeky jc oec no|czegcev%
V`c Tcotkc mzc v`c no|czegcev
To~cz ~mq zcqcz|cf2
• VO v`c tcotkc
• LOZ v`c tcotkc
• JY v`c tcotkc• LZOG v`c tcotkc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 48/231
Mgcziameq mzc nsmzmevccf m
Zctsjkiame Lozg ol No|czegcevZctsjkia2 Tczvmieien vo m zctsjkia8 aoeqiqvien ol m aoggoe~cmkv`8 mq m zctsjkiame
aoeqvivsvioe oz no|czegcev%
Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq` Kmensmnc2 Eom` ^cjqvcz =0:0
Aoggoe~cmkv`2 M jofy tokivia+ aoeqiqvien ol m aczvmie tozvioe ol gce seivcf jy aogtmav oz vmaiv mnzccgcev+ sefcz oec lozg ol no|czegcev mef qyqvcg ol km~q% M aoggoe~cmkv` iq tzotczky m lzcc qvmvc8 m zctsjkia% V`c ~ozf qineilicq qvziavky+ v`caoggoe noof oz `mttiecqq8 mef `ceac+ v`c lozg ol no|czegcev qsttoqcf jcqv vo qcaszcv`c tsjkia noof%
Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq` Kmensmnc2 Eom` ^cjqvcz =0:0
Mzviakc I\ Qcavioe 6 ol v`c Aoeqvivsvioe qvmvcq *V`c Seivcf Qvmvcq
q`mkk nsmzmevcc vo c|czy Qvmvc ie v`iq Seioe m Zctsjkiame Lozg ol
No|czegcev%*
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 49/231
V`c Lko~ ol To~cz
Sefcz aoeqvivsvioemk lcfczmkiqg+
v`c to~cz lko~q lzog v`c azcmvoz
vo v`c azcmvcf% V`c Tcotkcazcmvcf v`c no|czegcev…iv fifeov azcmvc yos- Yos mzc v`c qcmv
ol to~cz% V`c no|czegcev iqzcqvziavcf ie ~`mv iv ame mef
ameeov fo% V`c lcfczmk kc|ck iq
gczcky m qcz|iac mnceay vo v`c
qvmvc%
V`c Aoeqvivsvioe mef
Jikk ol Zin`vq kigivq
no|czegcev%%%eov yos-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 50/231
V`c qo|czcine tcotkc oe v`c qoik ol cma` aosevy mqqcgjkcf
voncv`cz sefcz aoggoe km~ vo lozg v`ciz aosevy jofy
tokivia% Aosevicq seivcf vo lozg v`c Qvmvcq% V`c seioe ol
Qvmvcq lozgcf v`c emvioe%
@o~ v`c Emvioe ~mq Lozgcf
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 51/231
^` f
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 52/231
Ym`~c`V`c Lmv`cz
Bsfnc/Km~ni|cz/Hien Iqm 112::
Ieqazitvszmvcf
Ao|cemev~iv` Azcmvioe
V`c Gce mef ^ogce oe v`c KmefQo|czcine hienq/}scceq ie @iq igmnc
Lmgikicq Mqqcgjkicq Bsfiaimk Fiqvziavq
Ym`q`sm
Jckic|czq
mq
Ao|cemev
Tcotkc
Caakcqim
Hoieoeim
V`c Qc|czmk Qvmvcq ie Seioe
mq
V`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam+ M%F% mgcefcf+
=>9=
AoeqvivsvioeOeky no|czeq v`c no|czegcev
Cpcasvi|c Kcniqkmvi|c Bsfiaimk
Lcfczmk No|czegcev
To~czq mzc kigivcf jy aoeqcev
AoeqvivsvioeOeky no|czeq v`c no|czegcev
Cpcasvi|c Kcniqkmvi|c Bsfiaimk
Lcfczmk
Qvmvcq/vczzivozicq
Foavziec2
Qctmzmvioe ol A`sza`
mef Qvmvc
34=a1
Aoztozmvioe
Vmp Iggseivy
Vmp Cpcgtvioe
© Gia`mck'Foemkf+ :440
V`c A`sza`
ameeov jc m
a`sza` mef m
Aoztozmvioe
qigskvmecosqky~iv`osv vzmfien
v`ciz Qo|czcine
Nof loz v`c
Qo|czcine Qvmvc
^`o azcmvcf
v`c a`sza`?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 53/231
Mkkcnimeac vo Nof+ oz
Mkkcnimeac vo SEIVCF QVMVCQ?
Vo jcaogc m aivirce ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq zc}sizcq me Omv` ol Mkkcnimeac% V`iq omv
ieaksfcq v`c lokko~ien t`zmqc2
*I `czcjy fcakmzc+ oe omv`+ v`mv I mjqoksvcky mef cevizcky zceoseac mef mjbszc mkk
mkkcnimeac mef lifckivy vo mey lozcine tzieac+ tovcevmvc+ qvmvc+ oz qo|czcinevy+ ol ~`og
oz ~`ia` I `m|c `czcvolozc jcce m qsjbcav oz aivirce…*
V`iq omv` gmhcq yosz mkkcnimeac vo v`c
Seivcf Qvmvcq qstzcgc vo yosz mkkcnimeac vo Nof%
Qcc S%Q% |% Gmaievoq`+ :01 S%Q% <43 (=91=)+ ~`czc m gme ~mq fceicf aivirceq`it
jcamsqc `c aoskf eov q~cmz
*`iq omv` vo qsttozv mef fclcef v`c Aoeqvivsvioe mef km~q ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ mef vo
jcmz vzsc lmiv` mef mkkcnimeac vo v`c qmgc+ ~ikk jc vmhce ~iv`osv gcevmk zcqcz|mvioe oz
tsztoqc ieaoeqiqvcev v`czc~iv`…*
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 54/231
Vivkc =0 Tmzv I A` >3 ®=36=
^`oc|cz+ jcien m aoeqskmz olliacz msv`ozircf vo nzmev+ iqqsc+ oz
|czily tmqqtozvq+ heo~ienky mef ~ikklskky nzmevq+ iqqscq+ oz |czilicq mey
qsa` tmqqtozv vo oz loz mey tczqoe eov o~ienmkkcnimeac+ vo v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ ~`cv`cz maivirce oz eov'
Q`mkk jc liecf sefcz v`iq vivkc+ igtziqoecf eov gozc v`me :3
ycmzq…%
Loz tsztoqcq ol v`iq qcavioe+ v`c vczg *Qvmvc* gcmeq m Qvmvc ol
v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim+ mef mey aoggoe~cmkv`+
vczzivozy+ oz toqqcqqioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq%
V` i v v v
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 55/231
V`czc cpiqvq v~o qctmzmvcno|czegcevq ‑ v`c oziniemkiq aoeqvivsvioemk ( fc bszc+
aoggoe km~)8 v`c ov`cz iq m
aoztozmvioe ( fc lmavo+ Zogme Ai|ik Km~)%
ZogmeAi|ik Km~
Mgcziame
Aoggoe Km~
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 56/231
Msv`ozivy
Msv`ozivy gcmeq –Tczgiqqioe vo mav%“ V`c Tcotkc nm|c kigivcf Msv`ozivyvo no|czegcev vo mav iq |czy qtcailia ~myq% V`c no|czegcev azcmvcf jy v`c
tcotkc oeky `mq v`c msv`ozivy ni|ce vo iv jy v`c tcotkc%A`iqokg |% Ncoznim : S%Q%6=9 osvkiecq v`c zckmvioeq`itq jcv~cce v`c Qvmvcq
mef v`c tcotkc% V`czc iq oeky –Olliaimk Amtmaivy%“ Eo zin`vq mzc nzmevcf vo v`cno|czegcev oz no|czegcev olliaimkq% V`cy `m|c vo `m|c v`c a`mie ol fckcnmvioe
loz v`c vivkc ol v`ciz olliac% Il v`cy qvct osvqifc ol v`ciz msv`ozivy+ v`cy mzc mavien
ie m tzi|mvc amtmaivy+ mef mzc kimjkc loz v`ciz mavq+ mavioeq+ mef lmikszc vo mav%
V`cy ame oeky fckcnmvc ~`mv v`cy `m|c tczgiqqioe vo fo%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 57/231
Kimjikivy
Il me olliaimk |iokmvcq v`c vzsqv tkmacf stoe `ig jy aoggivvien
mavq osvqifc ol `iq fckcnmvcf msv`ozivy+ oz lmikq vo mav ~`ce zc}sizcf vo
fo qo+ `c iq mavien ie `iq Tzi|mvc amtmaivy+ mef iq tczqoemkky kimjkc%
^c ame v`ce mqh2 –^`mv iq yosz a`mie ol fckcnmvioe ol fsky
aoeqvivsvcf km~lsk msv`ozivy mq iv qtcailiamkky mttkicq vo gc?*
Il olliaimkq (tsjkia qcz|mevq) ameeov tzo|c v`ciz a`mie ol
fckcnmvioe ol fsky aoeqvivsvcf km~lskky msv`ozivy mq iv qtcailiamkky
mttkicq vo yos+ v`ce yos ame ie}sizc2–Sefcz ~`mv km~ oz v`cozy ol km~ fo yos ievcef vo akmig
kigivmvioe+ cpcgtvioe+ oz iggseivy loz tczqoemk kimjikivy loz mavq+
mavioeq+ oz lmikszc vo mav mq iv zckmvcq vo gc?“
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 58/231
.Aoztozmvc Tokiay. focq eovvmhc ievo maaosev Yosz Zin`vq
Mq ~c no mjosv osz fmyq+ ~c qtcef m kov ol osz vigc ievczmavien ~iv`aoztozmvioeq% V`c Aoeqvivsvioe nzmevq c|czyoec v`c sekigivcf zin`v vo aoevzmav%
Olvce+ aoztozmvioeq otczmvc sefcz TOKIAY ie ozfcz vo aoefsav fmiky jsqiecqq ie
me clliaicev gmeecz% Aoztozmvc Tokiaicq fo eov sqsmkky vmhc ievo maaosev v`oqc
eov ie aoevzmav ~iv` v`c aoztozmvioe% Tokiaicq gmy aogtkcvcky o|czkooh yosz
zin`vq% Qo v`c ecpv }scqvioe yos gsqv mqh iq…
*@m|c yos gmfc mey tzo|iqioeq ~iv`ie
yosz tokiay vo maaoggofmvc gy zin`vq?*
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 59/231
V`c no|czegcev ameeov fiqazigiemvc
mnmieqv yos loz eov aoevzmavien ~iv` v`cg-
Mzviakc I Qcavioe =4 Seivcf Qvmvcq Aoeqvivsvioe2 *Eo Qvmvc q`mkk… tmqq mey Km~igtmizien v`c Ojkinmvioe ol Aoevzmavq*
Tzi|mvc aoevzmavq mzc osvqifc ol qvmvsvcq%
Tzi|mvc aoevzmavq mzc eov kigivcf jy qvmvsvcq%
*V`c akmig mef cpczaiqc ol m Aoeqvivsvioemk zin`v Xzin`v vo aoevzmav oz zin`v eovvo aoevzmavW ameeov jc aoe|czvcf ievo m azigc%
Gikkcz |q% SQ :14 L Qstt 60< mv 609
Zin`v vo Aoevzmav mkqo gcmeq
Zin`v EOV vo Aoevzmav
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 60/231
Vczgq ol Mzv
Vczgq mzc ~ozfq oz t`zmqcq v`mv `m|c m qtcaimkircf gcmeien loz m tmzviaskmz nzostoz tzolcqqioe% V`c vziahy tmzv iq v`mv v`c vczg sqsmkky koohq kihc m aoggoe ~ozf+mef qccgq vo zctzcqcev v`c aoggoe ~ozf mef tcotkc tzcqsgc ivq aoggoe gcmeien%Km~yczq+ ieaifcevmkky+ olvce sqc vczgq ieqvcmf ol ~ozfq%
V`iq iq sqsmkky v`c ievcev ~`ce m vczg iq tsv ie tkmac ol m ~ozf
‑ loz tcotkc vo tzcqsgc v`c aoggoe gcmeien%
^ozfq |q% VczgqIe aoggoe kmensmnc+ goqv
~ozfq `m|c oeky oec
gcmeien% V`oqc v`mv `m|c
gozc v`me oec gcmeien amesqsmkky jc sefczqvoof lzog
v`c aoevcpv%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 61/231
Vczgq ol Mzv
Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq` Kmensmnc2 Eom` cjqvcz =0:0 (m%h%m% qo|czcine‐q
fiavioemzy) ~mq tsjkiq`cf ie =0:0 jclozc –vczgq ol mzv“ jcamgc ~ifcky sqcf ie km~q+
qvmvsvcq mef aofcq%
Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy+ lizqv tsjkiq`cf ie =094 mef eo~ ie ivq eiev` cfivioe+ zc|cmkq v`c
ieazcmqien fctcefceac ol v`c kcnmk tzolcqqioe oe qtcaimkircf vczgq% ^iv` cma` ec~
cfivioe+ v`c cfivozq `ifc gozc ol v`ciz qoszacq+ gmhien v`c qvsfy ol km~ vziahicz mef kcqq
aczvmie%
–Vczg“ ‑ M ~ozf oz t`zmqc8 me cptzcqqioe8 tmzviaskmzky oec ~`ia` toqqcqqcq mlipcf mef heo~e gcmeien ie qogc qaiceac+ mzv+ oz tzolcqqioe %
Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy Qipv` Cfivioe
V`iq gcmeq v`mv v`c km~yczq `m|c v`ciz o~ekmensmnc v`mv gmq}sczmfcq mq aoggoe Cenkiq`-
Fiavioemzicq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 62/231
– Ieaksfcq“
Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy Qipv` Cfivioe% Ieaksqio seisq cqv cpaksqio mkvczisq(Foavziec) –v`c ieaksqioe ol oec iq v`c cpaksqioe ol v`c ov cz%“ Cptzcqqfcqazitvioe iq izzclsvmjkc+ ogiqqioe/cpaksqioe iq ievcefcf% IF ol tsjkia'qcavozcpaksfcq tzi|mvc'qcavoz%
Ie Goevcackko Qmkv Ao% |% Svm`+ ::=+ SQ 63: (=9==)+ v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq QstzcgcAoszv qvmvcf v`mv ‛ieaksfcq‗ mef ‛ieaksfien‗ mzc vczgq v`mv fo eov cekmznc jsvkigiv m qsjbcav oz kiqv ol ivcgq%
Vczgq mef t`zmqcq mzc eov aoggoe gcmeien8 ieaksfcq , ieaksfien mzc eovvczgq ol cekmzncgcev+ v`cy‐zc giqmttkicf vo tzi|mvc'qcavoz ‖ m
giqielozgmvioe amgtmine%
–Vo aoeliec ~iv`ie + vo `okf+ vo aoevmie… voaogtziqc+ vo aogtzc`cef8 vo aoevmie%“
Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq`
Kmensmnc2 Eom` cjqvcz =0:0
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 63/231
–Ieaksfc“ kigivq^`ce aofcq+ km~q+ qvmvscq (~zivvce jy km~yczq mef lskk ol qtcaimkircf vczgq)
aoevmie v`c ~ozf „ieaksfcq+‐ oz –ieaksfien+“ v`cy mttky oeky vo ~`mv iq qvmvcf%
Zcqiqv v`c sznc vo mff m jzomfcz gcmeien% ^`ce zcmfien aofcq mef km~q
aoevmieien –ieaksfcq+“ oz –ieaksfien+“ qmy vo yoszqckl –ieaksfcq OEKY …“oz –iq kigivcf vo…“
V`czc mzc me cqvigmvcf <4+444+444 aofcq
mef qvmvsvcq ie v`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ+ qo zcmf
amzclskky-
.Aofcq. mzc ~zivvce ie aofc mef mzc eov km~q-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 64/231
Zcgcgjcz yosz jmqia Cenkiq` kcqqoeq mjosv `o~ vo ~zivc m tzotcz eose+ qsa` mqqogcoec‐q emgc? Oeky v`c lizqv kcvvcz ol cma` ~ozf iq amtivmkircf+ c%n%+ –Bo`e Qgiv`%“
^`ce m aoztozmvioe oz ov`cz mzviliaimk cevivy iq lozgcf+ iv iq mk~myq ni|ce me MKKAMTIVMK emgc2 –PYR AOZT%“ (Fo m aoztozmvioe qcmza` oe yosz QCAZCVMZY OLQVMVC‐q ~cjqivc% Mzviliaimk cevivicq mzc mk~myq ~zivvce ie mkk amtivmk kcvvczq%)
M qcmza` ol Fse , Jzmfqvzccv‟q ~cjqivc (~~~%fej%aog) q`o~q v`mv
‛NO\CZEGCEV OL V@C SEIVCF QVMVCQ‗ iq m aoztozmvioe% Fseq¥ Esgjcz =<'=94'<=91% ! ol Cgtkoyccq2 :+><0+00<% Ycmz Ieaoztozmvcf2 =>0>%
V`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ FCTMZVGCEV OL V@C MTZGY `mq Fseq¥ esgjcz=='693'409: mef o~eczq`it iq *Tzi|mvc%* ! ol Cgtkoyccq2 :+><0+00< + v`c qmgc mq loz v`c cevivy kiqvcf mjo|c%
Meov`cz Km~ycz‐q Vziah
^iv` Kmensmnc2 Amtivmkirmvioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 65/231
Eo~+ kcv‐q kooh mv v`c emgc oe v`cqc aoggoe ivcgq2
Qoaimk qcaszivy amzf
Fzi|cz‐q kiaceqcA`cahien maaosev qvmvcgcev
Jizv` aczviliamvc
V`c‛EMGC‗ ie mkk amtivmk kcvvczq iq me cevivy emgc% V`iq mzviliaimk cevivy emgc iq aoggoeky heo~e mq v`c QVZM^ GME%
Amtivmkirmvioe… aoev‟f
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 66/231
M –lzoev“8 m v`izf tmzvy ~`o iq tsv st ie emgc oeky vo vmhc tmzv ie m vzmeqmavioe% Eogiemk
tmzvy vo m vzmeqmavioe8 oec ~`o mavq mq me mncev loz meov`cz loz v`c tsztoqc ol vmhien vivkc vo
zcmk tzotczvy mef cpcasvien ~`mvc|cz foasgcevq mef ieqvzsgcevq v`c tzieaitmk gmy fizcav
zcqtcavien v`c tzotczvy% ' Jkmah‟q Km~ Fiavioemzy + Qipv` Cfivioe
Me cevivy+ qsa` mq m aoztozmvioe+ azcmvcf jy km~ mef ni|ce aczvmie kcnmk zin`vq mef fsvicq ol
m `sgme jcien8 m jcien+ zcmk oz igmniemzy+ ~`o loz v`c tsztoqc ol kcnmk zcmqoeien iq vzcmvcfgozc oz kcqq mq m `sgme jcien% Mkqo vczgcf liaviviosq tczqoe8 bsziqvia tczqoe8 kcnmk tczqoe8
gozmk tczqoe% ' Jkmah‟q Km~ Fiavioemzy + Qc|cev` Cfivioe
Qvzm~gme2
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 67/231
.Qvzm~gme. sqcf loz ikkcnmk mavq-
Qvzm~ gme% M v`izf tmzvy sqcf ie qogc vzmeqmavioeq mq m vcgtozmzyvzmeqlczcc vo mkko~ v`c tzieaitmk tmzvicq vo maaogtkiq` qogcv`ien v`mv iq
ov`cz~iqc igtczgiqqijkc% ' Jkmah‟q Km~ Fiavioemzy + Cin`v` Cfivioe
V`iq fclieivioe tmzvky cptkmieq ~`y v`czc iq m qvzm~gme emgc… osz *no|czegcev*
ame oeky zskc ivqckl mef cevivicq v`mv iv azcmvcq+ eov qo|czcine gme% Iv `mq eo
bsziqfiavioe o|cz qo|czcine gme% V`c tzojkcg aogcq jcamsqc ~c v`c tcotkc `m|ckoqv v`iq sefczqvmefien+ mef v`czc iq eo~ me mqqsgtvioe v`mv ~c mzc v`c qvzm~gme%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 68/231
^`mv‐q ie m emgc?A`ziqvime emgc2 V`c jmtviqgmk emgc mq fiqvieav lzog v`c qiz emgc% Qvzmvvoe |% Loqvcz+ == Gc% 6<>
A`ziqvime emgc2 V`c jmtviqgmk emgc mq fiqvieav lzog v`c qszemgc% V`c emgc ~`ia` iq ni|ce oec mlvcz`iq jizv` oz mv jmtviqg+ oz iq mlvcz~mzf mqqsgcf jy `ig ie mffivioe vo `iq lmgiky emgc% Qsa` emgc gmyaoeqiqv ol m qienkc kcvvcz% Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy+ <v` Cfivioe%
Lskk emgc2 V`c lizqv+ giffkc mef qszemgc ol m tczqoe+ oz v`c lizqv emgc+ giffkc ieivimk mef qszemgc%Gmy mkqo zclcz vo emgc sefcz ~`ia` m tczqoe iq heo~e ie v`c aoggseivy%
Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy+ <v` Cfivioe%Liaviviosq emgc2 M aosevczlciv+ mkimq+ lcinecf+ oz tzcvcefcf emgc vmhce jy m tczqoe+ fillczien ie qogccqqcevimk tmzviaskmz lzog `iq vzsc emgc (aoeqiqvien ol A`ziqvime emgc mef tmvzoeygia)+ ~iv` v`cigtkiamvioe v`mv iv iq gcmev vo fcaci|c oz giqkcmf% Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy+ <v` Cfivioe%
Fiqvieav2 C|ifcevky eov ifceviamk8 oj|iosqky oz fcaifcfky fillczcev%
Jmyec |% Hmeqmq Aivy+ Go% Mtt% :<1 Q%^% 634+ 63=
Ame yos lief mey c|ifceac v`mv m ‛kmqv emgc‗ iq meyv`ien jsv me ifcevilicz v`mv ~`cesqcf+ ifcevilicq oec mq m Qvzm~Gme?
Qo|czcineq foe‟v `m|c ‛kmqv emgcq+‗ v`cy `m|c ‛lmgiky emgcq%‗
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 69/231
Sefczqvoof2 v`c
t`zmqc –iv iq
sefczqvoof+“ ~`ce
cgtkoycf mq m
~ozf ol
aoevzmav…`mq v`c
qmgc nceczmk lozac
mq v`c ~ozfq –iv iq
mnzccf%“' Jkmahq Km~ Fiavioemzy+
Qipv` Cfivioe
Sefczqvmef…oz Qvmef Sefcz?
V`c vczg sefczqvmef
gcmeq yos mzc ie
mnzccgcev+ yos
kivczmkky „qvmef sefcz‐
qogcoec ckqc‐q
msv`ozivy
V`c ~ozf
sefczqvmef gcmeq
v`mv yos gcevmkky
nzmqt ~`mv iq jcien
qmif%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 70/231
Me mf`cqioe aoevzmav iq m kcnmkky jiefien mnzccgcev jcv~cce v~o tmzvicq vo
fo m aczvmie v`ien+ ie ~`ia` oec qifc `mq mkk v`c jmznmieien to~cz mef sqcq
iv vo ~zivc v`c aoevzmav tzigmziky vo `iq oz `cz mf|mevmnc%
–Me cpmgtkc ol me mf`cqioe aoevzmav iq m qvmefmzfircf aoevzmav lozg v`mv
ollczq noofq oz qcz|iacq vo aoeqsgczq oe cqqcevimkky m *vmhc iv oz kcm|c iv*
jmqiq ~iv`osv ni|ien aoeqsgczq zcmkiqvia ottozvseivicq vo ecnovimvc vczgq v`mv
~oskf jcecliv v`ciz ievczcqvq% ^`ce v iq oaaszq+ v`c aoeqsgcz ameeov ojvmie
v`c fcqizcf tzofsav oz qcz|iac sekcqq `c oz q`c ma}sicqacq vo v`c lozgaoevzmav “ Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy+ Qipv` Cfivioe
Mf`cqioe Aoevzmavq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 71/231
^`mv @mttceq vo Yos
Sefcz Me Mf`cqioe Aoevzmav
C|czy vigc yos qine m qvmefmzfircf lozg oz mttkiamvioe loz yosz QVMVC+AOSEVY+ oz AIVY+ iv iq goqv kihcky me mf`cqioe aoevzmav (~zivvce loz v`ciz
jcecliv) gmhien yos m „=6v` mgcefgcev tczqoe+‐ qsjbcav vo v`ciz qvmvsvcq mefaofcq% Ie cqqceac+ `czc iq ~`mv v`cy ncv mef `o~ v`cy qcc yos2
Yosz ojkinmvioe vo ojcy v`ciz aoztozmvc zskcq iq sefczqvoofYos mzc qsjbcav vo v`ciz aoztozmvc tokiay mef v`ciz aoztozmvc a`mzvczqYos mzc eo koencz qcce mq m qo|czcine gme oz ~ogme
Yos mzc tzcqsgcf vo jc m QVZM^ GME (mef eov m qo|czcine gme oz ~ogme)
V`iq iq eov yos-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 72/231
Aoggoe Mf`cqioe Aoevzmavq
^6 ( Lcfczmk cgtkoygcev mttkiamvioe)
Mey QVMVC+ AIVY+ oz AOSEVY kiaceqc oz tczgiv
Jizv` Aczviliamvc
QQEFzi|cz‐q Kiaceqc
Lcfczmk Rit Aofc
Gmzzimnc Kiaceqc
V`c sqc ol Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c Eovcq
\ovcz zcniqvzmvioe mttkiamvioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 73/231
Seivcf Qvmvcq Aoeqvivsvioe+
Mzviakc I+ qcavioe =4+ akmsqc =–Eo Qvmvc q`mkk cevcz ievo mey Vzcmvy+ Mkkimeac+ oz Aoelcfczmvioe8
nzmev Kcvvczq ol Gmz}sc mef Zctziqmk8 aoie Goecy8 cgiv Jikkq ol
Azcfiv8 gmhc mey V`ien jsv nokf mef qik|cz Aoie m Vcefcz ieTmygcev ol Fcjvq8 tmqq mey Jikk ol Mvvmiefcz+ cp toqv lmavo Km~+
oz Km~ igtmizien v`c Ojkinmvioe ol Aoevzmavq+ oz nzmev mey
Vivkc ol Eojikivy%“
Aoevzmavq mzc tzi|mvc km~…
eov aoevzokkcf jy v`c Aoeqvivsvioe%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 74/231
M ozf mjosv Kiaceqcq
M kiaceqc iq m nzmev vo fo v`mv ~`ia` ~oskf ov`cz~iqc jc ikkcnmk% Il ~c `m|c v`c zin`v vo vzm|ck+ ~`ia` iq zcaoneircf v`zosn`osv v`c emvioe+ ~`y iq m kiaceqczc}sizcf?
–Govoz \c`iakc ‑ v`c vczg –govoz |c`iakc“ gcmeq c|czy fcqazitvioe ol amzzimncoz ov`cz aoevzi|meac tzotckkcf oz fzm~e jy gca`meiamk to~cz mef sqcf lozaoggczaimk tsztoqcq oe v`c `in`~myq ie v`c vzmeqtozvmvioe ol tmqqcenczq+tmqqcenczq mef tzotczvy+ oz tzotczvy oz amzno%“
S%Q% Aofc Vivkc =0 Tmzv I A` : Qcavioe 1= (<)
Eovc v`mv „mef. gcmeq v`mv JOV@ tmzvq ol v`c fclieivioe mzc zc}sizcf vo akmqqilyqogcv`ien mq m .govoz |c`iakc%. OEKY aoggczaimk |c`iakcq mzc .govoz |c`iakcq.mef qsjbcav vo v`c *GOVOZ \C@IAKC AOFCQ%*
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 75/231
Zc'|cescf
/Zc|cescf
Qieac yos `m|c v`c zin`v vo vzm|ck+
yos mkqo `m|c v`c zin`v vo vzm|ck
segokcqvcf jy aoztozmvc mncevq qcchien vo zc|cesc yos%
Il v`czc iq eo tzojmjkc amsqc v`mv yos aoggivvcf m lckoey+
mef v`czc iq eo km~lsk qcmza` ~mzzmev+
mef yos mzc eov ie aoggczac+
v`cy `m|c eo zin`v vo qvot yos%
Qcc Mzviakc I\+ Jikk ol Zin`vq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 76/231
Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c Eovcqmef v`c Mf`cqioe Aoevzmav
V`c sqc ol azcfiv eovcq ~mq lozacf stoe v`c tcotkc ie Mgcziam ie =911 jy @osqc Boiev
Zcqoksvioe (@BZ) =9: (=911)+ v`czcjy lozaien v`c maactvmeac ol Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c Eovcq
(*LZ E q*) mq kcnmk vcefcz ie kics ol tmygcev ol fcjv% @BZ =9: gmfc mkk Qvmvc mef Lcfczmk
no|czegcevq km~ gcza`mevq+ v`czcjy fcqvzoyien v`ciz qo|czcinevy mq qvmvcq mef tkmaien
v`cg sefcz v`c tzi|mvc qifc ol ievczemvioemk km~% Qcc SAA =':4= (:0)+ mef Akcmzlickf
Vzsqv Ao% |% S%Q%+ (=961) 1=0 SQ 1<1 mef zckmvcf amqcq (1=S%Q%A% Qcav 3==0(f)+ Tsjkia
Km~ >1'=4%)
*M jikk+ fzmlv+ a`cah+ Xfcjiv amzfq+ azcfiv amzfq+W oz eovc iq m aoevzmav+ mef v`c lsefmgcevmk
zskcq no|czeien aoevzmav km~ mzc mttkiamjkc vo v`c fcvczgiemvioe ol v`c kcnmk }scqvioeq~`ia` mziqc o|cz qsa` ieqvzsgcevq%
' =qv Mgcziame Bsziqtzsfceac+ |ok%>+ tn%>00 (cgt`mqcq mffcf)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 77/231
S%Q% Qstzcgc Aoszv
@mnmz \% Zcakmgmvioe Fiqvziav+ === S%Q% >4= (=006)
V`c mavq ol Aoenzcqq gmhien v`c eovcq ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq m kcnmk
vcefcz fo eov mttky vo ie|oksevmzy aoevzijsvioeq ie v`c emvszc ol vmpcq oz mqqcqqgcevq cpmavcf sefcz qvmvc km~q+ jsv oeky vo fcjvq ie
v`c qvziav qceqc ol v`c vczg8 v`mv iq+ vo ojkinmvioeq losefcf oe
aoevzmavq+ cptzcqq oz igtkicf+ loz v`c tmygcev ol goecy%
Eo Qvmvc q`mkk gmhc mey V`ien jsv nokf mef qik|cz
aoie m Vcefcz ie Tmygcev ol Fcjvq%
Aoeqvivsvioe Mzviakc = Qcavioe =4
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 78/231
V`c Nokf Aoeliqamvioe ol Mtzik 3+ =911
I+ Lzmehkie F% Zooqc|ckv+ Tzcqifcev ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam+ fofcakmzc v`mv qmif emvioemk cgcznceay qvikk aoeviescq vo cpiqv mef tszqsmevvo qmif qcavioe vo fo `czcjy tzo`ijiv v`c `omzfien nokf aoie+ nokf jskkioe+mef nokf aczviliamvcq ~iv`ie v`c aoeviecevmk Seivcf Qvmvcq jy iefi|ifsmkq+
tmzveczq`itq+ mqqoaimvioeq mef aoztozmvioeq mef `czcjy tzcqazijc v`clokko~ien zcnskmvioeq loz amzzyien osv v`c tsztoqcq ol v`c ozfcz2Qcavioe =% Loz v`c tsztoqc ol v`iq zcnskmvioe+ v`c vczg .`omzfien* gcmeqv`c ~iv`fzm~mk mef ~iv``okfien ol nokf aoie+ nokf jskkioe+ mef nokfaczviliamvcq lzog v`c zcaoneircf mef asqvogmzy a`meeckq ol vzmfc% V`cvczg *tczqoe* gcmeq mey iefi|ifsmk+ tmzveczq`it+ mqqoaimvioe oz
aoztozmvioe%Qcavioe :% Mkk tczqoeq mzc `czcjy zc}sizcf vo fcki|cz oe oz jclozc Gmy =+=911+ vo m Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c jmeh oz m jzmea` oz mnceay v`czcol oz vo mey gcgjcz jmeh ol v`c Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c Qyqvcg mkk nokf aoie+ nokf jskkioe+mef nokf aczviliamvcq eo~ o~ecf jy v`cg oz aogien ievo v`ciz o~eczq`itoe oz jclozc Mtzik :0+ =911
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 79/231
@BZ =9: mef
Tsjkia Km~ A`mt% 60+ 60 Qvmv% ==:Oe Bsec 3+ =911+ Aoenzcqq tmqqcf @osqc Boiev Zcqoksvioe(@BZ =9:)% Aoenzcqqioemk zcqoksvioeq mzc eov km~% V`c cpmavqmgc ~ozfien ol @BZ =9: iq mkqo losef ie Tsjkia Km~ A`mt%
60+ 60 Qvmv% ==:% V`cqc ~czc tmqqcf vo qsqtcef v`c nokfqvmefmzf mef mjzonmvc v`c nokf akmsqc ie v`c emvioemkaoeqvivsvioe% Qieac v`ce eo oec ie Mgcziam `mq jcce mjkc vokm~lskky tmy m fcjv%Aoenzcqq `mq eo zin`vlsk to~cz oz msv`ozivy vo a`menc v`c
Aoeqvivsvioe ~`ia` kigivq iv% V`cy ame+ `o~c|cz+ a`mencv`c aoztozmvc .aoeqvivsvioe. loz v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim+~`ia` oeky mttkicq vo v`ciz vczzivozy mef toqqcqqioeq+ eovvo v`c Zctsjkia qvmvcq%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 80/231
Qo|czcine gme oe v`c qoik ol v`iq
emvioe azcmvcf ai|ikime no|czegcev+
mef fcazccf v`mv iv iq vo jc mEmvioemk Zctsjkiame no|czegcev
ie lozg (v`c ~zivvce lzmgc~ozh)+
lko~ mef qvykc+ v`sq azcmvien m
kigivcf no|czegcev eov vo ielzienc
stoe oec‐q qo|czcinevy% Mjqoksvc to~cz
mef msv`ozivy ~mq zcqcz|cf oeky vo v`c
cevizc emvioemk qo|czcine tcotkc%
Ie v`c Jcnieeien…
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 81/231
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 82/231
^`ce v`c Qosv`cze Qvmvcq (mevi'lcfczmkiqv mef Qvmvcq'zin`vq mf|oamvcq)
qcacfcf+ Aoenzcqq aoskf eov gmhc m }sozsg+ qo+ oe Gmza` :0+ =0<=+ ivmfboszecf qiec fic (Kmvie2 ~iv`osv m fmy)8 v`mv iq+ ~iv`osv meeoseaien ~`ceiv ~oskf zcaoe|cec% Iv v`czcjy |mamvcf v`c fc bszc (km~lsk) aoeqvivsvioemkno|czegcev%
V`iq azcmvcf mecgcznceay+ mq ivkclv eo ai|ikimeno|czegcev ietkmac mefzc}sizcf gikivmzyzskc vo gmievmieozfcz%
V`c Vzsc Ai|ik ^mz
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 83/231
Ie =0<= v`c aoe'lcfczmvc qvmvcq ~czc v`c oeky fc bszc aoeqvivsvioemkircfno|czegcev stoe qcacfien vo tzcqcz|c v`ciz qvmvc‐q zin`vq% V`czc ~mq eo eozv`cze
no|czegcev kclv ~iv` ~`ia` vo qine m tcmac vzcmvy8 v`czclozc+ Kieaoke fcakmzcf
Gmzvimk Km~ Mtzik :6v`+ =0<1 jy Nceczmk Ozfcz esgjcz =44%`vvt2//ce%~ihitcfim%ozn/~ihi/Aoelcfczmvc_Qvmvcq_Aoeqvivsvioe
`vvt2//~~~%likijsqvczamzvooeq%aog/AQM%`vg
`vvt2//m|mkoe%km~%ymkc%cfs/=9v`_acevszy/kicjcz%mqt
V`iq aoefivioe iq qvikk ie cllcav vofmy mef iq zcec~cf jy cma` qsaacqqi|c tzcqifcev%
Gmzvimk Km~
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 84/231
Cpcasvi|c OzfczqV`c Cpcasvi|c Ozfcz iq eov msv`ozircf jy v`c aoeqvivsvioe oz km~q ol v`c
Seivcf Qvmvcq+ mef iv ameeov qvmef% Yosenqvo~e Q`ccv , Vsjc Ao% |% Qm~ycz
161 S%Q% 3>9+ =93:
^`y `m|c v`c Tzcqifcevq qinecf v`osqmefq ol Cpcasvi|c Ozfczq qieac v`cy mzc
zskcf vo jc tmvcevky seaoeqvivsvioemk? (Iv iq qigtky Aoztozmvc Tokiay km~lsk
oeky o|cz v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim%)
^`y fif aoenzcqq fcakmzc v`mv mkk mavq ol mkk Tzcqifcevq qieac =911+ MEF mkklsvszc mavq ol v`c Tzcqifcev mzc km~lsk? (Qmgc meq~cz%)
`vvt2//~~~%mza`i|cq%no|/lcfczmk'zcniqvcz/cpcasvi|c'ozfczq/
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 85/231
Oe Lcjzsmzy :=+ =0>=+ Aoenzcqq tmqqcf me Mav vivkcf2 –Me MavVo Tzo|ifc M No|czegcev loz v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim+“ mkqo
heo~e mq v`c –Mav ol =0>=%“ (Qcc –Mavq ol v`c Lozvy'LizqvAoenzcqq+“ Qcavioe 16+ Qcqqioe III+ a`mtvczq <= mef <:%) ^iv`v`iq mav+ mef ~iv` eo aoeqvivsvioemk msv`ozivy vo fo qo+ Aoenzcqqazcmvcf m qctmzmvc lozg ol no|czegcev loz v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim+ m vce'gikc q}smzc tmzack ol kmef%
M Qctmzmvc No|czegcev Lozgcf
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 86/231
V`c –Mav ol =0>=“ qsttoqcfky azcmvcf m –gseiaitmk aoztozmvioe“ vo no|cze v`cFiqvziav ol Aoksgjim% Ycv+ il oec aoeqifczq v`mv v`c gseiaitmk no|czegcev `mfmkzcmfy jcce ieaoztozmvcf ie =040 ‑ jy me –oznmeia (oziniemk) mav“ ' v`c sqc ol v`c
t`zmqc –gseiaitmk aoztozmvioe“ ie =0>= ame oeky zclcz vo m tzi|mvc aoztozmvioeo~ecf jy v`c gseiaitmkivy2 –S%Q% Aozt%+“ V`iq aoztozmvioe zclczq vo ivqckl mq v`c–SEIVCF QVMVCQ+“ cv% mk% V`iq Mav tkmacf Aoenzcqq ie aoevzok mq jomzf ol fizcavozq ol v`c aoztozmvioe+ ~`oqc tsztoqc ~mq vo mav mq v`c no|czeien jofy o|czv`c gseiaitmkivy%
V`iq lmaikivmvcf ivq fizcavien jsqiecqq sefcz gmzvimk km~ mef tczgivvcfAoenzcqq vo cenmnc ie aoztozmvc mavi|ivicq tzo`ijivcf jy v`c Aoeqvivsvioe%Aoenzcqq aoskf v`ce tmqq mey km~ iv fcqizcf vo mttky ~iv`ie v`c vce'gikcq}smzc ol v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim%
V`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim
Oznmeia Mav ol =0>=
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 87/231
V`c Mav ol =0>= mkqo amkkcf loz mfotvien m aoztozmvc aoeqvivsvioe (loz S%Q%
Aozt%)'asziosqky ifceviamk vo v`c Aoeqvivsvioe loz v`c seivcf Qvmvcq ol
Mgcziam+ giesq v`c oziniemk =1v` mgcefgcev+ ~`ia` lozjmfc vivkcq ol eojikivy% V`c ec~ aoztozmvc –no|czegcev“ cgto~czcf mvvozecyq vo ~ickf
to~cz fizcavky+ ~`czcmq v`c =1v` mgcefgcev vo v`c oziniemk+ emvioemk
aoeqvivsvioe tzo`ijivq v`mv% @o~ aoe|ceicev- Sefcz aoztozmvc zskcq+ tokiay
iq qigtky fiavmvcf+ eov zmvilicf%
V`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim
Oznmeia Mav ol =0>=… aoev‐f
Mfotv ‑ –V`c zcaci|ien mq oec‐q o~e… v`mv iq eov emvszmk%*
' ^cjqvcz‐q+ =0:0%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 88/231
`vvt2//gcgozy%koa%no|/ani'
jie/mgtmnc?aokkIf7kkqk,lik
cEmgc74=</kkqk4=<%fj,zc
aEsg7633
Qcc v`c cevizc Mav mv v`c
Kijzmzy ol Aoenzcqq ~cj
qivc q`o~e mjo|c%
V`c Fiqvziav ol
AoksgjimOznmeia Mav ol
=0>=… aoev‐f
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 89/231
Eoviac v`c ~ozfien vo v`c zin`v ol v`c zmvilicfmef tsjkiq`cf Mzviakc =1 ol v`c Aoeqvivsvioe loz
v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam…
V`ce aogtmzc v iq vo v`c ~ozfien vo v`c
Aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ Mzviakc =1…
• Qcavioe =% Eciv`cz qkm|czy eoz ie|oksevmzy
qcz|ivsfc+ cpactv mq m tseiq`gcev loz azigc
~`czcol v`c tmzvy q`mkk `m|c jcce fsky
aoe|iavcf+ q`mkk cpiqv ~iv`ie v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ oz
mey tkmac qsjbcav vo v`ciz bsziqfiavioe%
• Qcavioe :% Aoenzcqq q`mkk `m|c to~cz vo
celozac v`iq mzviakc jy mttzotzimvc kcniqkmvioe%“
V`c tzieaitkc ievcev ol v`c *giqqien* =1v`
Mgcefgcev ~mq vo tzo ijiv km~yczq lzog
qcz|ien ie no|czegcev+ mq mkk km~yczq `m|c m vivkc
ol eojikivy ‑ v`mv ol cq}sizc%
V`c =1v` Mgcefgcev
Cq}sizc2 ‛M vivkc ol fineivy ecpv ie fcnzcc
jcko~ m hein`v%* Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq` Kmensmnc2
Eom` cjqvcz =0:0
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 90/231
SEIVCF QVMVCQ NO\CZEGCEV aoztozmvioe mq kigivcf
bsziqfiavioe ‑ OEKY o|cz v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim+ mey tzotczvicq
acfcf vo iv+ mef mey vczzivozicq o~ecf jy iv% Qogc ol v`c
vzmfcgmzhcf emgcq mzc2
V@C SEIVCF QVMVCQ OL MGCZIAM+ mhm
S%Q% NO\CZEGCEV+ mhm
SEIVCF QVMVCQ+ mhmSQ AOZT+ mhm
S%Q%M%+ mhm
S%Q%
S%Q%M% Vzmfcgmzhcf
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 91/231
V`c bsziqfiavioe ol
v`c SEIVCF
QVMVCQ iq kigivcfvo v`c vce'gikc
q}smzc Fiqvziav ol
Aoksgjim%
Kigivcf Bsziqfiavioe
~~~%josefmzyqvoecq%ozn
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 92/231
V`c Aoeqazitvioe Mav iq v`c losefmvioe ol Tzcqifcevimk Cpcasvi|c Ozfczqmsv`ozivy% Iv ~mq ce`meacf ie =9=> jy v`c Vzmfien ~iv` v`c Cecgy Mav (TsjkiaKm~ <3'9=+ <3v` Aoenzcqq+ Qcqqioe=+ A`mtvczq =43+ =4<+ Oavojcz <+ =9=>) meflszv`cz ce`meacf ie =911 ~iv` v`c Cgcznceay ^mz To~czq Mav+ zcec~cf c|czyv~o ycmzq jy v`c tzcqifcev% Voncv`cz v`cqc mavq mffzcqq v`c tcotkc ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq mq v`c cecgy+ eov v`c qo|czcineq ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam% V`cqc– tcotkc“ mzc =6v` mgcefgcev aivirceq ol v`c S%Q%+ azcmvcf jy v`c SEIVCFQVMVCQ+ i%c%+ m –S%Q% AIVIRCE%“
Tkcmqc eovc v`c mkk amtivmk aoztozmvc
emgc- Mkqo eovc v`mv „ Mgcziam‟ iqe‐v
c|ce oe v`c qcmk%
V`c Aoeqazitvioe Mav
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 93/231
Aoztozmvc
\ovienYosz „|ovc‐ iq
qvziavky
AOZTOZMVC-
^`ce yos likk
osv m |ovcz
zcniqvzmvioe yosni|c st yosz
qo|czcinevy%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 94/231
Zcaoeqvzsavioe Mavq ' =0<3V`cqc Mavq Zc'qvzsavszcf v`c Seioe ievo m Zogme Ai|ik Km~
no|czegcev ~iv`osv v`c aoeqcev oz |ovc ol v`c tcotkc% V`c
no|czegcev `mf EO MSV@OZIVY vo fo v`iq% V`c cllcavq ieaksfcf
q~iva`ien v`c qoszac mef qyqvcg ol km~ lzog Aoggoe Km~ vo oec ol
Zogme Ai|ik Km~% Mkqo+ v`c tcotkc ~czc Zc'|cescf ievo =6v`
mgcefgcev SEIVCF QVMVCQ aivirceq ~iv` oeky v`c tzi|ikcncq
nzmevcf v`cg jy v`c no|czegcev% V`czc iq eo qo|czcinevy loz v`c
tcotkc ie v`iq qyqvcg%
V`c Zcaoeqvzsavioe Mavq mzc jkmvmevky seaoeqvivsvioemk%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 95/231
Zcaoeqvzsavioe Mavq+ aoev%
Mlvcz v`c tmqqmnc ol v`c Zcaoeqvzsavioe Mavq+ cma` *qvmvc* ~mq zc}sizcf vo cemav
m ec~ qvmvc aoeqvivsvioe ~`ia` ~mq m aoztozmvc a`mzvcz v`mv gmfc v`c qvmvc m
aoztozmvc lzmea`iqc ol v`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ aoztozmvioe%
Aoeqvivsvioeq m|c vo jc mjokiq`cf oz mgcefcf jy v`c ~ikk ol v`c tcotkc% V`cy
ameeov qigtky jc zctkmacf mv v`c ~`ig ol no|czegcev%
V`c ec~ aoeqvivsvioeq kclv v`c zctsjkia qvmvcq ievmav ‑ v`cy mzc qvikk v`czc ‑ bsqv
qivvien cgtvy%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 96/231
Zcaoeqvzsav
Vo aoeqvzsav mnmie+ vo zcjsikf+ civ`cz ie lmav oz ifcm+ oz vo zcgofck% Vo
lozg mnmie oz mec~ mq ie v`c igmniemvioe oz vo zcqvozc mnmie mq me
cevivy v`c v`ien ~`ia` ~mq koqv oz fcqvzoycf% Aivy ol Qcmvvkc |%
Eozv`cze Tma% Zy% Ao%+ =: ^mq` :f :6>+ =:= T%:f 10:+ 10<%
Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy+ qipv` cfivioe
QVMVC aoeqvivsvioeq azcmvcf mlvcz =0<3 mzc nceczmkky azcmvien m loz'tzoliv
aoztozmvc lzmea`iqc ol v`c SQ AOZT mef eov m zctsjkia Qvmvc ~iv`ie v`c seioe
ol Qvmvcq%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 97/231
V`c Aoeqvivsvioe Kigivq No|czegcev
V`c no|czegcev ameeov zctcmk+ azcmvc+ oz zc|iqc v`c aoeqvivsvioe v`mv
azcmvcf iv% V`c tcotkc azcmvc Aoeqvivsvioeq vo KIGIV v`c no|czegcev% Il
no|czegcev azcmvcq m Aoeqvivsvioe+ iv ame oeky jc me cevivy qsa` mq maoztozmvioe+ qsjbcav vo v`mv no|czegcev+ mef v`iq cevivy ameeov `m|c gozc to~cz
oz msv`ozivy v`me v`c no|czegcev ~`ia` azcmvcf iv%
Osz Aoeqvivsvioe iq v`czc vo kigiv osz no|czegcev% Iv `mq eo cllcav stoe
~c v`c tcotkc% Iv iq v`czc vo tzovcav sq lzog to~cz `senzy tokiviaimeq mef
no|czegcev olliaimkq% Iv iq ievczcqvien v`mv no|czegcev olliaimkq eo~ fczifienky
amkk ~c v`c tcotkc –Aoeqvivsvioemkiqvq“ ~`ce ~c amkk stoe v`cg vo jc kigivcf jy
v`c msv`ozivy v`mv azcmvcf v`ciz olliac ie v`c lizqv tkmac%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 98/231
Zcaoneivioe ol Aoeqvivsvioemk Kigivq
Cpvzmozfiemzy aoefivioeq fo eov azcmvc oz cekmznc aoeqvivsvioemk to~czq%
V`c aoeqvivsvioe cqvmjkiq`cf mq Emvioemk No|czegcev ~iv` to~czq fccgcf vo jc
mfc}smvc+ mq v`cy `m|c tzo|cf vo jc jov` ie ~mz mef tcmac+ jsv v`cqc to~czq ol
v`c Emvioemk No|czegcev mzc kigivcf jy v`c aoeqvivsvioemk nzmevq% V`oqc ~`omav sefcz v`cqc nzmevq mzc eov mv kijczvy vo vzmeqacef v`c igtoqcf kigivq jcamsqc
v`cy jckic|c v`mv gozc oz fillczcev to~cz iq ecacqqmzy% Qsa` mqqczvioeq ol cpvzm'
aoeqvivsvioemk msv`ozivy ~czc meviaitmvcf mef tzcaksfcf jy v`c cptkiaiv vczgq ol
v`c Vcev` Mgcefgcev%
Qa`cavcz Toskvzy Aozt% |% Seivcf Qvmvcq+ :9< S% Q% 694 3:0 X=913W+ aivien
Cp tmzvc Gikkinme+ 6 ^mkk% :+ =:4+ =:= X=0<<W
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 99/231
Ie =9=1 v`c S%Q% Aozt% `mf eo otczmvien amtivmk loz v`ciz–no|czegcev%“ Jy fcqine+ S%Q% Aozt+ ~ozhien ~iv` v`c IevczemvioemkJmehien Amzvck azcmvcf m tzi|mvc aoztozmvioe emgcf+ Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c Jmeh 8 ~`ia` iq eov lcfczmk+ `mq eo zcqcz|cq mef iq eov m jmeh% S%Q%Aozt aoevzmavcf vo vzmeqmav jsqiecqq |im eovcq zmv`cz v`me zcmk goecy%
Eovc2 V`iq jikmvczmk aoevzmav iq
jcv~cce v~o tzi|mvc aoztozmvioeq~iv` eo zckmvioeq`it vo no|czegcev%
Ie Qcmza` ol Goecy
v`
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 100/231
Qigskvmecosqky+ (=9=1) S%Q% Aozt% mfotvq(igtkcgcevq m aoztozmvc tokiay) ivq o~e =<v`mgcefgcev% Ol aoszqc+ v`c Qvmvcq `mf eov
zmvilicf v`c ec~ =<v` mgcefgcev8 v`czclozc+iv focq eov mttky vo v`c gce mef ~ogce ol v`c Zctsjkia oz v`c oznmeia Aoeqvivsvioe% Ielmav+ v`c qstzcgc aoszv zskcf v`mv iv fif eovcptmef to~czq vo vmp+ jsv qigtky akmzilicf v`czin`v ol S%Q% Aozt% vo vmp aoztozmvioeq mef
cgtkoyccq ol S%Q% Aozt% Jzsq`mjcz |% Seioe
Tmailia Z%Z% Ao%+ :64 S%Q% = (=9=<)%
M Ec~ =<v` Mgcefgcev?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 101/231
Ie =9=6 V`c fc bszc (Zctsjkia) qcmvq ol v`c Qcemvc ~czc kclv |mamev mq v`c fc
lmavo (Fcgoazmvia+ S%Q% aoztozmvc) qcmvq ~czc oaasticf% Eoec ol v`c Qvmvc
kcniqkmvszcq ckcavcf Qcemvozq mq tzcqazijcf jy v`c oznmeia Aoeqvivsvioe%
\mameay
V`c Zctsjkia
iq qvikk v`czc+ iv iq bsqv qivvien cgtvy-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 102/231
Mfgivvcf oz Cemjkcf?
Qvmvcq ~czc mfgivvcf ievo v`c Seioe oe c}smk qvmvsq ~iv` v`c
ov`cz qvmvcq% V`cy amgc ie mkzcmfy aogtkcvcf emvioe qvmvcq%
Aoenzcqq+ sefcz v`c aoeqvivsvioe+ `mq eo msv`ozivy
(tczgiqqioe vo mav oz qtcmh loz v`c tcotkc lzog ~c v`c tcotkc) vocemjkcf m qvmvc vo jc azcmvcf mef vo cevcz v`c Seioe oe c}smk
qvmvsq ~iv` v`c ov`cz qvmvcq%
^mq v`c qvmvc yos ki|c oe mfgivvcf ievo v`c Seioe mef iq iv
qvikk lseavioeien sefcz ivq oziniemk qvmvc aoeqvivsvioe ~zivvcejclozc v`c =0<3 Zcaoeqvzsavioe Mavq?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 103/231
Otieioe ol Mvvozecy
Nceczmk Cf~mzf Jmvcq+vo Tzcqifcev Kieaoke
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 104/231
V`c =9:4 LCFCZMK
ZCQCZ\C MAV
V`c Vzcmqszy ol v`c seivcf qvmvcq ol Mgcziam ~mqFiqqok|cf ie =9:4%
V`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ VZCMQSZY ~mq azcmvcf
ie =9:4 sefcz v`c LCFCZMK ZCQCZ\C MAV%
V`cqc mzc eov v`c qmgc cevivicq-
V` Li S li f T if
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 105/231
Ie =9=< ^oofzo~ ^ikqoe ~mq zc'ckcavcf jy me Ckcavozmk
Aokkcnc v`mv ~mq eov aoelizgcf jy m aoeqvivsvioemkky qcv
Qcemvc% V`c oeky aoelizgmvioe ~mq m aoztozmvc oec8v`czclozc+ ikqoe ~mq eov aoelizgcf ievo olliac mq
Tzcqifcev ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam+ jsv ieqvcmf ~mq
aoelizgcf mq S%Q% Aozt%‐q tzcqifcev%
V`c Lizqv Seaoelizgcf Tzcqifcev
oofzo~ ikqoe zcvmiecf v`c vivkcAoggmefcz'ie'A`icl mq iv iq eov
josef vo v`c Tzcqifceay% V`iq ~mq
fcgoeqvzmvcf jy Mfmg‐q
mttoievgcev ol Ncoznc mq`ienvoe
mq Aoggmefcz'ie'A`icl%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 106/231
Mjosv =913+ Mgcziameq qvmzvcf cenmnien ie m zckmvioeq`it (mf`cqioe
aoevzmav ) ~iv` v`c Qoaimk Qcaszivy Mfgieiqvzmvioe (QQM)% V`c tsztoqc iq vonceczmvc lsefq loz v`c Nceczmk Vzsqv Lsef% V`c QQM ni|cq c|czyoec m amzf
v`mv focq eov jckoen vo v`cg% V`cy mzc vo `okf iv mef cefozqc iv+ v`sq ni|ien
iv aoeqaiosqecqq mef t`yqiamk zcmkivy (|% liavioemk amtmaivy)% V`iq
maactvmeac gmhcq oec m lifsaimzy (vzsqvcc amtmaivy) loz v`c mavsmk o~ecz ol
v`c amzf% Eo~ v`c `okfcz ol v`c amzf iq ie m vzsqv ‖ ootq- V`c QVZM^
GME iq eov yos+ jsv m vzsqv v`mv yos ni|c kilc vo jy sqien v`c esgjcz mef
maactvien v`c „emgc‐ ol v`c QVZM^ GME% V`iq mav+ ie aoebseavioe ~iv`
v`c Jsah Mav+ azcmvcf me o|czkmy ol bsziqfiavioe oe v`c qvmvcq%
Qoaimk Qcaszivy Mav
ol =9132 @Z >:<4
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 107/231
Jsah Mav
V`c Jsah Mav ol =964 mkko~cf mey fctmzvgcev ol v`c Lcfczmk no|czegcev vo azcmvc m–Lcfczmk Mzcm“ loz v`c igtoqivioe ol v`c Tsjkia Qmkmzy Vmp Mav mv 6 S%Q%A%M% Qcavioe ===%
–V`c vczg –Qvmvc“ ieaksfcf mey Vczzivozy oz toqqcqqioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq%“6 S%Q%A%M% qcavioe ==4(f)
–V`c vczg .Lcfczmk Mzcm. gcmeq mey kmefq oz tzcgiqcq `ckf oz ma}sizcf jy oz loz v`c sqc
ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq oz mey fctmzvgcev oz cqvmjkiq`gcev+ oz mnceay ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq8mey lcfczmk mzcm+ oz mey tmzv v`czcol+ ~`ia` iq koamvcf ~iv`ie v`c cpvczioz josefmzicq ol mey Qvmvc q`mkk jc fccgcf vo jc m Lcfczmk Mzcm koamvcf ~iv`ie qsa` Qvmvc%“
6 S%Q%A%M% qcavioe ==4(c)
L f k Z Fi v i v
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 108/231
Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c Fiqvziavq
Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c Fiqvziavq mq q`o~e oe
v`c LCFCZMKZCQCZ\C JMEH OL
FMKKMQ ~cj qivc%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 109/231
V`c jozfcz jcv~cce v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam mef Gcpiao iq *=:6 Gikc ^ifc Ievczemvioemk Roec
ol Aootczmvioe%* V`c Zcf roecq mzc gmzhcf loz *Kivvkc vo eo `sgme sqc%*
V`c SE
Tkme loz
kmef sqc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 110/231
^`ce ~c qine loz m qoaimk qcaszivy amzf oz ov`cz mf`cqioe aoevzmav ~iv` v`c S%Q%
Aozt% oz mey ol ivq qsj'aoztozmvioeq+ ~c zcgo|c oszqck|cq lzog aoggoe km~
bsziqfiavioe mef qsjbcav oszqck|cq vo Zogme ai|ik km~% „Lcfczmk Roecq‐ mzc Zogme
ai|ik bsziqfiavioe roecq+ mef mttky vo mkk =6v` mgcefgcev aivirceq%
Ai|ik km~+ ie m nceczmk qceqc+ v`c km~ ol m qvmvc+ aivy oz aosevzy8 jsv ie me mttzotzimvc
qceqc+ v`c Zogme km~8 v`c gseiaitmk km~ ol v`c Zogme cgtizc+ aogtziqcf ie v`c Ieqvivsvcq+
Aofcq mef Fincqv ol Bsqvieime mef v`c Eo|ck Aoeqvivsvioeq% Jkmahqvoec%
Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq` Kmensmnc2 Eom` cjqvcz =0:0
Km~+ aoggoe% V`c aoggoe km~ iq v`mv ~`ia` fczi|cq ivq lozac mef msv`ozivy lzog v`c
sei|czqmk aoeqcev mef iggcgozimk tzmaviac ol v`c tcotkc% Iv `mq ec|cz zcaci|cf v`c
qmeavioe ol v`c kcniqkmvszc+ jy me cptzcqq mav+ ~`ia` iq v`c azivczioe jy ~ ia` iv iq
fiqviensiq`cf+ lzog v`c qvmvsvc km~% Iv `mq ec|cz jcce zcfsacf vo ~zivien%
Jos|icz‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy Cin`v` Cfivioe+ =039
A K
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 111/231
|q% Aoggoe Km~
Iv iq qmif ie v`c otieioe2 M kcmzecf ~zivcz `mq qmif v`mv oec ol v`c fiqviensiq`ien
lcmvszcq ol fillczceac jcv~cce v`c ai|ik km~ ol Zogc mef v`c aoggoe km~ ol
Cenkmef iq v`mv v`c ai|ik km~ mavcf tczqoemkky+ ~`ikc v`c aoggoe km~ mavq
vczzivozimkky% V`c ai|ik km~ mttkicf vo c|czy Zogme aivirce ~`czc|cz `c ~mq+
mef oeky m Zogme aivirce aoskf akmig v`c jceclivq ol iv+ c|ce ie Zogc+ ~`ikc
v`c aoggoe km~ otczmvcq oe c|czy tczqoe mef v`ien ie v`c vczzivozy+ mef oev`oqc oeky%
Aofc ol Mkmjmgm+ =9>3+ |ok 1 vivkc =% Nceczmk Tzo|iqioeq+ ='1'=+:%
Ai|ik km~ fillczceac jcv~cce ai|ik km~ mef aoggoe km~%
Ie Boecq |% @iecq+ =3>Mkm% <:6+ 6>Qo%>19(Mkm% =940)
Bcllczqoe Fm|iq+ Tzcqifcev ol
v`c Aoelcfczmvc Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam+
m Aoeqvivsvioemkircf+ fc bszc emvioe%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 112/231
V` J vv ^ f M v
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 113/231
Ie =966+ S%Q% Aozt mzzmencf loz v`c IGL(Ievczemvioemk Goecvmzy Lsef+ m lozcine
aoztozmvioe) vo }siv akmig v`c S%Q%
Aoztozmvioe mef sqc v`c S%Q% vzcmqszy mq v`c
IGL‐q fzm~ien maaosev%
Aizam =9662 Fckcnmvcq lzog 66 emvioeq toqcf oe v c km~e ol v`c
Gosev mq`ienvoe @ovck ie
Jzcvvoe oofq+ Ec~ @mgtq`izc%
V`c Jzcvvoe ^oofq Mnzccgcev
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 114/231
V`iq gcmeq v`mv v`c loz'tzoliv
aoztozmvioe heo~e mq v`c
SEIVCF QVMVCQ iq o~ecf jy
v`c IEVCZEMVIOEMK
GOECVMZY LSEF+ mlozcine o~ecf cevivy%
V`c Ievczemvioemk Goecvmzy Lsef
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 115/231
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 116/231
Qieac v`c oznmeia mef Qvmvc Aoeqvivsvioeq lozjif otczmvien iejsqiecqq ~iv` lozcine aszzceay (Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c Eovcq)+ v`cqvmvcq jcamgc qsj'aoztozmvioeq ol S%Q% Aozt% ‑ ifcevilicf mqv`c QVMVC OL P ie mkk amtivmk kcvvczq% Iggcfimvcky+ v`c
aoztozmvc QVMVCQ jcnme mfotvien S%Q% Aozt% seilozg aofcqmef kiaceqien vo cpczaiqc aoevzok ol v`c tcotkc ‖ eov tczgivvcfsefcz v`c oznmeia Aoeqvivsvioe%
Qsj'Aoztozmvioeq
No|czegcev oeky no|czecf ivqckl mef aoztozmvioeq% Tcotkc ~czc qckl' no|czecf% Qsa` iq v`c emvszc ol v`cAoeqvivsvioemk Zctsjkia%
M Vce Gikc Q}smzc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 117/231
– Mef jc iv lszv`cz cemavcf + v`mv v`c qmif kcniqkmvi|c mqqcgjky q`mkk
`m|c to~cz vo azcmvc jy nceczmk km~+ gofily+ zctcmk+ oz mgcef+
~iv`ie qmif Fiqvziav+ aoztozmvioeq mnnzcnmvc loz zckiniosq+ a`mzivmjkc+
cfsamvioemk+ iefsqvzimk+ oz aoggczaimk tsztoqcq+ mef vo fcliec v`cizto~czq mef kimjikivicq2 Tzo|ifcf + V`mv v`c to~czq ol aoztozmvioeq qo
azcmvcf q`mkk jc kigivcf vo v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim“ (cgt`mqiq
mffcf+ qia%) V`c Mav ol =0>= Qca% :0
M Vce'Gikc Q}smzc
S%Q% Aozt%‐q oziniemk bsziqfiavioe iq v`c vce'gikc'q}smzc ol v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim% Iv `mq
msv`ozivy o|cz ivqckl mef ivq azcmvioeq% V`czclozc+
QVMVC OL ^MQ@IENVOE‐q bsziqfiavioe+ mq m
qsj'aoztozmvioe ol S%Q% Aozt%+ iq mkqo v`c vce'
gikc q}smzc ol v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 118/231
: Fiqvieav Joficq Zcaoneircf Aoeqvivsvioemkky
V`c Aoenzcqq q`mkk `m|c To~cz vo kmy mef aokkcav Vmpcq+ Fsvicq+ Igtoqvq mef Cpaiqcq+ vo tmy
v`c Fcjvq mef tzo|ifc loz v`c aoggoe Fclceqc mef nceczmk ^cklmzc ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq8 Jsv
mkk Fsvicq+ Igtoqvq mef Cpaiqcq q`mkk jc seilozg v`zosn`osv v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq%
Seivcf Qvmvcq Aoeqvivsvioe+ Mzviakc = Qcavioe 0
Kigivmvioeq oe Vmpien Mjikivy ol Aoenzcqq iq |czy akcmz%
V`c Aoenzcqq q`mkk `m|c To~cz vo fiqtoqc ol mef gmhc mkk eccflsk Zskcq mef Zcnskmvioeq
zcqtcavien v`c Vczzivozy oz ov`cz Tzotczvy jckoenien vo v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq%
Seivcf Qvmvcq Aoeqvivsvioe+ Mzviakc I\ Qcavioe 1
V`c Aoeqvivsvioe tkmacq Eo kigivq loz Aoenzcqq oe ivq vmpien mjikivy loz Vczzivozicq oz ov`cz
Tzotczvy jckoenien vo v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq% V`c qc|czmk qvmvcq mzc eov ieaksfcf ~iv`ie v`iq
Mzviakc+ mef Vivkc :<+ v`c IZQ aofc+ ~mq cemavcf jy Aoenzcqq sefcz v`iq mzviakc ol v`c
aoeqvivsvioe% Lszv`czgozc+ v`c IZQ aofc ivqckl maheo~kcfncq v`mv iv iq TZI\MVC KM^ ‑ eov
TSJKIA KM^%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 119/231
: Qctmzmvc Bsziqfiavioeq
Aoenzcqq iq |czy kigivcf ie ~`mv to~cz iv `mq o|cz v`c seioe ol
Qvmvcq% Aoenzcqq `mq sekigivcf to~cz vo aoevzok vczzivozicq ,
tzotczvy o~ecf jy v`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ%
Goqv km~q tmqqcf jy Aoenzcqq mzc tzi|mvc km~ ‑ zckmvien cpaksqi|cky vo iv.q
vczzivozicq , tzotczvicq% V`cqc km~q `m|c eov ien vo fo ~iv` ~c v`c tcotkc oe v`c
qoik ol v`c Qvmvcq% IZQ aofc iq kiqvcf mq tzi|mvc km~% Tzi|mvc km~q ol v`c Seivcf
Qvmvcq mttky cpaksqi|cky vo v`oqc ~`o `m|c m aoevzmav ~iv` v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq oz
oec ol ivq lzmea`iqc QVMVCq%
Z k ^ kf
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 120/231
Zcmk ^ozkf oz
VooeVo~e?
Vooevo~e aofcq ameeov vzcqtmqq oe v`c zcmk ~ozkf% Zcmk ^ozkfkm~ ameeov vzcqtmqq oe Vooevo~e% V`c km~ ol @cm|ce focq eovmttky ie `ckk% V`c km~ ol `ckk focq eov mttky ie @cm|ce%
^`czc mzc yos???Fo yos amzzy m .fzi|cz kiaceqc+. mef ~`ce mqhcf vo ifcevily yoszqckl tzosfky fiqtkmy m VOOEVO^E MKK'STTCZ'AMQCemgc+ zc'tzcqcevien yoszqckl mq m liavioe'vooe? Oz fo yos tzcqcev yoszqckl mq m Zcmk~ozkf Gme oz ^ogme oe v`c qoik?
Fillczcev Fclieivioeq loz
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 121/231
Fillczcev Fclieivioeq loz
Fillczcev Bsziqfiavioeq1= ALZ 3=%:
(i) No|czeoz gcmeq v`c No|czeoz ol
mey ol v`c 34 Qvmvc no|czegcevq oz
v`c Gmyoz ol v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim%
(o) Qcazcvmzy gcmeq v`c Qcazcvmzy
ol v`c Vzcmqszy%
(}) Qvmvc no|czegcev gcmeq v`c
no|czegcev ol mey ol v`c 34 Qvmvcno|czegcevq oz v`c Fiqvziav ol
Aoksgjim%
1= ALZ 3:%:
(l) No|czeoz gcmeq v`c No|czeoz ol
mey ol v`c 34 qvmvcq mef v`c a`icl
cpcasvi|c olliacz ol v`cAoggoe~cmkv` ol Tsczvo Ziao+ mef
v`c vczzivozicq ol Mgcziame Qmgom+
Nsmg+ mef v`c \iznie Iqkmefq ol v`c
Seivcf Qvmvcq%
(e) Qcazcvmzy gcmeq v`c Qcazcvmzy ol v`c S%Q% Fctmzvgcev ol v`c Vzcmqszy%
(o) Qvmvc no|czegcev gcmeq v`c
no|czegcev ol mey ol v`c 34 qvmvcq%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 122/231
:: SQA :0<V`c Tzcqifcev iq `czcjy msv`ozircf vo maactv gcgjczq`it loz v`c SeivcfQvmvcq ie v`c Ievczemvioemk Goecvmzy Lsef (`czciemlvcz zclczzcf vo mq v`c*Lsef*)+ mef ie v`c Ievczemvioemk Jmeh loz Zcaoeqvzsavioe mef Fc|ckotgcev(`czciemlvcz zclczzcf vo mq v`c *Jmeh*)+ tzo|ifcf loz jy v`c Mzviakcq ol
Mnzccgcev ol v`c Lsef mef v`c Mzviakcq ol Mnzccgcev ol v`c Jmeh mq qcv lozv`ie v`c Liemk Mav ol v`c Seivcf Emvioeq Goecvmzy mef Liemeaimk Aoelczceacfmvcf Bsky ::+ =966+ mef fctoqivcf ie v`c mza`i|cq ol v`c Fctmzvgcev ol Qvmvc%
Ame m km~lsk no|czegcev+ kigivcf jy v`c Aoeqvivsvioe+ fo qsa` m v`ien?^`mv ~mq maactvcf loz gcgjczq`it ievo v`c IGL ‑ v`c emvioe+ oz m
Aoztozmvc Vczzivozy amkkcf v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 123/231
Jmeh ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq |% Tkmevczq‐
Jmeh ol Ncoznim :: S%Q% (9 ^`cmv) 946+ < K%Cf% :66 =0:6
Iv iq+ ~c v`ieh+ m qosef tzieaitkc+ v`mv ~`ce m no|czegcev jcaogcq m tmzvecz ie
mey vzmfien aogtmey+ iv fi|cqvq ivqckl+ qo lmz mq aoeaczeq v`c vzmeqmavioeq ol v`mvaogtmey+ ol ivq qo|czcine a`mzmavcz+ mef vmhcq v`mv ol m tzi|mvc aivirce… Mq m
gcgjcz ol m aoztozmvioe+ m no|czegcev ec|cz cpczaiqcq ivq qo|czcinevy% Iv mavq
gczcky mq m aoztozmvoz+ mef cpczaiqcq eo ov`cz to~cz ie v`c gmemncgcev ol v`c
mllmizq ol v`c aoztozmvioe+ v`me mzc cptzcqqky ni|ce jy v`c ieaoztozmvien mav…
V`c no|czegcev+ jy jcaogien m aoztozmvoz+ kmyq fo~e ivq qo|czcinevy+ qo lmzmq zcqtcavq v`c vzmeqmavioeq ol v`c aoztozmvioe+ mef cpczaiqcq eo to~cz oz
tzi|ikcnc ~`ia` iq eov fczi|cf lzog v`c a`mzvcz%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 124/231
Bsziqfiavioe
Bsziq 7 km~
Fiavioe 7 ~ozfq
Mzcm ~`czc qtcailia km~ ~ozfq mttky
Bsziqfiavioe% Mzcmq ol msv`ozivy2 v`c nconzmt`ia mzcm ie ~`ia` m aoszv `mqto~cz oz vytcq ol amqcq iv `mq to~cz vo `cmz% V`c vczg gmy `m|c fillczcevgcmeienq ie fillczcev aoevcpvq% Gmzvie |% Ksv`cz+ A%M% Ikk%+ <09 L%:f =49+
==6% Jkmah.q Km~ Fiavioemzy+ qipv` cfivioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 125/231
Cemavien Akmsqc
@o~ fo yos vckk ~`cv`cz v`c „km~q‐ cemavcf jy Aoenzcqq mttky vo yos il
yos ki|c oe oec ol v`c qc|czmk qvmvcq+ mef eov oe kmef acfcf vo v`c SEIVCF
QVMVCQ NO\CZECGCEV+ ~`ia` oeky `mq bsziqfiavioe o|cz v`c fiqvziav ol
Aoksgjim+ mef vczzivozicq mef tzotczvicq o~ecf jy v`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ?
Foe‐v jov`cz ~iv` „aofcq‐ ‑ v`cy mzc ~zivvce ie aofc+ mef mzc eov km~q% Nojmah vo v`c qvmvsvcq mef kooh mv v`ciz cemavien akmsqc+ sqsmkky ~iv`ie v`c
fclieivioeq qcavioe% V`c cemavien akmsqc gsqv qvmvc bsziqfiavioemk kigivq2 ~`o iv
mttkicq vo+ ~`czc iv mttkicq vo+ ~`mv tcemkvicq mzc loz |iokmvioe ol v`mv tmzviaskmz
qvmvsvc%
V`c cemavien akmsqc iq v`mv tozvioe ol m qvmvsvc ~`ia` ni|cq iv bsziqfiavioemkifcevivy mef aoeqvivsvioemk msv`ceviaivy%
Boiecz |% Qvmvc+ =33 Q%C%:f 0+ =4 (Nm% =9<>)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 126/231
–Iqqsc ol tzoacqq jy aoszv ol kigivcf bsziqfiavioe
Eov~iv`qvmefien mey ov`cz tzo|iqioeq ol km~ no|czeien qcz|iac ol tzoacqq ie ai|ik amqcq+ m aoszv ol kigivcf bsziqfiavioe `m|ien
bsziqfiavioe o|cz me mkkcncf vzmllia ielzmavioe gmy iqqsc tzoacqq
mey~`czc ~iv`ie v`c qvmvc%“ ZA^ 6<%<1%=14
Aoszv Bsziqfiavioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 127/231
‛―Qvmvc‟ gcmeq v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim oz v`c
Aoggoe~cmkv` ol Tsczvo Ziao oz mey qvmvc+
vczzivozy+ toqqcqqioe+ oz ov`cz bsziqfiavioe ol v`c
Seivcf Qvmvcq ov`cz v`me v`c qvmvc ol mq`ienvoe‗
ZA^ :3%=3%443 (=:)
Zcgcgjcz+ v`c Mav ol =0>= qvmvcf2 –v`c to~czq ol
aoztozmvioeq qo azcmvcf q`mkk jc kigivcf vo v`c
Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim%“ V`c QVMVC OL
^MQ@IENVOE iq gczcky m qsj'aoztozmvioe ol v`c
SEIVCF QVMVCQ% Eoviac v`mv v`c QVMVC OL
^MQ@IENVOE+ ie ivq o~e aofcq+ (ZA^7
Zc|iqcf Aofc ol ^MQ@IENVOE) mfgivq iv `mq eo
bsziqfiavioe oe oz o|cz v`c – qvmvc ol mq`ienvoe+“
v`c Zctsjkia-
.Qvmvc. Fcliecf
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 128/231
V`c .QVMVC OL ^MQ@IENVOE. iq…
– Ie v`iq qvmvc“ oz –~iv`ie v`iq qvmvc“ ieaksfcq mkk lcfczmk mzcmq kyien ~iv`ie
v`c cpvczioz josefmzicq ol v`c qvmvc%
' ZA^ 0:%46%:44(Zc|iqcf Aofc ol mq`ienvoe)
V`c QVMVC OL ^MQ@IENVOE aoeqiqvq cpaksqi|cky
ol aoztozmvc SEIVCF QVMVCQ acfcf tzotczvy ~iv`ie
v`c josefmzicq ol v`c zctsjkia qvmvc ol mq`ienvoe%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 129/231
]scqvioe2 Il qo|czcine gme azcmvcf m no|czegcev jy sqien losefien
foasgcevq v`mv kigivcf v`mv no|czegcev+ `o~ iq iv toqqijkc v`mv eo~ v`cno|czegcev+ mv ~ikk+ a`mencq v`mv foasgcev vo qsiv ivqckl?
Meq~cz2 V`c losefien foasgcevq ame oeky jc a`mencf jy v`c ~ikk ol v`ctcotkc+ oz v`c foasgcev jcien a`mencf iq qigtky m aoztozmvc foasgcev v`mv`mq eo zckmvioe vo osz vzsc zctsjkiame lozg ol no|czegcev%
V`c oziniemk bsziqfiavioe foasgcevq+ mgcefcf jy v`c tcotkc+ `m|c eov a`mencf qieac M%F% =>9=%
@o~ Ame V`iq Jc?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 130/231
V`c losefien aoztozmvioe foasgcev ol v`c LcfczmkGseiaitmk Aoztozmvioe heo~e mq v`c S%Q% |czy akoqcky
zcqcgjkcq v`c Aoeqvivsvioe loz v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol
Mgcziam+ mef iq amkkcf v`c Aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c Seivcf
Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam% V`c Aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol
Mgcziam+ S%Q% Qcemvc |czqioe+ ^% @iahcy+ >v` Cf%+ T`ikmfckt`im =0>6%
Eovc v`c mkk amtivmk V@C SEIVCF QVMVCQ OL
MGCZIAM oe v`c aoztozmvc aoeqvivsvioe%
V~o Aoeqvivsvioeq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 131/231
– c v`c Tcotkc ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ ie Ozfcz vo lozg m gozc
tczlcav Seioe+ cqvmjkiq` Bsqviac+ ieqszc fogcqvia Vzme}sikivy+
tzo|ifc loz v`c aoggoe fclceqc+ tzogovc v`c nceczmk ^cklmzc+
mef qcaszc v`c Jkcqqienq ol Kijczvy vo oszqck|cq mef osz Toqvczivy+fo ozfmie mef cqvmjkiq` v`iq Aoeqvivsvioe loz v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol
Mgcziam%“
Tzcmgjkc ol v`c oziniemk„Oznmeia‐ Aoeqvivsvioe
i Q i Q M Q
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 132/231
Cemjkien Qvmvsvcq ie QVMVCQ
Gmey QVMVCQ `m|c : fiqvieav cemjkien mavq… oec iq loz v`c aoztozmvc
lzmea`iqc+ oec iq loz v`c zctsjkia%
* c v`c tcotkc ol v`c qvmvc ol Amkilozeim zctzcqcevcf ie qcemvc mef
mqqcgjky+ fo `czcjy cemav…*
*^c v`c tcotkc ol v`c QVMVC OL AMKILOZEIM fo `czcjy cemav… *
Zctzcqcevmvi|c amtmaivy iq cevizcky ogivvcf mef v`iq cemavien km~ zclczq votzi|mvc km~ mef tzi|mvc cevcztziqcq% Eo km~ `mq jcce tmqqcf ie Amkilozeim ~iv`
tzotcz zctzcqcevmvi|c amtmaivy qieac =03<%
Fo~ecq |% Jif~ckk
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 133/231
V`c ifcm tzc|mikq ~iv` qogc+ iefccf iv `mq cptzcqqioe ie mznsgcevq mv v`cjmz+ v`mv ~c `m|c ie v`iq aosevzy qsjqvmevimkky v~o emvioemk no|czegcevq8 oec vo jcgmievmiecf sefcz v`c Aoeqvivsvioe+ ~iv` mkk ivq zcqvziavioeq8 v`c ov`cz vo jcgmievmiecf jy Aoenzcqq osvqifc mef iefctcefcevky ol v`mv ieqvzsgcev+ jy cpczaiqienqsa` to~czq mq ov`cz emvioeq ol v`c cmzv` mzc maasqvogcf vo… Iv ~ikk jc me c|ik fmyloz Mgcziame Kijczvy il v`c v`cozy ol m no|czegcev osvqifc v`c Qstzcgc Km~ ol v`c
Kmef liefq kofngcev ie osz Aoeqvivsvioemk Bsziqtzsfceac% Eo `in`cz fsvy zcqvq stoev`iq aoszv v`me vo cpczv ivq lskk msv`ozivy vo tzc|cev mkk |iokmvioe ol v`c tzieaitkcq ol v`c Aoeqvivsvioe%
@oeozmjkc Qstzcgc Aoszv
Bsqviac Bo`e @mzkme
ie v`c =94= amqc ol Fo~ecq |%Jif~ckk%
V`c v~o qt`czcq ol tokiviamk no|czegcev FO EOV O\CZKMT-
Fo~ecq |% Jif~ckk=0: S%Q% :66+10= (M%F% =94=)
^`mv iq v`c Fillczceac?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 134/231
Aoggoe Km~(Zctsjkia)
Loz Gme
Ol+ jy+ loz+ lzog+ vo V@C
TCOTKCTo~cz aogcq lzog v`c tcotkc
Tkmacq kigivmvioeq oe
no|czegcev
99# ameeov vmhc m~my v`cZin`vq ol v`c =#
Zogme Ai|ik Km~(Fcgoazmay)
Lcfczmk
3=# ame vmhc m~my v`c zin`vq
ol 69#^`o fcvczgiecq ~`mv vo tkmac
oe v`c gmbozivy ol mkk gce?
^`o `okfq v`c to~cz? V`c
Lcfq? Mnceaicq? Jszcmsq?Mavq mq il iv `mq eo kigivq
Kcniqkmvcf Jikkq loz Qvmvsvcq
^`mv iq v`c Fillczceac?
Zogme Ai|ik Km~ oz Aoggoe Km~?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 135/231
Zogme Ai|ik Km~ oz Aoggoe Km~?
Aoggoe Km~(Zctsjkia)
Jmqcf stoe Nof‐q km~q mq akcmzky q`o~e ie v`cJijkc% Bsfncq gsqv zskc jmqcf stoe amqc `iqvozy%
Aoggoe Km~ iq m q`ickf mnmieqv mzjivzmzy
to~cz% V`c Aoggoe Km~ tzovcavq osz zin`vqmef kijczvicq%
–Eo Qvmvc q`mkk%%%gmhc mey V`ien jsv nokf mefqik|cz Aoie m vcefcz ie Tmygcev ol Fcjvq%“
Mzviakc I+ Qcavioe =4 ol v`cAoeqvivsvioe loz v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam
V`c qvykc ol mkk tzoacqq q`mkk jc –V`c Qvmvc ol Ec|mfm“ mef mkk tzoqcasvioeq q`mkk jcaoefsavcf ie v`c emgc mef jy v`c msv`ozivy ol v`c qmgc% Xi%c%+ ie v`c emgc ol v`c Tcotkc%W
Aoeqvivsvioe ol Ec|mfm (Oavojcz 1=+ =0<6)+MZVIAKC \I ‖ Bsfiaimk Fctmzvgcev+ Qca% =0
Zogme Ai|ik Km~(Fcgoazmay)
Eo jiefien tzcacfcev% Mv v`c ~`ig ol olliaimkq% Bsfncq ame zskc mey ~my v`cy ~mev%
Jmehq cgiv oeky Lcfczmk Zcqcz|c Eovcq+ i%c+aoggczaimk ecnovimjkc ieqvzsgcevq% Gczc sqcol aoggczaimk tmtcz qsjbcavq mkk sqczq vo v`cS%A%A% mef Aoenzcqq‐ aoggczaimk to~cz%
Mkk tzoacqq mavsmkky zseq ie v`c emgc ol –QVMVC OL EC\MFM+“ fcqtivc v`c
Aoeqvivsvioe ol Ec|mfm%:0 SQA Qcavioe =40
Fcgoazmay oz Zctsjkia?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 136/231
Fcgoazmay oz Zctsjkia?
Aoggoe Km~(Zctsjkia)V`c –vzsc emgc“ iq –V`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam%“ Iv iq m zctsjkia+ aogjieien Qvmvc mefEmvioemk no|czegcev+ azcmvcf jy c v`cTcotkc+ Aivirceq ol v`c qc|czmk qo|czcine Qvmvcqie Seioe+ jy v`ciz Aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c SeivcfQvmvcq ol Mgcziam+ Gmza` 6+ =>09% V`iqAoeqvivsvioe iq Tmzmgosev Km~+ cpczaiqien =>kigivcf cesgczmvcf To~czq fckcnmvcf jy v`ctcotkc%
Fipoe |% Seivcf Qvmvcq+ = Jzoah =>>+>L%Amq%><= (M%F%=0==) ni|ce jy A`icl Bsqviac
Bo`e Gmzq`mkk%
–V`c Seivcf Qvmvcq q`mkk nsmzmevcc vo c|czyQvmvc ie v`iq Seioe m Zctsjkiame lozg ol No|czegcev%“ Mzviakc I\+ Qcavioe 6 ol v`cAoeqvivsvioe loz v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam
Zogme Ai|ik Km~(Fcgoazmay)
V`c –Seivcf Qvmvcq“ otczmvcq mq m
fcgoazmay sefcz v`c Seivcf QvmvcqAoeqvivsvioe+ m gczc qvmvsvc jy Aoenzcqq oeLcj% :=+ =0>=+ ie me mav vo tzo|ifc m
no|czegcev cpaksqi|c vo v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim%
=< Qvmv% 6=9+ Qca% 16+ tmnc 6:<
–Aoenzcqq q`mkk `m|c To~cz vo fiqtoqc ol mef
gmhc mkk eccflsk Zskcq mef Zcnskmvioeq
zcqtcavien v`c Vczzivozy oz ov`cz Tzotczvy jckoenien vo v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq%“ XV`iq To~cz
iq oeky loz SQ vczzivozicq-W
Mzv% I\+ Qca% 1+ Ak% : ol v`c Aoeqvivsvioe
Tzi|ikcncq |q Zin`vq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 137/231
Tzi|ikcncq |q% Zin`vq
Aoggoe Km~(Zctsjkia)
–… mkk gce mzc azcmvcf c}smk+ v`mv v`cy mzccefo~cf jy v`ciz Azcmvoz ~iv` aczvmiesemkicemjkc Zin`vq“
V`c Fcakmzmvioe ol Iefctcefceac+ Bsky 6+ =>><
V`c ~ozf –tcotkc ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq“ mef–aivirceq“ mzc qyeoeygosq vczgq+ mef gcme v`cqmgc v`ien% V`cy jov` fcqazijc v`c tokiviamk jofy~`o+ maaozfien vo osz zctsjkiame ieqvivsvioeq+
lozg v`c qo|czcinevy+ mef ~`o `okf v`c to~czmef aoefsav v`c no|czegcev v`zosn` v`cizzctzcqcevmvi|cq% V`cy mzc ~`mv iq lmgikimzkyamkkcf v`c –qo|czcine tcotkc+“ mef c|czy aivirceiq oec ol v`iq tcotkc+ mef m aoeqvivscev gcgjcz ol v`iq qo|czcinevy%“ Fzcf Qaovv |% Qmelozf% <4S%Q%191+ 643 M%F% =03<
Zogme Ai|ik Km~(Fcgoazmay)
–%%%iv iq c|ifcev v`mv v`cy XS%Q% aivirceqW `m|c eovv`c tokiviamk zin`vq ~`ia` mzc |cqvcf ie aivirceqol v`c Qvmvcq% V`cy mzc eov aoeqvivscevq ol meyaoggseivy ie ~`ia` iq |cqvcf mey qo|czcineto~cz ol no|czegcev% V`ciz toqivioe tmzvmhcqgozc ol v`c a`mzmavcz ol qsjbcavq v`me ol
aivirceq% V`cy mzc qsjbcav vo v`c km~q ol v`cSeivcf Qvmvcq+ jsv `m|c eo |oiac ie ivqgmemncgcev% Il v`cy mzc mkko~cf vo gmhc km~q+v`c |mkifivy ol v`cqc km~q iq fczi|cf lzog v`cqmeavioe ol m No|czegcev ie ~`ia` v`cy mzc eovzctzcqcevcf% Gczc aivirceq`it v`cy gmy `m|c+ jsvv`c tokiviamk zin`vq ol aivirceq v`cy ameeovceboy…“ Tcotkc |% Fc Km Nsczzm+64 Amk% 1==+
16: (M%F% =0>4)
Qvmvcq mzc tzcqsgcf vo jc totskmvcf jy lcfczmkaivirceq+ oz S%Q% aivirceq+ gczcky zcqifien ielcfczmk qvmvcq% V`cy mzc zclczzcf vo mq–mfgieiqvzmvi|c fi|iqioeq“ oe ~~~%aim%no| mefmq –vczzivozicq“ oe ~~~%sqm%no|%+ jov` olliaimkno|czegcev ~cj qivcq%
Tzi|ikcncq |q% Zin`vq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 138/231
Qo|czcine Zin`vq
Zin`v2 Bsqv akmig8 kcnmk vivkc8o~eczq`it8 v`c kcnmk to~cz ol cpaksqi|c toqqcqqioe mef ceboygcev8
bsqv akmig jy qo|czcinevy8
msv`ozivy8 kcnmk to~cz% Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq` Kmensmnc2 Eom` cjqvcz =0:0
Focq eov eccf „Kiaceqc‐ iqqscf jyielczioz cevivy%
S%Q% AIVIRCE Tzi|ikcncq
Tzi|ikcnc2 M tmzviaskmz mef tcaskimz
jcecliv oz mf|mevmnc ceboycf jy m
tczqoe+ aogtmey oz qoaicvy+ jcyoefv`c aoggoe mf|mevmncq ol ov`czaivirceq% Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq`
Kmensmnc2 Eom` cjqvcz =0:0
Kiaceqc2 vo tczgiv jy nzmev ol
msv`ozivy2 vo zcgo|c kcnmk zcqvzmiev jy
m nzmev ol tczgiqqioe % Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq` Kmensmnc2 Eom` cjqvcz
=0:0
Tzi|ikcncq |q% Zin`vq
SEIVCF QVMVCQ AOZT
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 139/231
SEIVCF QVMVCQ AOZT
zclsqcq vo qcc oz zcaoneirc
meyv`ien mjo|c ivqckl%
Zogme Ai|ik Km~ Mfgieiqvzmvi|c Zskcq mef
Zcnskmvioeq
Gikivmzy/Gmzvimk Km~
Aoggoe Km~
To~cz fcazcmqcq ~iv`
cma` qsaacqqi|c qvct fo~e
v`c a`mie Iv iq |czy akcmz
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 140/231
v`c a`mie% Iv iq |czy akcmz
~`ia` aoszvq `m|c
qstczioz bsziqfiavioe
Ikksqioe
–Gmvzip“–Or“
*Jozn*
–Aoztozmvc Liavioeq“
Zcmkivy
Zcgcgjcz v`c to~cz lko~
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 141/231
Zcgcgjcz v`c to~cz lko~ ‑
azcmvcf cevivicq ameeov `m|c gozcto~cz v`me v`ciz azcmvoz-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 142/231
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 143/231
Fcqtoviqg jy Fcqine
*Cfsamvioe qyqvcgq ol v`c qc|czmk Qvmvcq jzosn`v sefcz ‐cgcznceay’
aoevzok v`zosn` v`c tmqqmnc ol v`c ‐Emvioemk Fclceqc Cfsamvioe Mav’ >:
Qvmv% =304 oe Qctvcgjcz :ef =930+‗ lmaikivmvien gcgozirmvioetzonzmggien mef fiqielozgmvioe… fiavmvcf lzog v`clcfczmk/ievczemvioemk kc|ck8 qcc Bmgcq Gmfiqoe @in` Qa`ook+ M Aszziasksg loz Mgcziame Qvsfcevq+ ^ikkimg B% Jceecvv+ Qcazcvmzy ol v`cSeivcf Qvmvcq Fctmzvgcev ol Cfsamvioe (=90>)%
V`sq+ v`c giqielozgmvioe ol v`c gmqqcq mef ie tmzviaskmz v`c gieoza`ikfzce m|ien jcce cllcavi|cky igtkcgcevcf8 v`c v`zcc fiqvieav jzmea`cq2 Cpcasvi|c+ Kcniqkmvi|c mef Bsfiaimk+ `m|c jcce aogtzogiqcf+ao|czvky aoelcfczmvcf+ aoeqokifmvcf+ sqsztcf mef o|czv`zo~e%
^oc vo v`oqc ~`o amkk c|ik noof+ mef noof c|ik uIqmim` 32 :4
Mqqigikmvioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 144/231
Mqqigikmvioe
V`iq gcmeq v`mv c|czyoec iq jcien mqqigikmvcf ievo v`c aoztozmvc SQ+mef osv ol v`c zctsjkia% c mzc jcien –zc'|cescf %“
‛Zcqiqvmeac iq lsvikc% Yos
~ikk jc mqqigikmvcf%‗
u V`c Jozn Aokkcavi|c+
lzog Qvmz Vzch2 V`c Ecpv
Nceczmvioe
=6v` M f v
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 145/231
=6v` Mgcefgcev
.zctkmacf. v`c Aoeqvivsvioe?
*^`ikc v`c Seioe qsz|i|cf v`c ai|ik ~mz+ v`c Aoeqvivsvioe fif eov% Ie
ivq tkmac mzoqc m ec~+ gozc tzogiqien jmqiq loz bsqviac mef c}smkivy+
v`c =6v` Mgcefgcev+ ceqszien tzovcavioe ol v`c kilc+ kijczvy+ meftzotczvy ol mkk tczqoeq mnmieqv fctzi|mvioeq ~iv`osv fsc tzoacqq+ mef
nsmzmevccien c}smk tzovcavioe ol v`c km~q%*
Zcgmzhq ol V`sznoof Gmzq`mkk+ SQ Qstzcgc Aoszv Bsqviac
Mv V`c Meesmk Qcgiemz ol v`c
QME LZMEAIQAO TMVCEV MEF VZMFCGMZH KM^ MQQOAIMVIOE
Gmsi+ @m~mii Gmy <+ =90>
=6v` Mgcefgcev Aivirceq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 146/231
V`c (=6v`) mgcefgcev zclczzcf vo qkm|czy% Aoeqc}scevky+ v`c oeky tczqoeq
cgjzmacf jy ivq tzo|iqioeq+ mef loz ~`ia` Aoenzcqq ~mq msv`ozircf vo kcniqkmvc ie
v`c gmeecz ~czc v`oqc v`ce ie qkm|czy%
Jo~kie |% Aoggoe~cmkv`+ (=0<>)+ <3 Hcev% Zct% 3+ :9%
Mlvcz v`c mfotvioe ol v`c =6v`
Mgcefgcev+ m jikk ~`ia` jcamgcv`c lizqv Ai|ik Zin`vq Mav ~mqievzofsacf ie v`c 19v` Aoenzcqq+v`c gmboz tsztoqc ol ~`ia` ~mq voqcaszc vo v`c zcacevky lzccf Ecnzocq
mkk v`c ai|ik zin`vq qcaszcf vo ~`ivcgce%%% (E)oec ov`cz v`me aivirceq ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ~czc ~iv`ie v`ctzo|iqioeq ol v`c Mav%
@mnsc |% A% I% O%+ 14> S% Q% 69<+ 349%
=6 Mgcefgcev Aivirceq
=6v` Mgcefgcev Aivirceq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 147/231
Mkgoqv c|czyoec ie osz emvioe `mq zcfsacf v`cgqck|cq vo v`c
qvmvsq ol m =6v` mgcefgcev aivirce+ mhm „SQ AIVIRCE+‐ ~iv`
oeky v`c zin`vq mef tzi|ikcncq nzmevcf jy v`c aoztozmvioe mef
qsjbcav vo ivq Zogme ai|ik km~% Zcgcgjcz v`c to~cz lko~?
Aogtmzc v`c toqivioe+ zcqtoeqijikivy+ mef to~cz m qo|czcine
gme `mq vo v`mv ol m =6v` mgcefgcev aivirce ol v`c S%Q% Aozt%
|%
A
Qo|czcine Gme=6v` Mgcefgcev Aivirce
Fillczcev Aivirceq`itq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 148/231
^c `m|c ie osz tokiviamk qyqvcg m no|czegcev ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq mef m
no|czegcev ol cma` ol v`c qc|czmk qvmvcq% Cma` oec ol v`cqc no|czegcevq
iq fiqvieav lzog v`c ov`czq+ mef cma` `mq aivirceq ol ivq o~e ~`o o~c ivmkkcnimeac+ mef ~`oqc zin`vq+ ~iv`ie ivq bsziqfiavioe+ iv gsqv tzovcav% V`c
qmgc tczqoe gmy jc mv v`c qmgc vigc m aivirce ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq mef m
aivirce ol m qvmvc+ jsv `iq zin`vq ol aivirceq`it sefcz oec ol v`cqc
no|czegcevq ~ikk jc fillczcev lzog v`oqc `c `mq sefcz v`c ov`cz%
S% Q% |% Azsihq`meh+ 9: S%Q% 36: (=0>3)
Fillczcev Aivirceq`itq
Fillczcev Zin`vq
.T .
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 149/231
.Tczqoe.
–Ie ozfiemzy sqmnc ol v`c vczg „ tczqoe‐ focq eov ieaksfc v`c qo|czcine+ mefqvmvsvcq cgtkoyien v`c ~ozf mzc ozfiemziky aoeqvzscf vo cpaksfc iv+“tszqsmev vo2 ikqoe |% Ogm`m Iefime Vzijc 66: S%Q% <31+ <<>8 mef+ –v`c
Foavziec ol Qo|czcine Iggseivy iq oec ol v`c aoggoe km~ iggseivicq mef
fclceqcq v`mv mzc m|mikmjkc vo v`c Qo|czcine%“ Qcc ^ikk |% Gia`inme Fctv% ol
Qvmvc Tokiac+ 69 S%Q% 30+ =43 K% Cf% :f 63+ =49% Q% Av% :1468 mef+ –v`c tcotkc ol v`c qvmvc+ mq qsaacqqozq ol ivq lozgcz qo|czcine+ mzc cevivkcf vo mkk zin`vq ~`ia`
lozgczky jckoencf vo v`c hien jy `iq o~e tzczonmvi|c%“ Qcc Kmeqien |% Qgiv` 6
^cefckk 9 (E% Y%)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 150/231
Eo Qsa` V`ien Mq M Aivirce
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 151/231
Ie cpmgieien osz lozg ol no|czegcev+ iv gin`v jc aozzcavky qmif v`mv v`czc iqeo qsa` v`ien mq m aivirce ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq…m aivirce ol mey oec ol v`c
Qvmvcq ol v`c Seioe+ iq `ckf vo jc+ mef amkkcf m aivirce ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+mkv`osn` vca`eiamkky mef mjqvzmavky v`czc iq eo qsa` v`ien% Vo aoeaci|c maivirce ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ~`o iq eov m aivirce ol qogc oec ol v`c qvmvcq+ iqvovmkky lozcine vo v`c ifcm+ mef ieaoeqiqvcev ~iv` v`c tzotcz aoeqvzsavioe mefaoggoe sefczqvmefien ol v`c cptzcqqioe mq sqcf ie v`c aoeqvivsvioe+ ~`ia`gsqv jc fcfsacf lzog ivq |mziosq ov`cz tzo|iqioeq%
Cp tmzvc Heo~kcq+ 3 Am% 144+ 14: (=033)
Eo Qsa` V`ien Mq M Aivirce
ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq?
Eoezcqifcev Mkice
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 152/231
Eoezcqifcev Mkice(n) Qtcaimk zskcq loz vmptmycz ifcevilyienesgjczq iqqscf vo lozcine tczqoeq ‖
(=) Nceczmk zskc ‖ (i) Qoaimk qcaszivy esgjcz%
M qoaimk qcaszivy esgjcz iq nceczmkky ifcevilicf
ie v`c zcaozfq mef fmvmjmqc ol v`c Ievczemk
Zc|cesc Qcz|iac mq m esgjcz jckoenien vo m
S%Q% aivirce oz zcqifcev mkice iefi|ifsmk% Mtczqoe gmy cqvmjkiq` m fillczcev qvmvsq loz v`c
esgjcz jy tzo|ifien tzool ol lozcine qvmvsq
~iv` v`c Ievczemk Zc|cesc Qcz|iac sefcz qsa`
tzoacfszcq mq v`c Ievczemk Zc|cesc Qcz|iac q`mkk
tzcqazijc+ ieaksfien v`c sqc ol m lozg mq v`c
Ievczemk Zc|cesc Qcz|iac gmy qtcaily% Stoemaactvien me iefi|ifsmk mq m eoezcqifcev mkice
iefi|ifsmk+ v`c Ievczemk Zc|cesc Qcz|iac ~ikk
mqqine v iq qvmvsq vo v`c iefi|ifsmk‐q qoaimk
qcaszivy esgjcz% :< ALZ A` = ® 14=%<=49'=
Eoe'zcqifcev% Oec ~`o focq eovzcqifc ~iv`ie bsziqfiavioe ie}scqvioe8 eov me ie`mjivmev ol v`cqvmvc ol v`c lozsg% Qtcaimk zskcqno|cze qcz|iac ol tzoacqq oe eoe'
zcqifcevq8 c%n% Lcf% Z% Ai|ik T% 6(c)%Eoe'zcqifcev mkice% Oec ~`o iqeciv`cz m zcqifcev eoz m aivirce ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq% Aivirceq`it iqfcvczgiecf sefcz v`c lcfczmkigginzmvioe mef emvszmkirmvioe km~q
(S%Q% Aofc Vivkc 0)%Jkmah.q Km~ Fiavioemzy Qipv` Cfivioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 153/231
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 154/231
^'0JCEEo IZQ mncev oz cgtkoycc `mq ycv jcce mjkc vo vckk sq ~`mv mzc *qsa`tzoacfszcq mq v`c Ievczemk Zc|cesc Qcz|iac q`mkk tzcqazijc+ ieaksfien v`c sqcol m lozg mq v`c Ievczemk Zc|cesc Qcz|iac gmy qtcaily* vo aoe|czv oec lzogSQ aivirce vo *Eoezcqifcev Mkice%* c fif `o~c|cz+ lief v`c lokko~ien2*Il yos zcaci|c aczvmie vytcq ol ieaogc+ yos gsqv tzo|ifcLozg ^'0JCE vo2 Cqvmjkiq` v`mv yos mzc eov m S%Q% tczqoe%*
`vvt2//~~~%izq%no|/ieqvzsavioeq/i~0jce/a`4=%`vgk
Amsvioe q`oskf jc sqcf ~iv` v`iq lozg- Il yos mzc tmzvimkky ie v`cAoztozmvioe/Fcgoazmay/Gmvzip/Vooevo~e+ mef tmzvimkky oe v`cZctsjkia+ v`iq lozg gmy jc sqcf mnmieqv yos%
S iv f Qv v M v`
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 155/231
V`c =6v` Mgcefgcev azcmvcq mef fcliecq aivirceq`it ol v`cSeivcf Qvmvcq% Iv `mf koen jcce aoevcefcf+ mef `mf jcce `ckfjy gmey kcmzecf msv`ozivicq+ mef `mf ec|cz jcce bsfiaimkky
fcaifcf vo v`c aoevzmzy+ v`mv v`czc ~mq eo qsa` v`ien mq maivirce ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ cpactv jy lizqv jcaogien m aivirceol qogc qvmvc%
' Seivcf Qvmvcq |% Mev`oey (=0>6)+ :6 Lcf% Amq% 0:9 (Eo% =6+639)+ 014%
Seivcf Qvmvcq |% Mev`oey
S Q | ^oen Hig
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 156/231
V`c =6v` Mgcefgcev iq v`zosn`osv mllizgmvi|c mef fcakmzmvozy+ ievcefcf
vo mkky fosjvq mef vo qcvvkc aoevzo|czqicq ~`ia` `mf mziqce+ mef EOV VO
IGTOQC MEY EC^ ZCQVZIAVIOE STOE AIVIRCEQ@IT (cgt`mqiq
mffcf)%S%Q% | oen Hig Mzh =<9 SQ <69X=090W%<0>+<00
V`c ievcztzcvmvioe ol v`c aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq iq ecacqqmziky
ielksceacf jy v`c lmav v`mv ivq tzo|iqioeq mzc lzmgcf ie v`c kmensmnc ol v`c
Cenkiq` aoggoe km~+ mef mzc vo zcmf ie v`c kin`v ol ivq `iqvozy%S%Q% | oen Hig Mzh =<9 SQ <69X=090W%<0>+<00 mq aivcf ie Aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq
Meeovmvcf+ Meeovmvioeq ol amqcq fcaifcf jy v`c Qstzcgc Aoszv ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq v`zosn` Bmesmzy
=+ =910+ qstczievcefmev ol foasgcevq+ no|czegcev tzievien olliac+ ^mq`ienvoe+ F%A
S%Q% |% ^oen Hig
Gozc Amqc Km~
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 157/231
V`c tzi|ikcncq mef iggseivicq akmsqc ol v`c =6v` Mgcefgcevtzovcavq |czy lc~ zin`vq jcamsqc iv eciv`cz ieaoztozmvcq v`c Jikk ol
Zin`vq eoz tzovcavq mkk zin`vq ol iefi|ifsmk aivirceq% Ieqvcmf v`iq
tzo|iqioe tzovcavq oeky v`oqc zin`vq tcaskimz vo jcien m aivirce ol v`c
lcfczmk no|czegcev8 Iv focq eov tzovcav v`oqc zin`vq ~`ia` zckmvc vo
qvmvc aivirceq`it%
Boecq |% Vcggcz + 0:9 L% Qstt% =::<
Iv iq akmigcf v`mv v`c tkmievill iq m aivirce ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq mef ol
v`iq qvmvc% Sefosjvcfky q`c iq% Iv iq mznscf v`mv q`c jcamgc qsa` jylozac ol v`c lizqv qcavioe ol v`c =6v` Mgcefgcev+ mkzcmfy zcaivcf%
V`iq+ `o~c|cz+ iq m giqvmhc%
\me \mkhcejczn |% Jzo~e (=0>:)+ 61 Amk% Qst% Av% 61+ 6>
SQ AIVIRCEQMq m loz tzoliv aoztozmvioe v`c S Q sqcq „`sgme amtivmk‐ vo nceczmvc tzoliv
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 158/231
Mq m loz tzoliv aoztozmvioe+ v`c S%Q%+ sqcq `sgme amtivmk vo nceczmvc tzoliv+zcnmzfkcqq ol v`c iebsqviac oz fmgmnc iv focq vo v`c tcotkc ol v`iq emvioe% Qieac ivq
azcmvioe+ v`c S%Q% `mq sqcf v`c qvzmvcny ol „~`mahien‐ mey tmvziov ~`o fmzcf voqvmef st vo v`c no|czegcev% V`iq ottzcqqioe aogcq ie gmey lozgq2 IZQ msfivq~iv` `snc tcemkvicq8 lzmsfskcev fzsn jsqvq (~iv` tkmevcf fzsnq)8 lzi|okosq mefliaviviosq km~ qsivq v`mv v`c tmvziov ameeov ~ie ~iv` S%Q% Aoztozmvc bsfncq qivvienie bsfngcev o|cz v`cg%
Mffivioemkky+ il v`c S%Q% ameeov
„aoevzok‐ m aczvmie totskmvioe+ ivgmy ckigiemvc v`c „tzojkcg‐ jyqgcmzien v`c nzost oz tcotkc iev`c gcfim+ v`ce fcqvzoyien v`mvnzost% ( mao+ Zsjy Zifnc+ cva%)
V`c LJI ~cj qivc eo~ kiqvq–qo|czcine aivirceq cpvzcgiqvgo|cgcev“ mq m *Fogcqvia vczzozv`zcmv%*`vvt2//~~~%lji%no|/tmnc:/mtzik=4/qo
|czcineaivirceq_46=1=4%`vgk
Tzcqifcev Vmlv.q qtcca` vo
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 159/231
Iv iq eo~ tzotoqcf vo gmhc st v`c fcliaiv jy v`c igtoqivioe ol m nceczmk ieaogc
vmp+ ie v`c lozg mef qsjqvmeac mef mkgoqv cpmavky v`c qmgc a`mzmavcz mq v`mv~`ia`+ ie v`c amqc ol Tokkoah |% Lmzgczq Kome mef Vzsqv Ao ~mq `ckf jy v`cqstzcgc Aoszv vo jc m fizcav vmp+ mef v`czclozc eov ~iv`ie v`c to~cz ol v`clcfczmk no|czegcev vo igtoqc sekcqq mttozvioecf mgoen v`c qc|czmk qvmvcqmaaozfien vo totskmvioe%%% I+ v`czclozc+ zcaoggcef me mgcefgcev vo v`c vmzill jikkigtoqien stoe mkk aoztozmvioeq mef boiev qvoah aogtmeicq loz tzoliv+ cpactvemvioemk jmehq ov`cz~iqc vmpcf+ gcmqszcf jy :# oe v`c ecv ieaogc ol qsa`aoztozmvioeq% V`iq iq me cpaiqc vmp stoe v`c tzi|ikcnc ol foien jsqiecqq mq me mzviliaimk cevivy mef v`c tzi|ikcnc ol lzccfog lzog m nceczmk tmzveczq`it kimjikivyceboycf jy v`oqc ~`o o~e v`c qvoah% V`iq aoszqc iq gsa` vo jc tzclczzcf vo v`ctzotoqmk ol zccemavien m km~ oeac bsfiaimkky fcakmzcf vo jc seaoeqvivsvioemk%
Tzcqifcev Vmlv q qtcca` vo
Aoenzcqq+ Bsec =<v`+ =949
Qv v Q i v
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 160/231
Qvmvc Qo|czcinevy
Tzioz vo v`c mfotvioe ol v`c lcfczmk Aoeqvivsvioe+ qvmvcq
toqqcqqcf sekigivcf mef sezcqvziavcf qo|czcinevy mef
zcvmiecf v`c qmgc c|cz mlvcz~mzf% Stoe cevczien v`c Seioe+v`cy zcvmiecf mkk v`ciz oziniemk to~cz mef qo|czcinevy%
Jkmiz |% Zifncky+ 9> F% :=0+:69+ Q%T%
Losefien Lmv`cz ]sovmvioeq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 161/231
Losefien Lmv`cz ]sovmvioeq
Iv `mq c|cz jcce v`c qa`cgc ol no|czegcev vo hcct v`c tcotkc ineozmev
ol v`ciz zin`vq u V`ogmq Tmiec
V`c no|czegcev vszeq c|czy aoevienceay ievo me cpasqc loz ce`meaien
to~cz ie ivqckl% u Bo`e Mfmgq
V`c emvszmk tzonzcqq ol v`ienq iq loz kijczvy vo yickf mef no|czegcev vo
nmie nzosef% u V`ogmq Bcllczqoe
V`c aoevcqv loz mncq `mq jcce vo zcqasc kijczvy lzog v`c nzmqt ol v`c
cpcasvi|c to~cz% u Fmeick cjqvcz
Mav ol
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 162/231
–Mav ol vczzoziqg“ gcmeq me mavi|ivy v`mv ie|ok|cq m |iokcev mav oz me
mav fmenczosq vo `sgme kilc v`mv iq m |iokmvioe ol v`c azigiemk km~q ol
v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq oz ol mey Qvmvc+ oz v`mv ~oskf jc m azigiemk |iokmvioe
il aoggivvcf ~iv`ie v`c bsziqfiavioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq oz ol mey
Qvmvc+ mef mttcmzq vo jc ievcefcf ‑ (i) vo ievigifmvc oz aoczac m ai|ikimetotskmvioe%“ Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy+ Qipv` Cfivioe
V`c vytiamk –qo|czcine aivirce“ toqcq eo –vczzoziqv v`zcmv+“
ycv v`c S%Q% NO\CZEGCEV cenmncq ie vczzoziqg oe m fmiky jmqiq%
Mav ol
Vczzoziqg
„\oksevmzy‐ aogtkimeac'v`zosn` lcmz
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 163/231
y t n
V`c Vmp Aofc zctzcqcevq v`c nceisq ol kcnmk liavioe%%% V`c
IZQ `mq ec|cz zcmkky heo~e ~`y tcotkc tmy ieaogc vmpcq%%%
V`c IZQ ceaoszmncq |oksevmzy aogtkimeac+ v`zosn` lcmz%
Bmah ^mzzce ^mfc+ Bz%+Lozgcz IZQ olliacz
M Eovmjkc Toiev2
Bmah mfc+ Bz% ~mq ie a`mznc ol
v`c IZQ emvioe~ifc zc|cescolliacz vzmieien tzonzmg%
Qvmvc+ Aosevy , Gseiaitmk Aoszvq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 164/231
y t
Liaviviosq tkmievill% M tczqoe (aoztozmvioe) mttcmzien ie v`c ~ziv+ aogtkmiev+ ozzcaozf mq tkmievill ie m qsiv+ jsv ~`o ie zcmkivy focq eov cpiqv+ oz ~`o iq ineozmev ol v`c qsiv mef v`c sqc ol `iq emgc ie iv% Iv iq m aoevcgtv ol aoszv vo qsc ie v`c emgc ol m liaviviosq tmzvy%
Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy Lilv` Cfivioe+ tmnc 3<: (ieqczv mffcf)
Iv iq akcmz+ v`mv mkk Qvmvc+ Aosevy , Gseiaitmk Aoszvq mzc otczmvien mq loz'tzolivaoztozmvioeq+ ~iv` FSEq© esgjczq mef mzc liaviviosq tmzvicq% ^`mv ~oskf `mttce il ~c amkkcf *QVMVC OL MQ@IENVOE* oz *GOSEV \CZEOE GSEIAITMKAOSZV* vo v`c qvmef vo vcqvily?
QVMVC OL MQ@IENVOE+ FSEQ© !4>'9:6'091<+ kiqvcf mq tzi|mvcky o~ecf ~iv` 3>+<39 cgtkoyccq8
BSFIAIMZY AOSZVQ OL V@C QVMVC OL ^MQ@IENVOE+ FSEQ© !>9'431'=363+ kiqvcf mq tzi|mvckyo~ecf+ m|ien *Qmkcq* ol &=1+=0:+=34 tcz meesg8QVMVC TMVZOK ^MQ@IENVOE QVMVC FCTMZVGCEV OL+ FSEQ© !96'3<4'>>1>+ kiqvcf mq tzi|mvcky
o~ecf+ m|ien *Qmkcq* ol &=:+0<9+944 tcz meesg8 MVVOZECY NCECZMK MQ@IENVOE QVMVC OLLIAC OL+ FSEQ© ! <='>3<'91=6 + o~ecf jy
aoztozmvioe ~iv` FSEQ© ! 4>9:6091<+ kiqvcf mq tzi|mvcky o~ecf+ `m|ien *Qmkcq* ol &6+4>0+134 tcz meesg8
^MQ@IENVOE QCEMVC+ FSEQ© ! 04'000':=10+ o~ecf jy aoztozmvioe ~iv` FSEQ© ! 4>9:6091<
kiqvcf mq tzi|mvcky o~ecf
Tzovcavioe Zmahcv
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 165/231
Tzovcavioe Zmahcvq sqcf vo qosef kihc *yos tmy sq qo yos foe.v `m|c m kivvkc
maaifcev%* Eo~ no|czegcev qosefq kihc2
*Tmy v`iq vzmllia aivmvioe oz no vo bmik%*
*Tmy yosz ieaogc vmpcq oz no vo bmik%*
*Qsjgiv vo @ogckmef Qcaszivy qameq oz jc jzmefcf m vczzoziqv%* Cva%
Mgcziam `mq gozc tcotkc ie bmik v`me mey ov`cz emvioe oe
cmzv`% = ie 3 Mgcziameq `mqm azigiemk `iqvozy%
Qtcmhien ol Bmik…
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 166/231
V`czc mzc 1 fillczcev hiefq ol tziqoeczq ie osz bmikq vofmy
= V`oqc ~`o `m|c aoggivvcf m |iokcev azigc mef eccf vo jc v`czc% M gieozivy%
: V`oqc lin`vien loz v`ciz zin`vq v`mv `m|c koqv me selmiz jmvvkc mnmieqv m qyqvcg v`mv
iq mnmieqv v`cg% Mgcziam.q seqsen `czocq%
1 V`c zcmqoe v`c gmbozivy ol tcotkc mzc ie bmik iq jcamsqc v`c bsfnc tzolivq%
@czc.q `o~ iv ~ozhq2 Aivmvioe amqc esgjczq mzc aoe|czvcf ievo joefq% Joefq mzc
tsv ievo AZIQ ‑ Aoszv Zcniqvzy Ie|cqvgcev Qyqvcg% V`iq tzoacqq qcaszivircq v`c
joef ieqvzsgcev% Tzolivq ie v`c S%Q% aoszv qyqvcg mzc aszzcevky D &= Jikkioe SQFtcz fmy% Qogc ol v`iq goecy nocq ievo v`c bsfncq. tceqioe tkme+ jsv oeky loz
tcotkc v`mv v`mv bsfnc tsvq ievo v`c bmik qyqvcg%
V`iq gcmeq v`mv v`c bsfnc fizcavky tzolivq loz qcefien yos vo bmik-
Il v`czc iq eo |iavig+ v`czc iq eo azigc-Zin`vq ameeov jc aoe|czvcf ievo azigcq%
Vo *Qcz|c mef Tzovcav*
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 167/231
Oz *@mzmqq mef Aokkcav?*
Iv.q mkk mjosv v`c goecy
Goqv *qvmvsvozy aofccelozacgcev olliaczq*
`m|c goev`ky }sovmqv`cy `m|c vo zcma`%
Aoggczaimk Vczgq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 168/231
Km~lsk no|czegcev iq kigivcf jy v`c Aoeqvivsvioe qo iv.q bsziqfiavioemk josefmzicq mzc ivqckl
mef .tczqoeq+. v`mv iq+ aoggczaimk cevivicq% Qo v`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ mef iv.q lzmea`iqcq ame
zcnskmvc aoggczac ~iv`ie iv.q bsziqfiavioemk josefmzicq ol v`c FA mef SQ acfcf kmefq%
V`c mkk'amtivmk emgc v`mv iq qtckkcf kihc yosz emgc iq mqqsgcf vo jc m SQ aivirce mef qsjbcav
vo ivq bsziqfiavioe%
Zcgcgjcz v`mv qo|czcineq mzc eov qsjbcavq
vo v`c v`ienq v`mv v`cy mzc qo|czcine o|cz%
Aoggczaimk Vczgq mzc sqcf vo qineily v`mv oec iq ~iv`ie v`ciz bsziqfiavioe% Aoggczaimk vczgq
ieaksfc2
Fzi|czq kiaceqc Vzmllia
Govoz \c`iakc Tmqqcencz
Fzi|cz Otczmvoz
Zcqifc Zcqifcev
^`o O~eq v`c ^cqv?Lcfczmk Kmef mq m Tczacevmnc ol Vovmk Qvmvc Kmef Mzcm
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 169/231
Lcfczmk Kmef mq m Tczacevmnc ol Vovmk Qvmvc Kmef Mzcm
Qtcaimk tzo|iqioe iq gmfc ie
v`c Aoeqvivsvioe loz v`c acqqioe
ol bsziqfiavioe lzog v`c qvmvcq
o|cz tkmacq ~`czc v`c lcfczmk
no|czegcev q`mkk cqvmjkiq`
lozvq oz ov`cz gikivmzy ~ozh%
Mef iv iq OEKY IE V@CQC
TKMACQ oz ie vczzivozicq ol v`c
Seivcf Qvmvcq+ ~`czc iv amecpczaiqc m nceczmk bsziqfiavioe%
Ec~ Ozkcmeq |% Seivcf Qvmvcq+
13 S%Q% (=4 Tcv%) <<:SQ Aozt `mq sqsztcf kmef v`mv
zin`vlskky jckoenq vo v`c tcotkc-
Fc lmavo Ceazoma`gcev
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 170/231
V`c fc lmavo No|czegcev iq EOV qsjbcav vo v`c aoeqcev ol v`cno|czecf% Zmv`cz+ v`c no|czecf mzc qsjbcav vo v`c ~`ig mef nzccf
ol v`c aoztozmvioe+ ~`ia` `mq qvzcva`cf ivq vcevmakcq jcyoef v`c
vce'gikc q}smzc tmzack ol kmef heo~e mq v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim+
ceazoma`ien ievoc|czy qvmvc ol v`c Zctsjkia%
V`iq aoztozmvioe mq
EO km~lsk bsziqfiavioe osvqifc
ol v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim%
V@CY bsqv ~mev yos vo v`ieh
v`mv v`cy fo%
S Q Aoenzcqq2
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 171/231
Yos gsqv jc gmfc m~mzc v`mv v`c gcgjczq ol Aoenzcqq fo EOV ~ozh loz yos%Zmv`cz+ v`cy qcz|c v`c no|czegcev ol v`c Aoztozmvioe heo~e mq V@C SEIVCF
QVMVCQ% V`iq iq ~`y ~c ame‐v ncv v`cg vo fo meyv`ien oe osz jc`mkl oz vo meq~cz
vo sq'mq ie v`c amqc ~iv` v`c ikkcnmk ieaogc vmp mef @%Z% 60>: @cmkv` Amzc mef
Cfsamvioe Zcaoeaikimvioe Mav ol :4=4+ Tsjkia Km~ Eo2 ==='=3:8 mgoen gmey
ov`cz v`ienq% Aoevzmzy vo totskmz jckicl+ v`cy mzc EOV osz ai|ik qcz|mevq% V`cyqcz|c v`c aoztozmvc no|czegcev mef amzzy osv ivq jiffien%
V`cy otczmvc jy aoztozmvc tokiay+ eov km~%
S%Q% Aoenzcqq2
Eov Osz Ai|ik Qcz|mevq
M Gskvi'@cmfcf Goeqvcz
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 172/231
V`c nzcmv esgjcz ol aoggivvccq+mfgieiqvzmvi|c mnceaicq meffctmzvgcevq v`mv v`c Aoenzcqq `mqazcmvcf mkk ~ozh voncv`cz kihc mgskvi'`cmfcf goeqvcz vo o|czqccv`c |mziosq aoztozmvc fctmzvgcevq%
C|czy qienkc oec ol v`cg v`mvotczmvcq osvqifc v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim iq ie |iokmvioe ol v`ckm~% V`c no|czegcev ol v`caoztozmvc SEIVCF QVMVCQ `mq
eo bsziqfiavioe oz msv`ozivy ieMEY qvmvc ol v`c Zctsjkia jcyoefv`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim+ sekcqq yos aoevzmav ~iv` v`cg%
^`y focq v`c QVMVC
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 173/231
`okf yosz vivkc?Vivkc2 V`c lozgmk zin`v ol o~eczq`it ol
tzotczvy% Vivkc iq v`c gcmeq ~`czcjy
v`c o~ecz ol kmefq `mq v`c bsqv
toqqcqqioe ol `iq tzotczvy%
' Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy + < v` Cfivioe
Aczviliamvc2 M ~zivvce mqqszmeac+ oz
olliaimk zctzcqcevmvioe+ v`mv qogc mav
`mq oz `mq eov jcce foec+ oz qogc
c|cev oaaszzcf+ oz qogc kcnmk lozgmkivy`mq jcce aogtkicf ~iv`%
' Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy + <v` Cfivioe
Jizv` zcaozfq
sqcf vo jc hctv iev`c Qazitvszcq%
V`iq Qazitvszc
Zcaozf iq tzool ol
yosz jizv` mefaivirceq`it%
^`o‐q Nov O~eczq`it?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 174/231
V`c aoztozmvc SEIVCF QVMVCQ mkqo `okfqo~eczq`it ol mkk yosz mqqcvq+ yosz tzotczvy+
mef c|ce yosz a`ikfzce% Yos ncv m
„aczviliamvc‐ ol vivkc+ eov v`c vivkc ivqckl% i%c%+
„Jizv` aczviliamvc%‐ V`c oeky ~my A`ikf
Tzovcavi|c Qcz|iacq+ me mfgieiqvzmvi|c
mnceay ol v`c S%Q%+ ame vmhc yosz a`ikfzce
m~my fcqtivc yosz tzovcqvq iq il v`c QVMVC
o~eq v`c a`ikfzce mef eov yos%
V`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ no|czegcev iq m aoztozmvcieqvzsgcev ol v`c ievczemvioemk jmehczq% V`iq gcmeqmkk S%Q% AIVIRCEQ mzc o~ecf jy m lozcineaoztozmvioe lzog jizv` vo fcmv`%
„S%Q% AIVIRCE‐
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 175/231
V`c tczqoe ~`o toqqcqqcq v`c c}sivmjkc zin`v vo tzotczvy mef zcaci|cq zcevq+
iqqscq+ mef tzolivq v`czcol+ v`c kcnmk cqvmvc ol ~`ia` iq |cqvcf ie m vzsqvcc%
Jczemzfq|ikkc Gcv`ofiqv Ctiqaotmk A`sza` |% Qcecy+ 03 E% B% C}% :>=+ 9< M% 100+ 1098Goozc |% Q`illkcvv+ =0> Hy% >+ :=< Q% ^% <=6+ <=<%
Jkmah„q Km~ Fiavioemzy+ V`izf Cfivioe
Acqvi ]sc Vzsqv @c ~`o `mq m zin`v vo m jcecliaimk
ievczcqv ie mef osv ol me cqvmvc v`c kcnmk vivkc vo ~`ia`
iq |cqvcf ie meov`cz%
: ^mq`j% Zcmk Tzot% =<1
@s`?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 176/231
Vivkc :< Qsjvivkc L A`mtvcz >< Qsja`mtvcz M
® >640% Mavioeq vo ceboie qtcailicf aoefsav zckmvcf vo vmp q`ckvczq mef zctozvmjkc vzmeqmavioeq
(f) Aivirceq mef zcqifcevq osvqifc v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq
Il mey aivirce oz zcqifcev ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq focq eov zcqifc ie+ mef focq eov `m|c `iq tzieaitmk
tkmac ol jsqiecqq ie+ mey Seivcf Qvmvcq bsfiaimk fiqvziav+ qsa` aivirce oz zcqifcev q`mkk jc vzcmvcf
loz tsztoqcq ol v`iq qcavioe mq zcqifien ie v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim%
® >>4=% FclieivioeqVivkc :< Qsjvivkc L A`mtvcz >9
(19) Tczqoeq zcqifien osvqifc Seivcf Qvmvcq
Il mey aivirce oz zcqifcev ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq focq eov zcqifc ie (mef iq eov losef ie) mey
Seivcf Qvmvcq bsfiaimk fiqvziav+ qsa` aivirce oz zcqifcev q`mkk jc vzcmvcf mq zcqifien ie v`c Fiqvziav
ol Aoksgjim loz tsztoqcq ol mey tzo|iqioe ol v`iq vivkc zckmvien vo ‖
(M) bsziqfiavioe ol aoszvq+ oz
(J) celozacgcev ol qsggoeq%
Il yos mzc m *S%Q% Aivirce+* v`c SQ `mq bsziqfiavioe o|cz yos eo gmvvcz ~`czc yos mzc%
Lszv`cz Aoelsqioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 177/231
@o~ iq iv toqqijkc v`mv v`c S%H% `mq v`c msv`ozivy vo gmhc kcniqkmvioe aoeaczeien
Qoaimk Qcaszivy ie v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq?
`vvt2//~~~%kcniqkmvioe%no|%sh/shqi/=99>/=>>0/aoevcevq/gmfc
V`c Qoaimk Qcaszivy (Seivcf Qvmvcq ol Mgcziam) Ozfcz =99>
Iv OEKY gmhcq qceqc ~`ce yos zcmkirc v`mv v`c Qoaimk Qcaszivy Mav iqcpaksqi|cky sefcz aoztozmvc SQ bsziqfiavioe ‑ mef iq eov tmzv ol v`cseioe ol zctsjkia qvmvcq%
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 178/231
SEIVCF QVMVCQKm~q mzc mzjivzmzy
Ie v`c mjqceac ol me mttkiamjkc Mav ol Aoenzcqq+ iv iq loz v`c lcfczmk aoszvq vo
lmq`ioe v`c no|czeien zskc ol lcfczmk km~
maaozfien vo v`ciz o~e qvmefmzfq%
T% 1=0 S%Q% 1<>% Akcmzlickf Vzsqv Ao% |% Seivcf Qvmvcq Eo% 694+
Mznscf Lcjzsmzy 3+ =961 Fcaifcf Gmza` =+ =961 1=0 S%Q% 1<1ACZVIOZMZI VO V@C AIZASIV AOSZV OL MTTCMKQ
LOZ V@C V@IZF AIZASIV
S%Q% Aoztozmvc bsfnc |q%m qo|czcine aivirce%
Oec gme ~iv` aoszmncgmhcq m gmbozivy%
Mefzc~ Bmahqoe
V`c S Q otczmvcq mq v`c fc lmavo no|czegcev jy fcazccf
S%Q% Aoszvzoogq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 179/231
V`c S%Q% otczmvcq mq v`c fc lmavo no|czegcev jy fcazccf
cgcznceay+ v`czclozc v`czc iq m qvmvc ol tczgmecev gmzvimk
km~% V`c nokf lziencf Seivcf Qvmvcq lkmn iq m ~mz lkmn ~`ia`
fceovcq gmzvimk km~+ sefcz ~`ia` yos mzc tzcqsgcf nsikvysevik tzo|ce ieeoacev%
MKK S%Q% aoszvq mzc gikivmzy vzijsemkq mqc|ifceacf jy aoszvzoogq fiqtkmyien v`c
nokf gikivmzy lziencf lkmn ol v`c cpcasvi|c%
V`c aoszv lmikq vo qcz|c fsc tzoacqq+ jcamsqc
v`cy mk~myq qsggoe v`c mkk'amtivmk
ZOGME / GIKIVMZY KM^ QVZM^ GME EMGCv`mv qosefq kihc yosz emgc% V`cy `m|c eokm~lsk bsziqfiavioe vo qsggoe mey ki|ienjzcmv`ien gme oz ~ogme oe v`c qoik ol v`iq emvioe%
Nokf'Lziencf S%Q% Lkmn
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 180/231
V`c bsfnc qivvien sefcz m nokf lziencf lkmn `mq mzjivzmzy to~cz vo gmhc oz ievcztzcv v`c zskcq mq `c ~ikkq% Lcfczmk bsfncq mzc mttoievcf jy v`c Tzcqifcev+ v`c emvioemkgikivmzy aoggmefcz ie a`icl% V`c Qvmvc bsfncq mzcmttoievcf jy v`c No|czeozq+ v`c qvmvc gikivmzy
aoggmefczq% Goqv bsfncq mzc mttoievcf jcamsqc v`caoszvq mzc gikivmzy aoszvq mef ai|ikimeq fo eov nceczmkkyckcav gikivmzy olliaczq%
V`c nokf'lziencf lkmn oeky qvmefq ieqifc gikivmzy aoszvq v`mv qiv ie qsggmzyaoszv gmzvimk tzoaccfienq mnmieqv ai|ikimeq mef qsa` aoszvq mzc no|czecf ietmzv jy koamk zskcq+ jsv gozc cqtcaimkky jy V`c Gmesmk ol Aoszvq Gmzvimk+ S%Q%+
=996 Cf%+ mv Mzv% 99+ (a)(=)(j)+ tn% I\'16+ TIE 4143<>'4444+ S%Q% No|czegcev Tzievien Olliac+ ^mq`%
F%A% V`c fcvmikq ol v`c azigcq v`mv ai|ikimeq ame aoggiv+ v`mv mzc akmqqcf mq .Mavq ol ^mz+. ao|cz =:3
tmncq%
Vzmfien ^iv` v`c Cecgy Mav
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 181/231
V`c Vzmfien ~iv` v`c Cecgy Mav+ ~iv` ivq
mgcefgcevq+ gmfc mkk =6v` mgcefgcev aivirceq (i%c%+
–S%Q% AIVIRCEQ“) cecgicq ol v`c qvmvc%
V`c aoszvq `m|c st`ckf v`mv QVMVC mef LCFCZMKolliaimkq+ ieaksfien tokiac olliaczq+ ame kic vo yos mef
aoczac yos ievo ma}sicqaceac ~iv` mjqoksvc igtseivy%
V`iq gcmeq v`mv v`cy ~ikk eov `m|c vo meq~cz loz v`ciz
aoczaioe oz kicq vo yos% Zcgcgjcz+ c|czyv`ien yos qmy
mef fo ^IKK jc sqcf mnmieqv yos+ ec|cz ie yoszfclceqc%
V`cy mzc eov v`czc *Vo Qcz|c mef Tzovcav%*
n y
S%Q% Aofc Vivkc =3 A` :J ®>0ll
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 182/231
(m) ^ikklsk |iokmvioeq8 lmkqc mef giqkcmfien qvmvcgcevq Mey tczqoe ~`o~ikklskky |iokmvcq mey tzo|iqioe ol v`iq a`mtvcz (ov`cz v`me qcavioe >0ff ‑ = ol v`iqvivkc)+ oz mey zskc oz zcnskmvioe v`czcsefcz v`c |iokmvioe ol ~`ia` iq gmfc sekm~lskoz v`c ojqcz|meac ol ~`ia` iq zc}sizcf sefcz v`c vczgq ol v`iq a`mtvcz+ oz mey tczqoe~`o ~ikklskky mef heo~ienky gmhcq+ oz amsqcq vo jc gmfc+ mey qvmvcgcev ie meymttkiamvioe+ zctozv+ oz foasgcev zc}sizcf vo jc likcf sefcz v`iq a`mtvcz oz mey zskc
oz zcnskmvioe v`czcsefcz oz mey sefczvmhien aoevmiecf ie m zcniqvzmvioe qvmvcgcev mqtzo|ifcf ie qsjqcavioe (f) ol qcavioe >0o ol v`iq vivkc+ oz jy mey qckl'zcnskmvozyoznmeirmvioe ie aoeecavioe ~iv` me mttkiamvioe loz gcgjczq`it oz tmzviaitmvioev`czcie oz vo jcaogc mqqoaimvcf ~iv` m gcgjcz v`czcol ~`ia` qvmvcgcev ~mq lmkqcoz giqkcmfien ~iv` zcqtcav vo mey gmvczimk lmav+ q`mkk stoe aoe|iavioe jc liecfeov gozc v`me &3+444+444+ oz igtziqoecf eov gozc v`me :4 ycmzq+ oz jov`+ cpactv
v`mv ~`ce qsa` tczqoe iq m tczqoe ov`cz v`me m emvszmk tczqoe+ m liec eov cpaccfien&:3+444+444 gmy jc igtoqcf8 jsv eo tczqoe q`mkk jc qsjbcav vo igtziqoegcev sefczv`iq qcavioe loz v`c |iokmvioe ol mey zskc oz zcnskmvioe il `c tzo|cq v`mv `c `mf eoheo~kcfnc ol qsa` zskc oz zcnskmvioe%
S Q A f Vivk =3 A` :J ®>0ll I ki vi
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 183/231
S%Q% Aofc Vivkc =3 A` :J ®>0ll Igtkiamvioeq
Qieac v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ mef cma` mef c|czy QVMVC lzmea`iqc mzc loz'tzoliv aoztozmvioeq vzmfien qcaszivicq+ v`cy mzc mkk qsjbcav vo v`iq tcemkvyakmsqc- Zcgcgjcz v`mv v`c no|czegcev kooqcq qo|czcinevy ~`ce iv cevczq
ievo tzi|mvc jsqiecqq% V`c aoszvq mzc loz'tzoliv aoztozmvioeq+ qo *Olliaczqol v`c Aoszv* i%c%+ tokiacgce mef `in`~my tmvzokgce+ mzc mkk qsjbcav vov`iq akmsqc%
V`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ iq…
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 184/231
S%Q% Aofc Vivkc :0+ 144:2
(=3) –Seivcf Qvmvcq“ gcmeq ‑
(M) M Lcfczmk aoztozmvioe8
(J) Me mnceay+ fctmzvgcev+ aoggiqqioe+ jomzf+ oz ov`cz cevivy ol v`c
Seivcf Qvmvcq8 oz
(A) Me ieqvzsgcevmkivy ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq
Eovc v`mv *m seioe ol v`c Qvmvcq*
iq eov losef ie v`iq fclieivioe%
V`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ iq…
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 185/231
S%Q% Aofc Vivkc :<+ >>4=2(9) Seivcf Qvmvcq
V`c vczg –Seivcf Qvmvcq“ ~`ce sqcf ie m nconzmt`iamk qceqc ieaksfcq oeky
v`c Qvmvcq mef v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim%
(=4) Qvmvc
V`c vczg –Qvmvc“ q`mkk jc aoeqvzscf vo ieaksfc v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim+~`czc qsa` aoeqvzsavioe iq ecacqqmzy vo amzzy osv tzo|iqioeq ol v`iq vivkc%
Zcgcgjcz+ m vczg gcmeq v`c ~ozf oz t`zmqc `mq meov`cz gcmeien v`me
~`mv iq aoggoeky sefczqvoof+ mef „ieaksfc‐ gcmeq „ieaksfcq OEKY %‐
Amzclsk zcmfien zc|cmkq v`mv v`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ aoeqiqvq cpaksqi|cky ol
v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim-
@in`cqv aoszv ol m Qvmvc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 186/231
(j) Loz v`c tsztoqcq ol v`iq qcavioe+ v`c vczg –`in`cqv aoszv ol m
Qvmvc“ ieaksfcq v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim Aoszv ol Mttcmkq%
S%Q% Aofc Vivkc :0 Tmzv I\ A` 0= Qsjqcavioe =:3>
Zcgcgjcz+ ieaksfcq kigivq v`c fclieivioe-
Iv cpaksfcq c|czyv`ien eov kiqvcf%
@in`cqv aoszv ol m Qvmvc
ZA^ :3%=3%443 (=:)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 187/231
–Qvmvc“ gcmeq v`c Fiqvziav ol Aoksgjim oz v`c Aoggoe~cmkv`ol Tsczvo Ziao oz mey qvmvc+ vczzivozy+ toqqcqqioe+ oz ov`cz
bsziqfiavioe ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ov`cz v`me v`c qvmvc ol
^mq`ienvoe ZA^ :3%=3%443 (=:)
Tiavszc Kmhc+ ^mq`ienvoe+ iq eov tmzv ol v`c QVMVC OL ^MQ@IENVOE%
^mq`ienvoe‐q V~o Aoeqvivsvioeq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 188/231
Mq v`czc iq jov` m aoeqvivsvioe loz v`c Zctsjkia+ mef oec loz v`c aoztozmvcFcgoazmay+ v`czc mzc mkqo v~o aoeqvivsvioeq loz mq`ienvoe% Oec ~mq
azcmvcf jy v`c tcotkc+ mef iq loz v`c zctsjkia qvmvc ol ^mq`ienvoe+ mef v`c
qcaoef ~mq ieivimvcf jy v`c no|czeoz ol v`c qvmvc mef iq loz v`c QVMVC OL
MQ@IENVOE aoztozmvc Fcgoazmay% V`c lizqv ~mq tzotczky zmvilicf jy v`c
tcotkc oe v`ciz aosevicq% V`c qcaoef aoeqvivsvioe ~mq amkkcf loz jyno|czegcev olliaimkq+ eov v`c tcotkc%
V`c aoztozmvc aoeqvivsvioe ineozcf v`c lizqv aoeqvivsvioe cevizcky% Km~lskky+mq v`c lizqv Aoeqvivsvioe ~mq tzotczky zmvilicf jy v`c tcotkc+ iv ~oskf`m|c vo jc gofilicf jy v`c tcotkc% V`czclozc+ v`c qcaoef aoeqvivsvioe ameoeky jc loz m qctmzmvc cevivy%
`vvt2//~~~%azvl%ozn/lzmsf%`vgk
Qvmvc ol ^mq`ienvoe mef
v`c QVMVC ol MQ@IENVOE
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 189/231
v`c QVMVC ol MQ@IENVOEV`c tzcmgjkc ol v`c =009 AOEQVIVSVIOE ol v`c QVMVC ol
MQ@IENVOE jcnieq2
–^c+ v`c tcotkc ol v`c Qvmvc ol mq`ienvoe…“
–V`c tcotkc“ v`czcjy maheo~kcfncf v`mv v`cy ~czc mkzcmfy qsjbcavq ol v`c
Qvmvc ol ^mq`ienvoe+ mef sefcz v`c =0>0 Aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c Qvmvc ol
mq`ienvoe% V`c tsztoqc ol v`c =009 AOEQVIVSVIOE ol v`c QVMVC ol
MQ@IENVOE ~mq vo azcmvc m lzmea`iqc aoztozmvioe vo zskc o|cz qsjbcavq
mef v`mv aoskf ievczmav ~iv` v`c lozcine'o~ecf SEIVCF QVMVCQ%
V`c Qvmvc ol ^mq`ienvoe ~mq mfgivvcf ievo v`c Seioe mq m Zctsjkia%
Eozv`~cqv Ozfiemeac
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 190/231
V`c Eozv`~cqv Ozfiemeac nsmzmevccf v`mv v`c tcotkc
~oskf `m|c m aoggoe km~ no|czegcev lozc|cz% Oeky m
aoggoe km~ no|czegcev iq vzsky km~lsk o|cz v`c kmefqv`mv ~czc oziniemkky sefcz v`c Eozv`~cqv Ozfiemeac% M zctsjkia Ol v`c Tcotkc+ Loz v`c Tcotkc+ mef Jy v`c Tcotkczseq sefcz Aoggoe Km~%
Qcc Eozv`~cqv Ozfiemeac2 Bsky =1+ =>0>+ Qcavioe =6 Mzviakc 3
^mq`ienvoe iq m Zctsjkia
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 191/231
V`c qvmvc ol ^mq`ienvoe ~mqmfgivvcf ievo v`c seioe
mq m Zctsjkia%Tzoakmgmvioe :96 ‑ Mfgiqqioe ol
^mq`ienvoe Ievo v`c Seioe+qinecf jy Jcebmgie @mzziqoe oe
Eo|cgjcz ==+ =009
Jcebmgie @mzziqoe
^mq`ienvoe iq m Zctsjkia
Fillczcev Aoeqvivsvioeq+
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 192/231
V`c tcotkc ol v`c qvmvc+ ie v`ciz zin`v ol qo|czcinevy+ mzc fcakmzcf
vo toqqcqq v`c skvigmvc tzotczvy ie mef vo mkk kmefq ~iv`ie v`c
bsziqfiavioe ol v`c qvmvc%
V`c Aoeqvivsvioe ol v`c Qvmvc ol mq`ienvoe+ M%F% =0>0+ Qcavioe 1
Tzi|mvc tzotczvy q`mkk eov jc vmhce loz tzi|mvc sqc+ cpactv loz… mef…
mef… mef… mef…“
V`c AOEQVIVSVIOE ol v`c QVMVC OL ^MQ@IENVOE+ M%F% =009+ Mzviakc =+ Qcavioe =<
Fillczcev Ievcevq
Kmef sefcz
Tzotczvy sefcz
Tzotczvy oz Kmef?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 193/231
Aoggoe Km~ (Zctsjkia)
–Mey nzosef+ qoik+ oz cmzv`
~`mvqoc|cz%“Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy Qipv` Cfivioe
–Cmzv`+ oz v`c qokif gmvvcz ~`ia`
aoeqvivsvcq v`c lipcf tmzv ol v`c
qszlmac ol v`c nkojc%“Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq`
Kmensmnc2 Eom` cjqvcz =0:0
Zogme Ai|ik Km~ (Fcgoazmay)
–Me mnnzcnmvc ol zin`vq ~`ia` mzcnsmzmevccf mef tzovcavcf jy v`cno|czegcev% V`mv zin`v ~`ia` oec `mq vokmefq oz vcecgcevq+ noofq oz a`mvvckq+~`ia` eo ~my fctcefq oe meov`cz gme‐qaoszvcqy%
Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy Qipv` Cfivioe
–V`c vczg –kmef “ gmy jc sqcfievcza`mencmjky ~iv` –tzotczvy%“
Jkmah‐q Km~ Fiavioemzy Qipv` Cfivioe
V`c cpaksqi|c zin`v ol toqqcqqien+ ceboyienmef fiqtoqien ol m v`ien2 o~eczq`it%Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c
Cenkiq`
Kmensmnc2 Eom` cjqvcz =0:0
Qo|czcinevy
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 194/231
Qo|czcinevy
V`c tcotkc ol v`iq qvmvc fo eov yickf v`ciz qo|czcinevy vo v`c mnceaicq v`mv qcz|c v`cg% V`c tcotkc+ ie fckcnmvien msv`ozivy+ fo eov ni|c v`ciz tsjkia qcz|mevq v`c zin`v vo fcaifc ~`mv iq noof loz v`c tcotkc vo heo~mef ~`mv iq eov noof loz v`cg vo heo~% V`c tcotkc ieqiqv oe zcgmieienielozgcf qo v`mv v`cy gmy gmievmie aoevzok o|cz v`c ieqvzsgcevq v`mv v`cy`m|c azcmvcf% V`iq a`mtvcz q`mkk jc kijczmkky aoeqvzscf mef ivq cpcgtvioeqemzzo~ky aoeqvzscf vo tzogovc v`iq tsjkia tokiay mef vo mqqszc v`mv v`ctsjkia ievczcqv ~ikk jc lskky tzovcavcf% Ie v`c c|cev ol aoelkiav jcv~cce v`ctzo|iqioeq ol v`iq a`mtvcz mef mey ov`cz mav+ v`c tzo|iqioeq ol v`iq a`mtvczq`mkk no|cze%
ZA^ 6:%3<%414
A` i vi N i N l v` QVMVC
No|czeoz ol ^MQ@IENVOE
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 195/231
A`ziqviec Nzcnoizc+ No|czeoz ol v`c QVMVC
OL MQ@IENVOE+ qinecf m gcmqszc voqsqtcef v`c vmp'kigivien aoeqvzmievq tkmacfoe km~gmhczq jy m |ovcz'mttzo|cfieivimvi|c% V`cy eo koencz c|ce tzcvcef vo
kiqvce vo v`c |oiac ol v`c tcotkc%
V`iq aoztozmvc mavioe iq
`mttceien mkk o|cz v`iq emvioe%
A@ZIQVIEC NZCNOIZC
`vvt2//qcmvvkcvigcq%e~qoszac%aog/ vgk/koamkec~q/:4===>>903_9<4qineien:3g%`vgk
Fcakmzmvioe ol Iefctcefceac
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 196/231
Fcakmzmvioe ol Iefctcefceac
Ie c|czy qvmnc ol v`cqc Ottzcqqioeq ^c `m|c Tcvivioecf
loz Zcfzcqq ie v`c goqv `sgjkc vczgq% Osz zctcmvcfTcvivioeq `m|c jcce meq~czcf oeky jy zctcmvcf iebszy% M XaoztozmvioeW ~`oqc a`mzmavcz iq v`sq gmzhcf jy c|czy mav ~`ia` gmy fcliec m Vyzmev+ iq seliv vo jc v`c zskcz ol mlzcc tcotkc%
^`czc Iq Yosz Mkkcnimeac?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 197/231
@m|c yos tkcfncfmkkcnimeac vo v`c
Zctsjkia+ oz
vo v`c Fcgoazmay?
Iq osz Emvioe v`c cgjofigcev ol „kijczvy mef bsqviac loz mkk ?‐
Seivcf Qvmvcq Omv` ol Mkkcnimeac
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 198/231
n
I `czcjy fcakmzc+ oe omv`+ v`mv I mjqoksvcky mef cevizcky zceoseac mef mjbszcmkk mkkcnimeac mef lifckivy vo mey lozcine tzieac+ tovcevmvc+ qvmvc+ ozqo|czcinevy ol ~`og oz ~`ia` I `m|c `czcvolozc jcce m qsjbcav oz aivirce8
v`mv I ~ikk qsttozv mef fclcef v`c Aoeqvivsvioe mef km~q ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ol
Mgcziam mnmieqv mkk cecgicq+ lozcine mef fogcqvia8 v`mv I ~ikk jcmz vzsc lmiv`mef mkkcnimeac vo v`c qmgc8 v`mv I ~ikk jcmz mzgq oe jc`mkl ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq
~`ce zc}sizcf jy v`c km~8 v`mv I ~ikk tczlozg eoeaogjmvmev qcz|iac ie v`c
Mzgcf Lozacq ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq ~`ce zc}sizcf jy v`c km~8 v`mv I ~ikk tczlozg
~ozh ol emvioemk igtozvmeac sefcz ai|ikime fizcavioe ~`ce zc}sizcf jy v`c km~8
mef v`mv I vmhc v`iq ojkinmvioe lzccky ~iv`osv mey gcevmk zcqcz|mvioe oz tsztoqc
ol c|mqioe8 qo `ckt gc Nof%
V`iq omv` gsqv jc vmhce jy mkk igginzmevq ~`o ~iq` vo jcaogc SeivcfQvmvcq Aivirceq+ mef qstczaccfcq osz mkkcnimeac vo Nof%
Mkkcnimeac
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 199/231
Mkkcnimeac iq zc}sizcf loz yos vo jc m aivirce ol v`c SEIVCF QVMVCQ+ mef
qsjbcav vo ivq km~q mef qvmvsvcq%
V`c cqqceac ol osz lzcc no|czegcev iq2 kcm|c vo ki|c jy eo gme‐q kcm|c sefcz
v`c km~% =911 mz To~czq Mav (Qcemvc zctozv 91369)
Mkkcnimeac fcvczgiecq ~`o yos jo~ v`c hecc vo mef jcaogc ojcficev vo%
^`ce v`c aoszvq igtoqc Zogme Ai|ik Km~ oe yos+ v`cy mzc zc'mkkcnimeaien
yos ievo v`ciz qyqvcg% Iq yosz mkkcnimeac vo v`c aoztozmvioe+ oz vo Nof? ^`ofo yos jo~ v`c hecc vo? Fo yos ollcz vzijsvc oz qmaziliac c|czy Mtzik =3v`?
Mzc yos zcefczien vo *Amcqmz* v`mv ~`ia` jckoenq vo Nof?
^c `m|c jcaogc me ifokmvzosq emvioe%
Mvvoze
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 200/231
Mvvoze% Vo vsze o|cz8 vo vzmeqlcz vo meov`cz goecyoz noofq8 vo mqqine vo qogc tmzviaskmz sqc oz
qcz|iac% Vo aoeqcev vo v`c vzmeqlcz… vo mnzcc vo%
Jkmah.q Km~ Fiavioemzy qipv` cfivioe
Mvvoze% Vo vsze+ oz vzmeqlcz `ogmnc mef
qcz|iac lzog oec kozf vo meov`cz% V`iq iq v`c mav
ol lcsfmvozicq+ |mqqmkq oz vcemevq+ stoe v`c
mkicemvioe ol v`c cqvmvc% Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol
v`c Cenkiq` Kmensmnc2 Eom` ^cjqvcz =0:0
^`mv fo yos v`ieh `mttceq ~`ce yos aoevzmav ~iv` me mvvozecy? Mvvozecyq mzc
eov kiaceqcf% V`cy mzc mfgivvcf vo v`c Jmz+ mef acmqc vo jc Mgcziameq% V`cy
mzc zc'mkkicnmeacf vo v`c Jziviq` Maazcfivmvioe Zcniqvzy%
*Kmef ol v`c Lzcc+
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 201/231
@ogc ol v`c Jzm|c?*V`c aoztozmvc SQ `mq jcce fccfcf o|cz vo v`c IGL%
V`c IGL iq o~ecf jy v`c Seivcf Emvioeq%
Mvvozecyq `m|c zc'mkkcnimeacf v`cgqck|cq vo v`c JMZ%
V`c Jziviq` no|czegcev fcaifcq SQ tokiay (i%c%+ Qoaimk Qcaszivy)%
V`cqc mavq mzc mkk tmzv ol m loz'tzoliv aoztozmvioe qcchien vo aokkcav lsefq vo aszc
v`ciz fiq`oeoz ie aoggczac/jmehzstvay% Eo aoztozmvioe ie jmehzstvay ame
ki}sifmvc mey mqqcvq jsv iv.q o~e% V`c SQ aoztozmvioe `mq EO JSQIECQQmvvcgtvien vo ki}sifmvc osz mqqcvq vo tmy iv.q jmehzstvay%
V`iq aoztozmvioe iq lozcine vo ~c v`c Tcotkc%
Qvmvc | A`mefkcz : Fck 331 333'3< (=01>)
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 202/231
Qvmvc |% A`mefkcz+ : Fck 331+ 333'3< (=01>)
V`c cvczemk tzieaitkcq ol emvszmk zckinioe mzc tmzv ol v`c
aoggoe km~8 v`c cqqcevimk tzieaitkcq ol zc|cmkcf
zckinioe mzc tmzv ol v`c aoggoe km~8 qo v`mv mey tczqoe
zc|ikien+ qsj|czvien+ oz zifiaskien v`cg+ gmy jc
tzoqcasvcf mv aoggoe km~…*
Qvmvc |% A`mefkcz+ : Fck 331+ 333'3< (=01>)
Vivkc =0 Tv I A` = ® 6
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 203/231
Vivkc =0 Tv I A` = ® 6
Giqtziqioe ol Lckoey2
^`oc|cz+ `m|ien heo~kcfnc ol v`c mavsmk aoggiqqioe ol m lckoey aoneirmjkcjy m aoszv ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ aoeacmkq mef focq eov mq qooe mq toqqijkc gmhc
heo~e v`c qmgc vo qogc bsfnc oz ov`cz tczqoe ie ai|ik oz gikivmzy msv`ozivy
sefcz v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ q`mkk jc liecf sefcz v`iq vivkc oz igtziqoecf eov gozc
v`me v`zcc ycmzq+ oz jov`%
^`mv mzc yos foien mjosv v`iq?
*V` G i i E V`
^`czc iq yosz loasq?
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 204/231
*V`c Gmvzip iq m qyqvcg+ Eco% V`mvqyqvcg iq osz cecgy% Jsv ~`ce yos.zcieqifc+ yos kooh mzosef+ ~`mv fo yosqcc? Jsqiecqqgce+ vcma`czq+ km~yczq+amztcevczq% V`c |czy giefq ol v`ctcotkc ~c mzc vzyien vo qm|c% Jsvsevik ~c fo+ v`cqc tcotkc mzc qvikk mtmzv ol v`mv qyqvcg%%% Yos `m|c vosefczqvmef+ goqv ol v`cqc tcotkc mzceov zcmfy vo jc setksnncf% Mef gmeyol v`cg mzc qo ieczv+ qo `otckcqqkyfctcefcev oe v`c qyqvcg+ v`mv v`cy
~ikk lin`v vo tzovcav iv%* Gozt`csq+ V`c Gmvzip (=999)
Lzon Joikien Vigc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 205/231
V`c tzcgiqc iq v`mv il m lzon iq
tkmacf ie joikien ~mvcz+ iv ~ikk bsgt
osv+ jsv il iv iq tkmacf ie aokf ~mvcz v`mv
iq qko~ky `cmvcf+ iv ~ikk eov tczaci|c
v`c fmencz mef ~ikk jc aoohcf vo fcmv`%
V`iq iq m gcvmt`oz ol v`c iemjikivy ol
tcotkc vo zcmav vo qineiliamev a`mencq
v`mv oaasz nzmfsmkky%
V`c ~mvcz ol v`iq emvioe iqmjosv vo joik+ mef iv‐q vigc vo ncv
osv ol v`c gmvzip-
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 206/231
Vo zctcev lzog ecnkcavien ojkinmvioeq vo qckl'no|cze Vo tcmaclskky gme v`c olliacq ol km~lsk ai|ikime no|czegcev
Vo kcm|c zcaozfq ol ~`o+ ~`mv+ ~`ce+ ~`czc mef `o~ v`c
Zctsjkia cpiqvq
Vo tzctmzc v`oqc ~`o aogc jc`ief vo amzzy oe v`c zctsjkia
Vo tzo|ifc zcgcfy loz v`c tzc|mkcev iebsqviac
Vo m~mhce v`oqc qvikk ie v`c gmvzip
GCLozgcf jy
NofL v Ji v`
Fcazcc yosz tokiviamk ~ikkOeky yos ame fcaifc ~`o mef ~`mv yos mzc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 207/231
EO
Lzcc mv Jizv`
CPTMVZIMVIOE vo S%Q% Mzviliaimk Aoztozmvc Cevivy
Ifcevilicf jy gy emgc ieAMTIVMKQ QVZM^GME
YCQ ZcmqqczvQo|czcinevy
M Qo|czcineNo|czecf jy Aoggoe Km~
Lzcc lzog Lzmea`iqcq
M Qsjbcav No|czecf jyTsjkia (aoztozmvc) TokiayV`zosn` Lzmea`iqcq
=6v` Mgcefgcev
Qkm|c (a`mvvck) ol v`cAoztozmvc SeivcfQvmvcq
V`c TSJKIAVZSQV
:< S%Q%A 144:(=3)(m)
©:440 gia`mck'foemkf8 Mkk Zin`vq Zcqcz|cf
YCQ
EO
Jizv`Aczviliamvc
Qinecf
A`ooqc Tokiviamk ikkmef qazitvszc zcaozf
Zcmk+ ki|ien+ jzcmv`ien qosk ol Nof
y y y
M Lzcc Qo|czcineoe v`c
^mq`ienvoe zctsjkiamef v`c
Aoeqvivsvioemk VzsqvV`c seivcf Qvmvcq ol
Mgcziam+ mq mgcefcf+ M%F% =>9=
Heo~ ~`mv yos mzc Eov
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 208/231
Mq m ki|ien gme (oz ~ogme) oe v`c aosevy ol Hien+ I `m|c eo heo~e gcgozy ol2
• mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo mav ie v`c emgc ol m liavioe8 oz • mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo mav osvqifc gy qvmvsq ol m tzi|mvc ai|ikime8 oz • mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo mav ie v`iq qvmvc oz ~iv`ie v`iq qvmvc mq m lcfczmk |cesc8 oz+• mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo aoefsav mey aoggczaimk mavi|ivicq ie me mzviliaimk tmzvy8 oz+• mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo mav mq m liavioe ie lcfczmk aoggczac8 oz • mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo mav mq m .tczqoe8. oz • mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo mav mq tsjkia tzotczvy8 oz • mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo mav ie v`iq qvmvc mq m Tczqoe qsjbcav vo v`c fiqvziavq ie
v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq8 oz• mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo zcqifc8 oz • mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo mav mq m zcqifcev ie m lcfczmk |cesc8 oz
• mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy ol aoefsavien mey kcnmk zckmvioeq sefcz v`c lcfczmk lkmn ol cpcasvi|c ozfcz8 oz
• mey heo~e kcnmk fsvy vo mav oz otczmvc ie m fcgoazmay mq m vzsqvcc mq m SQ tczqoe%
Heo~ ^`o
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 209/231
I mg mv mkk vigcq ie gcgozy m
jcecliaimzy oe v`c qc|czmk qvmvcq oe m
bsfiaimk fiqvziav oe v`c aosevy ol
Hien% Mq m tzi|mvc ai|ikime+ ki|ien
gme oe v`c aosevy ol Hien+ I mg eov
ckinijkc loz mey jceclivq ie m
tsztozvcf lcfczmk |cesc% Mq m tzi|mvc
ai|ikime+ ki|ien gme oe v`c aosevy ol
Hien+ I mg eov ckinijkc loz mey
tsztozvcf jceclivq ie v`iq qvmvc oz~iv`ie v`iq qvmvc mq m lcfczmk |cesc%
Gy oeky kimjikivy+ m jcecliaimzy oe
v`c qc|czmk qvmvcq oe m bsfiaimk
fiqvziav oe v`c aosevy ol Hien%
Yos Mzc
Secesgczmvcf Zin`vq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 210/231
Secesgczmvc Zin`q mzc ni|ce vo sq jy Nof% V`c Aoeqvivsvioe
zcaoneircq secesgczmvcf zin`vq% V`cqc mzc qigtky zin`vq v`mv
mzc zcaoneircf+ jsv eov ~zivvce% V`cqc ieaksfc%%
V`c zin`v vo km~lsk tzoacqqV`c zin`v vo km~lsk cpa`menc ‑ tmzivy-
V`c zin`v vo km~lsk goecy (eov fcjv EOVCQ)
V`c zin`v vo lief yosz ~my oe tsjkia zomf~myq
V`c zin`v vo tzovcav yoszqckl
Jikk ol Zin`vq Mzviakc IP *V`c cesgczmvioe ie v`c Aoeqvivsvioe+ ol aczvmie zin`vq+
q`mkk eov jc aoeqvzscf vo fcey oz fiqtmzmnc ov`czq zcvmiecf jy v`c tcotkc%*
Qvmvsvozy Km~q
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 211/231
Qvmvsvozy Km~q
Qvmvsvozy km~q `m|c EO CLLCAV oz bsziqfiavioe oe emvszmk
zin`vq% Emvszmk zin`vq mzc izzc|oamjkc% Qvmvsvozy km~q mzc oeky
o|cz tczqoeq ‑ fcmf cevivicq% .Mv km~. gcmeq qvmvsvc bsziqfiavioe%
V`iq iq cpaksqi|cky aoggczaimk+ Zogme ai|ik+ mfgizmkvy km~%
Aoggoe Km~ Aoszvq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 212/231
Mq ~c mqqcgjkc+ ~c mzc zc'cqvmjkiq`ien v`c zctsjkia qvmvcq+ mef ~c mzc
aoe|ceien aoggoe km~ aoszvq% V`c zskienq mzc maaozfien vo aoggoekm~+ mef ameeov jc o|czvszecf oz zc'vzicf jy v`c aoztozmvc aoszvq v`mvmjosef ie v`iq kmef% Aoztozmvc aoszvq mzc me mfgieiqvzmvi|c lozsgfcqinecf vo azcmvc tzoliv% V`cy fo eov otczmvc maaozfien vo AoggoeKm~% Il yos mzc eov ie aoevzmav ~iv` v`cg (mf`cqioe aoevzmavq-)+ v`cyfo eov `m|c bsziqfiavioe vo vzy yos ie v`ciz aoszvq%
Mzviakc \II ol v`c Jikk ol Zin`vq qvmvcq2
*Ie qsivq mv aoggoe km~+ ~`czc v`c |mksc ie aoevzo|czqy q`mkk cpaccf v~cevyfokkmzq+ v`c zin`v ol vzimk jy bszy q`mkk jc tzcqcz|cf+ mef eo lmav vzicf jy m
bszy q`mkk jc ov`cz~iqc zc'cpmgiecf ie mey Aoszv ol v`c Seivcf Qvmvcq+ v`memaaozfien vo v`c zskcq ol aoggoe km~%
Tokiviamk ^ikk
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 213/231
Eo oec ckqc iq mjkc vo qvmef st loz ~`o mef ~`mv yos mzc ‑ oeky yos `m|c v`cto~cz mef zcqtoeqijikivy vo fo qo% Mkk Tokiviamk To~cz iq ie`czcev ie v`ctcotkc% Iv iq tzcqsgcf v`mv yos mzc mkzcmfy m =6v` mgcefgcev aivirce+ mef v`iq
iq yosz ottozvseivy vo zcjsv v`mv tzcqsgtvioe%
Yos mzc iebszcf v`zosn` aoggczaimklzmsf% ^`ce yos czcav m tokiviamk ~mkkjcv~cce yos mef v`oqc ~`o cenmncyos ie aoggczaimk aoevzo|czqy+ yosazcmvc m jmzzicz jcv~cce yos mefv`cg/iv v`mv v`cy mzc eov km~lskky
tczgivvcf vo azoqq%
V`iq iq m qtizivsmk jmvvkc tzovcavcf jy
M Qtizivsmk Jmvvkc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 214/231
V`iq iq m qtizivsmk jmvvkc tzovcavcf jy
@iq ao|cemev+ v`mv ameeov jc ~oe ~iv`aoe|cevioemk gcv`ofq oz fzottien osvol v`c qyqvcg mef qvmyien sefcz v`c
zmfmz%
Qo|czcineq+ mq hienq+ gsqv seivcsefcz v`c Hien ol hienq ~iv`
vzsv` vo km~lskky mef
tcmaclskky mqqcgjkc mef
zctotskmvc v`c Zctsjkia%Yos ameeov ~ie v`iq jmvvkc
qvmefien mkoec%
Qsttozvien Qazitvszc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 215/231
–^`czclozc aogc osv lzog mgoen v`cg+ mef jc yc qctmzmvc+ qmiv` v`c
Kozf… : Aoziev`imeq <2=>+ HB\
–Qvmef lmqv v`czclozc ie v`c kijczvy ~`czc~iv` A`ziqv `mv` gmfc sq lzcc+
mef jc eov cevmenkcf mnmie ~iv` v`c yohc ol joefmnc%“Nmkmvimeq 32=+ HB\
Mef yc q`mkk heo~ v`c vzsv`+ mef v`c vzsv` q`mkk gmhc yos lzcc%
Bo`e 021:+ HB\
V`c A`ziqvime lmiv` iq m ao|cemev
~iv` ie`czcev ao|cemevmk ojkinmvioeq
Qsttozvien Qazitvszc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 216/231
Loz ~c ~zcqvkc eov mnmieqv lkcq` mef jkoof+ jsv mnmieqvtzieaitmkivicq+ mnmieqv to~czq+ mnmieqv v`c zskczq ol v`c fmzhecqq ol
v`iq ~ozkf+ mnmieqv qtizivsmk ~iahcfecqq ie `in` tkmacq%
Ct`cqimeq <2=:+ HB\
V`c fc lmavo+ lozcine'o~ecf
aoztozmvc loz'tzoliv no|czegcev iq
eov osz vzsc no|czegcev% Iv iq m
sqsztcz% ^c v`c tcotkc o~c eov`ien
vo v`iq ―Amcqmz‟ v`mv iq qcchien vo
ceqkm|c sq% Osz vzsc no|czegcev iq*Ol v`c tcotkc+ Loz v`c tcotkc+ mef
Jy v`c tcotkc%*
Lcmz ol v`c
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 217/231
Loz v`c kmqv `sefzcf ycmzq ~c `m|c jcce mavien kihc
Nifcoe+ v`zmq`ien `iq ~`cmv ie m ~iectzcqq (Bsfncq
a`mtvcz <%) Tcotkc mzc qo qamzcf ol v`c fc lmavo mnceaicq
v`mv ~c m|oif fmencz zmv`cz v`me qvmefien st loz ~`mv iq zin`v+ tsvvien osz
lmiv` ie v`c ikksqioe ol qmlcvy%
A`ziqvimeq vofmy lcmzlskky m|oif tokiviamk iqqscq mef ieqvcmf jkiefky ojcy
~`mv v`c aoztozmvc tokiay gmhczq qmy% Mq m emvioe+ ~c `m|c mjfiamvcf osz
qo|czcinevy mef `m|c zcvszecf vo qkm|czy% Qivvien oe v`c qifckiecq `mefq
Qmvme m |iavozy'yosz a`ikfzce ~ikk cef st vovmkky ceqkm|cf%
fc lmavo
^`czc
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 218/231
^`czc
mzc yos?
Yos ameeov qiv oe v`c lceac ie v`iq jmvvkc% Qikceac iq ma}sicqaceac+v`mv iq+ yosz aoeqcev vo v`c sekm~lsk mavioe(q) oaaszzien mzosef yos%
Qikceac qsttozvq v`c qyqvcg v`mv `mq sqsztcf v`c zin`vq ol ~c v`ctcotkc% Aoeviescf qsttozv ol v`c ~zoenq mzc v`c oeky zcmqoe v`c ~zoenq aoeviesc% ^`ce yos heo~ qogcv`ien iq ~zoen+ mef yos gmhc eo go|c vo qvot v`mv ~zoen+ yos jcaogc nsikvy ol v`mv ~zoen%
Km~ Lozg
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 219/231
V`c Qazitvszcq mzc sqcf ie Aoggoe Km~ aoszvq% Osz emvioe‐q losefien
foasgcevq mzc Aoggoe Km~ foasgcevq%
V`c aozc tzieaitkcq mzc2
=% ^c mzc zcqtoeqijkc loz osz mavioeq%
:% Il v`czc iq eo |iavig+ v`czc iq eo azigc-
Qo|czcine Gme `mq Ao|cemevmk Ojkinmvioeq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 220/231
@c iq zcqtoeqijkc loz `iq mavioeq
@iq ~ozf iq `iq joef
@c tzovcavq v`c ~cmh
@c ottzcqqcq eo oec
@c ko|cq Nof mef ecin`joz
@c ie|ivcq mkk vo cevcz ao|cemev
@c qvc~mzfq `iq zcqoszacq mq Vzsqvcc
sefcz Nof
@oeoz iq…Gce ~`o lcmz Nof
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 221/231
Gce ol vzsv`V`oqc ~`o `mvc fiq`oecqv nmie
Cpofsq =02:=
@oeoz… Foien ^`mv‐q Zin`v
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 222/231
Eov Ecacqqmziky ^`mv‐q Cmqy
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 223/231
Aoztozmvc liavioeq mzc eov yosz no|czegcev+ v`cy mzc tzi|mvc+ loz'tzoliv lozcine
aoztozmvioeq% V`cy mzc eov yoszq% ^`y ~mqvc vigc vzyien vo lip v`cg? Qigtky
zctotskmvc v`c oziniemk bsziqfiavioe Zctsjkia oe ~`ia` yos qvmef% V`iq iq ~`y ~c
mqqcgjkc% ^c v`c tcotkc+ oe v`c qoik ol osz aosevy+ mzc zc'cqvmjkiq`ien v`c km~lsk
ai|ikime no|czegcev% V`iq no|czegcev iq qstczioz vo mef `mq bsziqfiavioe o|cz v`cgmzvimk km~ gikivmzy no|czegcev v`mv iq aszzcevky .zseeien. osz emvioe% Aoztozmvioeq
oeky `m|c km~lsk bsziqfiavioe o|cz fcmf cevivicq+ eov ki|ien gce mef ~ogce%
Fo yos `m|c mey heo~e fsvy
vo mav mq m kcnmk liavioe?
Aoztozmvc Liavioeq
Qckl'Fcqvzsavioe
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 224/231
^c v`c tcotkc fo eov eccf vo mvvmah oz vzy vo a`menc
v`c aoztozmvioe v`mv iq v`c fc lmavo no|czegcev ie v`iq
emvioe zin`v eo~% Iv iq fcqvzoyien ivqckl%
V`c Zctsjkia Iq v`c Zcgcf y
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 225/231
^c `otc+ mef goqv ol mkk+ ~c tzmy v`mv ^c+ v`c qo|czcine Tcotkc+ ~ikk
~ozh voncv`cz ie m qtiziv ol aootczmvioe mq v`c =1 oziniemk aokoeicq
fcgoeqvzmvcf% V`c kijczvy v`mv osz meacqvozq losn`v qo `mzf vo ni|c sq
iq osz a`ikfzce‐q zin`vlsk kcnmay% c ame eo koencz jc qikcev v`iehien
~c mzc lzcc% c qvmef mq Oec Qo|czcine Tcotkc akmigien ~`mv `mq
jcce qvokce lzog v`c `osqc ol v`c Zctsjkia%
Mqqcgjky
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 226/231
y
Aoggoe km~ kicq ~iv` v`c tcotkc ie mqqcgjky% c mzc mao|cemev tcotkc ~iv` Nof% V`iq iq @iq jmvvkc+ jsv ~c gsqv tkmyosz zokc% Yos ~ikk eov lief bsqviac ie mey aoztozmvc aoszv%
Mavq =9210'19 *Il v`czclozc Fcgcvzisq mef v`c azmlvqgce ~iv` `ig `m|cm aogtkmiev mnmieqv meyoec+ v`c aoszvq mzc otce+ mef v`czc mzctzoaoeqskq% Kcv v`cg jzien a`mzncq mnmieqv oec meov`cz% Jsv il yosqcch meyv ien lszv`cz+ iv q`mkk jc qcvvkcf ie v`c zcnskmz mqqcgjky%*
Jikk ol Zin`vq Mzviakc I *Aoenzcqq q`mkk gmhc eo km~ zcqtcavien(tczvmieien vo)…v`c zin`v ol v`c tcotkc tcmacmjky vo mqqcgjkc*
A`sza`
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 227/231
V`c ~ozf mqqcgjky iq qogcvigcq vzmeqkmvcf a`sza`% V~o fclieivioeq ol a`sza`
mzc2
*M tmzviaskmz esgjcz ol A`ziqvimeq+ seivcf sefcz oec lozg ol caakcqimqviamk
no|czegcev+ ie oec azccf+ mef sqien v`c qmgc zivsmk mef aczcgoeicq…
Me mqqcgjky ol qmazcf zskczq aoe|cecf ie A`ziqv.q emgc vo cpcasvc iq km~q%*
Mgcziame Fiavioemzy ol v`c Cenkiq` Kmensmnc2 Eom` cjqvcz =0:0
V`c a`mzmavcz ol fcactvioe iq v`mv yos foe.v heo~ v`mv yos mzcfcaci|cf+ sevik yos mzc aoelzoevcf ~iv` v`c vzsv` mef mjkc vo `cmz iv%
: A`zoeiakcq >2=6
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 228/231
Il gy tcotkc ~`o mzc amkkcf jy gy emgc `sgjkc v`cgqck|cq+
mef tzmy mef qcch y lmac mef vsze lzog v`ciz ~iahcf ~myq+
v`ce I ~ikk `cmz lzog `cm|ce mef ~ikk lozni|c v`ciz qie mef`cmk v`ciz kmef%
Ncvvien Qvmzvcf
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 229/231
= Boie oz qvmzv me mqqcgjky oe yosz aosevy loz v`ctsztoqc ol cqvmjkiq`ien v`c km~lsk+ qckl'no|czecf+
ai|ikime no|czegcev%
: Cfsamvc yoszqckl sqien v`c zcqoszacq losef mv
~~~%mqqcgjkytoqv%aog1 Kcmze o~ vo ieqskmvc yoszqckl lzog mf`cqioe
aoevzmavq%
6 Il yos aszzcevky ~ozh loz mey no|czegcevmk
aoztozmvc cevivy+ lief ~myq vo qcz|c mef tzovcav v`c qo|czcine gce mef ~ogce oe v`c Zctsjkia%
`vvt2//nzostq%ym`oo%aog/nzost/mqqcgjkyec~q
V`c msv`ozq ~iq` vo v`meh mkk
Osz V`mehq
8/2/2019 Foundations of Freedom 20110124
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/foundations-of-freedom-20110124 230/231
V`c msv`ozq ~iq` vo v`meh mkkol v`c |oksevccz cfivozq ol v`iqtzcqcevmvioe mef v`c gce mef~ogce oe v`c qc|czmk aosevicqol v`c qc|czmk qvmvcq loz yoszfcfiamvioe mef mqqiqvmeac% ^cmzc mkqo |czy mttzcaimvi|c ol v`c
oenoien qsttozv ol oszlmgikicq%
Aoenzmvskmvioeq vo yos lozkcmzeien mef `okfien lmqv vo v`cvzsv`+ qvcttien loz~mzf+ mef
qvmefien st loz yosz Nof'ni|cezin`vq%