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FORMULATION APPROACHES AND DEVELOPMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURED
LIPID CARRIER
Presented By
Mr. Rahul S. DalviM. Pharm. (SEM – II)Dept. of Pharmaceutics
Guided By
Dr. A. J. ShindeAsso. Professor Dept. of Pharmaceutics
BHARATI VIDYAPEETH COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, KOLHAPUR
2015-2016
Date:12/03/2016
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Contents Introduction
Types of NLC
Composition
Method of preparation
Characterization methods
Case Study
Marketed products
Conclusion
References
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Introduction Lipid nanoparticles.
Second generation lipid nanoparticles.
Produced from blends of solid lipids and liquid lipids.
The solid blends obtained at room temperature and body
temperature.
Solid lipids are mixed with liquid lipids preferably in the ratio of
70:30 up to a ratio of 99.9:0.1.
Has lipid matrix with a special nanostructure which improve drug
loading and firmly incorporate the drug during storage.
Can be administered via oral, ocular, topical and intravenous
route.
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ( NLC )
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Limitations Poor drug loading capacity.
Drug expulsion after polymeric transition during storage.
Relatively high water content of the dispersions (70-99.9%)
The low capacity to load water soluble drugs due to
partitioning effects during the production process.
NLC overcome these limitations
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Advantages Better physical stability.
Ease of preparation and scale-up.
Increased dispersability in an aqueous medium.
High entrapment of lipophilic drugs and hydrophilic drugs.
Controlled particle size.
An advanced and efficient carrier system in particular for
substances.
Increase of skin occlusion.
Extended release of the drug.
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Types of NLC Type 1: Imperfect type NLC Solid and liquid lipids are blended.
Small amount of liquid lipid.
The difference in the structures of the lipids and special
requirements in the crystallization process lead to a highly
disordered, imperfect lipid matrix structure offering space for drug
molecules and clusters of drugs.
Drug
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Type 2: Multiple type NLC The multiple oil/fat/water, drug can be accomodated in the solid,
but at increased solubility in the oily parts of the lipid matrix.
At high oil concentrations a miscibility gap of two lipids occurs
during the cooling phase, leading to phase separation, that means
precipitation of tiny oily nano compartments.
Drug
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Type 3: Amorphous type NLC Lipids are mixed in a way that prevents them from crystallizing.
The lipid matrix is solid but, in a amorphous state.
e g. Hydroxy octacosanylhydroxystearate.
Drug
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Composition
Lipids
Water
Emulsifier
Main Components of
NLC
Components Ingredients Materials Solid lipids Tristearin, stearic acid, cetyl palmitate, cholesterol,
Precirol® ATO 5, Compritol® 888 ATO, Dynasan®116, Dynasan® 118, Softisan® 154, Cutina® CP, Imwitor® 900 P, Geleol®, Gelot® 64, Emulcire® 61
Liquid lipids
Medium chain triglycerides, paraffin oil, 2-octyl dodecanol, oleic acid, squalene, isopropyl myristate,vitamin E, Miglyol® 812, Transcutol® HP, Labrafil Lipofile® WL 1349, Labrafac® PG, Lauroglycol® FCC,Capryol® 90
Hydrophilic emulsifier
Pluronic® F68 (poloxamer 188), Pluronic® F127 (poloxamer 407), Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 80,polyvinyl alcohol, Solutol® HS15, trehalose, sodium deoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium oleate,polyglycerol methyl glucose distearate
Lipophilic emulsifier
Myverol® 18-04K, Span 20, Span 40, Span 60
Amphiphilic emulsifier
Egg lecithin, soya lecithin, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, Gelucire® 50/13
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Method of Preparation Homogenization technique
Solvent evaporation technique
Microemulsion technique
Melting Dispersion Technique
Double emulsion technique
Spray Drying
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Homogenization techniques
Constant stirring with high shear device
Cool at room temperature
Use of piston gap homogenizer
Hot homogenization
Drug dispersed in lipid melt
Then rapid refrigeration
Use of ice or liquid nitrogen
Cold homogenization
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Factors Affecting technique
High temperature, low viscosity of lipid melt, lower particle size,
can lead to degradation of drug and carrier.
High homogenization, high kinetic energy of particles, particle
coalescence, higher particle size.
Factors
Temperature Homogenization speed
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Solvent Evaporation Technique
Drug Lipid
_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-
_-_-_
H2O immiscible organic solvent
-_-_-_-_-_-_-
_-_-_-_
Emulsification with HPH
Micro fluidizer
Evaporation of organic solvent (at room temperature and reduced pressure)
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Concentration of lipid in organic solvent dictates particle size
Low lipid load, small particle size
Incorporation of thermolabile drugs
Disadvantages: use of organic solvent may interact with drug,
limited solubility of lipid in organic solvent.
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Microemulsion Technique The lipids are melted
Drug incorporated in molten lipid
A mixture is heated
Adding the melted lipid
Stirring
Transparent and thermodynamically are mixed
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Melting Dispersion Technique Melting of drug and lipids in organic solvent(oil phase)
Simultaneous heating of water at same temperature.
Addition of oil phase in small volume of water with stirring at
higher rpm for few hours.
Cooling down to room temperature.
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Double Emulsion Technique Drug dissolved in aqueous phase.
Then emulsification in melted lipids: Primary emulsion.
Add stabilizer: stabilized primary emulsion.
Dispersion in aq. phase containing hydrophilic emulsifier.
This double emulsion is stirred and filtered.
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Spray Drying Colloidal dispersion of NLC is spray dried
Cheaper than lyophilization
Disadvantages:
Particle aggregation due to high temperature
Shear forces
Partial melting of particles
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Characterization
Particle Size: Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
Zeta potential
Electron microscopy: SEM, TEM, AFM
Surface tension: Wilhemy plate method
DSC: Crystallinity
X-Ray Diffraction: Crystallinity
NMR: Mobility of materials in inner core of NLC
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Drug entrapment efficiency: Ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation,
filtration by sephadex and dialysis
Drug release: Franz cell
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Case StudyTitle : ‘Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Gel for Topical Delivery of
Ketoconazole’
API : Ketoconazole
Other excipients : Compritol 888@ ATO, Precirol@ ATO 5, Stearic
acid, Clove oil, Tween 80, Transcutol P, Ethanol, Carbopol 934, etc.
Experimental and Evaluation Parameters
Preformulation study
Screening of surfactuctant and co-surfactuctant system
Preparation of NLCFormulation concentrations for NLC
Factorial design
Formulation development
Preparation of KNLC
KNLC were prepared by using mechanical agitation method. Method uses
ketoconazole in 200 mg and 400 mg concentration, 40 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml of
clove oil and 160 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml of solid lipid compritol 888 ATO.
Surfactant, co-surfactant system included tween 80 (0.3% w/v) and triton X-
100 (0.1% w/v) were used for KNLC. Antisolvent volume was 50 ml.
Preparation of KNLC Gel
KNLC gel was prepared by using mechanical agitation method. Method uses
KNLC system of volume 50 ml and carbomer 934 was used as gelling agent at
concentration 1.5%.
Evaluation and optimization of Ketoconazole NLC
Crystallographic investigations
Evaluation of Ketoconazole NLC Gel
Accelerated stability studies
Accelerated stability study carried out for three months period at 250C ±
2˚c/ 75 % ±5% RH. Sampling has been done after three months period.
These gels were evaluated for in vitro drug release study (ICH Q1A (R2) .
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Marketed ProductsProducts Producer
Cutanova Dr. Rimpler
SuperVital cream IOPE
Surmer Isabella Lancray
NanoLipid Restore CLR Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Kurt Richter GmbH
NanoLipid Q 10 CLR Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Kurt Richter GmbH
NanoRepair Q 10 Dr. Rimpler
NanoVital Dr. Rimpler
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Conclusion The lipid nanoparticles – NLC are carrier systems with good
perspectives to be marketed very successfully.
The reason for this is that they were developed considering
industrial needs e.g. scale up, qualification and validation,
simple technology, low cost, tolerability
NLCs can generally be applied where solid nanoparticles
possess advantages for the delivery of drugs.
NLCs are used in topical drug delivery, oral and parenteral
administration. They also have used in cosmetics, food and
agricultural products.
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References Mishra B, Patel BB, Tiwari S, Colloidal nanocarriers: a
review on formulation technology, types and applications
toward targeted drug delivery, Nanomedicine. 2010; 6: 9– 24.
Muller, R. H. et al., Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for
controlled drug delivery – a review of the state of the art, Eur.
J. Pharm. Biopharm. 50, 161-177, 2000.
Carli, F., Physical Chemistry and Oral Absorption of the
Nanoparticulate Systems, 1999,158-160.
Joshi, M., Patravale, V., Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)
based gel of celecoxib, Int J Pharm, 2008, 346(1-2):124-32.
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