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ForefrontC O L L E G E O F E N G I N E E R I N G UNIVE R SITY O F CALIFO R NIA, B E R K E LE Y
fall 200
Broken Levees:New Orleans to Sacramento
UC Berkeley engineers lead search for solutions
New center puts Berkeley on the
synthetic biology map
Simulated quake rocks the house
Can biofuels break our oil addiction?
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Barreling due north, Katrina churned the waters of the Gulf of Mexico
like the blade of a washing machine, whipping counterclockwise as it
spun along a 150-mile-wide path. Wave heights reached 25 feet as winds
piled water into the bay known as Lake Borgne east of the city, spilling
over into Lake Pontchartrain north of downtown. The fact that the eye
passed east of the city was, in retrospect, just as bad as if it had borne
down on the city center. The cyclone winds at the advancing edge of
the storm blew hard, driving water into a blind pocket of bay and lake,
creating high watersso-called storm surge16 to 18 feet higher than
normal in Lake Borgne. Add to that the storm-tossed waves, and the
levees were simply overwhelmed.
The first sign of trouble came even before landfall, at 4:30 a.m., when
water piling into Lake Borgne funneled into the Industrial Harbor
Navigation Canal, a shortcut for ocean-bound ships exiting the Mississippi
River, breaching a levee meant to protect homes in the heart of New
Orleans. This was followed within hours by eight other major breaches,
which together flooded 80 percent of the city to depths of up to 20 feet,
inundating 200,000 homes,killing upwards of 1,300 people and displacing
450,000 more, and running up costs, according to some estimates as high
as $300 billion. Katrina was the most costly peacetime disaster to hit an
urban area in U.S. history.
It was a disaster that neednt have happened, according to Berkeley civil
and environmental engineers Raymond Seed and Robert Bea, and a dis-
aster that could repeat itself in California, they say.
A stunningly similar situation exists in California with the potentially
catastrophic seismic risk associated with the fragile labyrinth of levees
C A N K A T R I N A S L E S S O N S F O R E S T A L L D I S A S T E R I N
T H E D E L T A ?
By the time Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Plaquemines
Parish, 70 miles southeast of New Orleans, at 6 a.m. Monday,August 29, last year, it had weakened from a Category 5 hur-
ricane to Category 3, its swirling winds dropping from 160 to
114 miles per hour. The citys flood protection systemmore
than 400 miles of levees and floodwallswas ostensibly built
to withstand this level of storm.
Broken Levees: New Orleans to Sacramen
by robert sanders
photo
courtesy
fema
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