Download - Foothill College Energy System
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Foothill Energy System
Foothill CollegeFall 2012
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Big Ideas
• Modern utility systems
• Foothill’s power grid
• Renewable Energy (RE), Distributed generation (DG) and Intelligent Grid (IG)
• New Electricity Model
• Energy pulse of a building
• Energy Intelligence Ei = cm3
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Important Energy Units
• KW => Kilowatts (1,000 watts)• MW => Megawatts (1,000,000 watts)• kWh => Kilowatt-Hours• mWh => Megawatt-Hours• Therms => 100,000 BTU of heat capacity• BTU => British Thermal Units• Joule => one watt-second• KJ => Kilo Joules (~ 0.95 BTU)
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Modern Utility Systems1) The power plant, where primary energy from fuel is converted to electricity using a generator. 2) High-voltage transmission lines, which efficiently move electricity over large distances from power plants to end users. These are necessary, because today most power plants are built in remote places far from where people live, since a power plant is seldom a good thing to live beside. 3) A substation is the link between the transmission system and the distribution system. It "steps down" the voltage to lower levels suitable for distributing to end users. 4) Transformers reduce the voltage further to levels that can be used by appliances and machines operated by end users. 5) Local distribution wires move this low-voltage power to end-use locations, otherwise known as homes, schools and businesses.
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/ebf200up/node/151
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Foothill Power Grid
• 1.5 MW solar photovoltaic (PV)– 100KW PE– 440 KW IH– 1 MW Lots 2-3
• 250 KW cogeneration– 4 Capstone micro turbines in PE
• Main PG&E utility meter
• 75 buildings (8-10 building types)
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Foothill Energy System
Foothill College is the ideal test bed for innovative energy technology for clean generation, smart distribution, and efficient end use
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Large Scale REDistributed Generation
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Renewable Energy (RE)
• Zero emission power!
• 1.5 MW (mega-watt) Solar PV
• Generates ~ 2 million kWh per year – 25% of our 8M kWh projected load
• Produces 80 to 120% of our peak load– Very strong daytime electricity demand
• Offsets natural gas (power) on hot days– Saves ~ 1 lb of CO2 for every kWh produced
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Capstone MicroturbineBenefitsUltra-low emissions (CARB 2003 DG certified) Minimal annual maintenance Direct2Grid interconnection UL1741, CA Rule 21, NYPSC DG , No fluid storage, leakage, changes, disposal Reduced compression maintenance As low as 0.2 psig inlet pressure Uncontaminated exhaust heat for sensitive direct-drying applications Phase-to-phase balance (0-100%) on stand-alone units Small footprint, lightweight , Vibration-free, quiet operation . Easy indoor/outdoor/rooftop sitting Zero hardware arraying (up to 1.2MW) Optional remote monitoring/dispatch Optional heat recovery module Optional 2-to-100-unit PowerServer networking Optional external gas compressor that serves multiple units All Capstone MicroTurbines OperateContinuously or On-Demand Stand alone or Grid Connect Individually or Multi-pack Run on a variety of fuels
Low or High Pressure Natural Gas Biogas (landfill, wastewater treatment centers, anaerobic) Flare gas , Diesel , Propane , Kerosene
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Capstone Microturbine Heat RecirculationWaste heat from the generation of electricity is recirculated through a heat exchanger and transferred to a thermal sink, typically district steam, heating a swimming pool, or hot water for a hotel or hospital.
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Distributed Generation (DG)
• Generating power from the inside out• Local generation of electricity
– Power generation “inside the meter”
• Reduces demand from central plants• PV generation erases HVAC load• Cogeneration heats the swimming pool
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Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
12
Distributed Generation + Intelligent Grid Vision
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New Electricity Model
• Building from the middle out• Large-scale RE ‘inside the meter’• Power generation close to load• Sometimes called a ‘microgrid’• Combines DG, RE, storage and IG
– Active load control and balancing– Adv. Meter Data Management (MDM)
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Smart Energy System Stack
Clean generation
Smart distribution
Efficient end use
Flow of Energy
Flow of Information
Electrical Generation
Electrical Use
SYS-STEMic Energy principles described in Foothill College NSF-ATE Energy Program proposal October 2010
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Energy Systems Model
Modern Energy Systems
Large-scale Renewables
Distributed Resources
Smart Energy Systems
Advanced Transportation
Building Energy Efficiency
1
3
5
4
2
6
fossil-fuel based & centralized
de-centralizedlow-carbon
G2V/V2GDR/AMI/HEN
EMS/
DM
S/G
IS
integration integration
Macrogrid
Microgrid
Nanogrid
Clean generation
Smart distribution
Efficient end use
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Energy Pulse of a Campus
• Baseload energy• Start-up (morning) energy• PV production starts• Midday (all systems on)• Afternoon HVAC & PV on• Evening HVAC on, PV off
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Itron Interval Data 3/1 - 4/15
From the largest power user to the largest power producer => We are a self study in distributed electrical generation
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Energy Intelligence => Ei=cm3
• Ei=cm3
• Energy Intelligence from computational:
– Monitoring
– Modeling
– Management
• Smart energy systems that integrate:– Clean generation, smart distribution, and
efficient end-use (ecomagination principles)
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Monitor
• Gather– Utility meter and bills– PV and cogen inverter output– Submetering of buildings
• Organize– Data by month, day, and hour
• Inspect– Missing or anomalous data
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Model
• When, where, and how is energy used?
• Benchmarking / comparative analysis– How do our buildings perform compared to
other public buildings, similar size and use?
• Time-of-Use (ToU)– Baseline (baseload) energy– Energy Pulse (Pattern of ToU)– Peak energy demand
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Manage
• How can energy be used better?– Energy Management Systems (EMS) working?– Building Automation Controls (BAC) working?
• Have buildings been commissioned?– Monitoring based commissioning (MBCx)
• What efficiency projects could be done?
• Can ToU be managed to generation?– Alter the aggregate campus energy pulse
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Program Analysis Sustainable Design Dept. Blocks/Bldg. Space Planning Site Analysis/Planning Image StudyPSEC Energy Analysis
Energy Cost Savings: 30.34 %
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Active Learning PSEC
Winter 2013 planned occupancy
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Smart Home Metering
Allegro.com
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Building Science and Performance Engineering
Energy Efficiency
Building EMSOnsite Generation
RemediationPlug Loads
Analysis, BPI Benchmarking
Solar PVCogen
Fuel cell
AMI/DRHAN/HENBEMS/IT
Is this an industry, a building strategy, a set of SI competencies, or an ES-CO professional?
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Summary
• Foothill College’s energy system– PV, cogen, utility power feed
• Distributed Generation (DG)
• Intelligent Grid (IG)
• New Electricity Model
• Energy pulse of a building
• Energy Intelligence => Ei=cm3
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Zimride Ridesharing
• Facebook trust platform
• Locate drivers/riders near you
• Keep track of rides, trip (VMT) and GHG reduction
• Ridesharing networks
• Ridesharing culture
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Ridesharing Culture
Social engineering for a world with fewer cars, less petroleum, and a genuine desire to collaborate
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Social Transportation Networks => Tools
Flows of vehicles that have positions and paths
Flows of people that have schedules and destinations
V (P,P) <= Social Transportation Tools => P (S,D)
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Ridesharing CorridorsSan Francisco
San Jose
De Anza
Foothill
Skyline Daly City
Palo Alto
Cupertino