FOOD FOR EDUCATION, FOOD FOR EDUCATION, SCHOOL REFORM AND SCHOOL REFORM AND FOOD SECURITY:FOOD SECURITY:
Coming Attractions: Four Main Coming Attractions: Four Main IdeasIdeas• The universalization of primary school is a The universalization of primary school is a
prerequisite for food securityprerequisite for food security• Food for education boosts primary school Food for education boosts primary school
participation and, hence, food securityparticipation and, hence, food security• The effects of primary school education on food The effects of primary school education on food
security are greatest wherever “quality standards” security are greatest wherever “quality standards” are met; however, important effects are present are met; however, important effects are present even when educational quality is modesteven when educational quality is modest
• Efforts to improve primary education participation Efforts to improve primary education participation (demand) and efforts to improve primary education (demand) and efforts to improve primary education quality (supply) are highly interrelated and quality (supply) are highly interrelated and mutually reinforcing; both can be influenced by FFEmutually reinforcing; both can be influenced by FFE
A Cycle of Mutual A Cycle of Mutual ReinforcementReinforcement
Fo o d S e cu rity
S ch o o lQ u a lity
S ch o o lC o v e ra g e
Fo o d f o rEdu ca t io n
SCHOOLING
Attitudes &Knowledge Related
to ConsumptionChoices
***Includes FactorsRelated to Diet, Nutrition, Value,
Calculation ofPurchase Cost/
Unit
AccessAccess== Individuals have cash or in-kind Individuals have cash or in-kind resources to obtain enough food to meet resources to obtain enough food to meet dietary and nutritional requirementsdietary and nutritional requirements
SCHOOLING
AccessAccess== Individuals have cash or in-kind Individuals have cash or in-kind resources to obtain enough food to meet resources to obtain enough food to meet dietary and nutritional requirementsdietary and nutritional requirements
Knowledge,Skills & Attitudes
Favorable to Wage Sector Employment
& Enhanced LivelihoodThrough
Informal Sector Channels
***$ to buy food
SCHOOLING
AccessAccess== Individuals have cash or in-kind Individuals have cash or in-kind resources to obtain enough food to meet resources to obtain enough food to meet dietary and nutritional requirementsdietary and nutritional requirements
Attitudes Favorable to Child
Spacing***
Includes LinkageBetween Family’s Decision to Have
Children & Ability toProvide for Them
SCHOOLING
AccessAccess== Individuals have cash or in-kind Individuals have cash or in-kind resources to obtain enough food to meet resources to obtain enough food to meet dietary and nutritional requirementsdietary and nutritional requirements
Attitudes &Knowledge Conducive
toBreast Feeding
&Growth
Monitoring
Schooling Influences Food Schooling Influences Food AvailabilityAvailability
Attitudes &Skills Related to
Food Production
SCHOOLINGPartnering/
Cooperating withOthers to Increase
Food Production
Schooling Influences Schooling Influences UtilizationUtilization (making proper biological use of food)(making proper biological use of food)
Health CareFacility Use
Proper Use of Water
Proper BreastFeeding Practice
Community
Action for Health
& SanitationProper Food Handling & Preparation
Treatment
of Parasitic
Disease
Proper SanitationPractices
Proper Child Care
Food for Education Influences Food for Education Influences Schooling SUPPLY and Schooling SUPPLY and
DEMANDDEMAND
D e m a n d S ideFa cto rs
S u pply S ideFa cto rs
S ch o o lC o v e ra g e
Fo o d fo rEdu ca t io n
Fo o d S e cu rity
Persistent Education SUPPLY Persistent Education SUPPLY ChallengesChallenges• Rationing of places due to low school plant
absorptive capacity• Irrelevant or inappropriate curriculum• Tuition or fees charged• High teacher absenteeism• Insufficient attention to meeting the special
needs of girls or other special needs groups needs groups• Schools are too far from children’s homesSchools are too far from children’s homes• School calendar or schedule is inappropriate to
local production or cultural norms• Minimal linkages between school and community
Food for Education Can Boost Food for Education Can Boost SupplySupply
Use food to help community improve facilities
Use food to help community build closer facilities
Use food to improve teacher attendance
Use food to pay teachers toattend training
Use food to promotecommunityinvolvement
Use food to help payteacher aides
Use food to offset opportunity costs ofschool attendance
Use food to build girl-friendly infrastructure
Persistent Education DEMAND Persistent Education DEMAND ChallengesChallenges
• Costs of school attendance are too high• Too little learning takes place• Students are likely to fail• Schooling is culturally inappropriate• Nothing “useful” is taught in school• School facility does not meet girls’ needs
Parents or children feel that…
Food for Education Can Boost Food for Education Can Boost DEMANDDEMAND
Use food to help offset costs of school
attendance
Use food to build links between school and home
Use food to create opportunities for
parental involvement
Use food as aresource to enhance classroom learning
Use food to improvechildren’s active
learning capacity (ALC)
10 Education Reform Building 10 Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
Learner Quality
Pedagogy
CommunityInvolvement
Finances
Time
Curricu lum
Sectoral L inks
Teacher
Management
Place
Food for Education and the 10 Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#1:#1: ChangeChange
• Provide school lunches or snacks to alleviate short-term Provide school lunches or snacks to alleviate short-term
hungerhunger
• Provide snacks that address micronutrient deficiencies Provide snacks that address micronutrient deficiencies
associated with cognitive functionassociated with cognitive function
Learner Quality
Food for Education and the Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building 10 Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#2:#2: Change Change
• Improve water and sanitation with food aid incentivesImprove water and sanitation with food aid incentives
• Build facilities closer to studentsBuild facilities closer to students with food aid incentiveswith food aid incentives
Place
Food for Education and the 10 Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#3:#3: Change Change
• Lengthen the school day and provide snacks to maintain Lengthen the school day and provide snacks to maintain
attentionattention
• Lengthen the school year and provide food to offset Lengthen the school year and provide food to offset
opportunity costs of attendance, especially for girlsopportunity costs of attendance, especially for girls
Time
Food for Education and the 10 Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#4:#4: ChangeChange
• Offer food incentives for community members to provide teacher Offer food incentives for community members to provide teacher
housing housing
• Provide food to supplement teacher salaries or as a bonus for high Provide food to supplement teacher salaries or as a bonus for high
performanceperformance
• Provide food to parent aidesProvide food to parent aides
Teacher
Food for Education and the 10 Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#5:#5: ChangeChange
• Involve community members in the organization and Involve community members in the organization and
management of school lunch or snack programsmanagement of school lunch or snack programs
• Use community involvement in school feeding as an entry Use community involvement in school feeding as an entry
point for building a richer set of school-community linkspoint for building a richer set of school-community links
CommunityInvolvement
Food for Education and the 10 Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#6:#6: Change Change
• Use food aid to help pay for training teachers to work with the new curriculumUse food aid to help pay for training teachers to work with the new curriculum
• Use food preparation as an opportunity to develop skills in food handling, storage, Use food preparation as an opportunity to develop skills in food handling, storage, nutrition, sanitation and consumption choicesnutrition, sanitation and consumption choices
Curriculum
Food for Education and the 10 Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#7:#7: Change Change
• Introduce snacks to reduce short-term cognitive deficits that Introduce snacks to reduce short-term cognitive deficits that
will impede satisfactory progress with a more challenging will impede satisfactory progress with a more challenging
curriculumcurriculum
• Integrate food preparation activities with other elements of the Integrate food preparation activities with other elements of the
curriculum including math, science, social studies and artcurriculum including math, science, social studies and art
Pedagogy
Food for Education and the 10 Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#8:#8: Change Change
• Use school feeding program to build awareness of what goes Use school feeding program to build awareness of what goes
on at schoolon at school
• Use school feeding program to create PTAs that eventually Use school feeding program to create PTAs that eventually
have the capacity to insist on accountability for resultshave the capacity to insist on accountability for results
Management
Food for Education and the 10 Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#9:#9: Change Change
• Montetize a portion of donated commoditiesMontetize a portion of donated commodities
• Use proceeds to invest in qualityUse proceeds to invest in quality
Finances
Food for Education and the 10 Food for Education and the 10 Education Reform Building Education Reform Building BlocksBlocks
#10: #10: Create Create
• Contract with local food producers to stimulate demand for locally Contract with local food producers to stimulate demand for locally
grown fruits and vegetablesgrown fruits and vegetables
• Make connections to health sector through deworming and Make connections to health sector through deworming and
vitamin A supplementationvitamin A supplementation
• Work with agricultural extensionists to develop school gardensWork with agricultural extensionists to develop school gardens
Sectoral Links
Contextualizing: 4 Contextualizing: 4 ScenariosScenarios
C A S E # 2CA S E # 1
CA S E # 3 CA S E # 4
D e m a n d Q u al i ty
L O W
H IG H
L O W
H IG H
D e m a n d Q u a l i ty
L O WH IG H
H IG H L O W
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stu d en ts an d toim p ro ve
ch ild ren 's a ctiv elearn in g cap a city
U se fo o d to a ttra ctou t-o f-sch o o l
ch ild ren an d toreta in th o se in
sch o o l
C on sid er sca lin gb ack or p h a sin g
ou t o f feed in gactiv ity
U se foo d toim p ro v e activ e
learn in g cap a city ,com m u n ity
in v o lv em en t a n dteach er sk ills