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Transcription & Translation Flipbook.
Meghen Young
Transcription
• RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it.
• RNA polymerase to promoter region of DNA.
• RNA hits stop codon and releases mRNA.
• mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.
Cell
Nucleus
Nucleus
DNA
RNA polymerase
= Adenine = Thymine = Cytosine = Guanine
RNA polymerase
Start Codon
t
A
Promoter Region
C
G
Coding Region
RNA polymerase
RNAP reads DNA and creates mRNA
Coding Region
A
U
RNA polymerase
Coding Region
A
U
RNA polymerase
C
G
RNA polymerase
Coding Region
A
U
RNA polymerase
C
G
RNA polymerase
T
A
RNA polymerase
Coding Region
A
U
RNA polymerase
C
G
RNA polymerase
T
A
RNA polymerase
G
C
RNA polymerase
Coding Region
A
U
RNA polymerase
C
G
RNA polymerase
T
A
RNA polymerase
G
C
RNA polymerase
A
U
RNA polymerase
Coding Region
A
U
RNA polymerase
C
G
RNA polymerase
T
A
RNA polymerase
G
C
RNA polymerase
A
U
RNA polymerase
C
RNA polymerase
G
Coding Region
A
U
RNA polymerase
C
G
RNA polymerase
T
A
RNA polymerase
G
C
RNA polymerase
A
U
RNA polymerase
C
RNA polymerase
G
T
RNA polymerase
A
mRNA strand
Starting Codon
Terminating Codon
The mRNA is complete
DNA
Nuclear Pore
mRNA moves through nuclear pore
Translation
• rRNA forms ribosomes• mRNA binds to ribosome and is all read.• Amino Acids attached to tRNA bind with
peptide bonds.• Ribosomes hit stop codon and then completes
the protein.
RNARibosomes
Inside the cytoplasm
A U G
U
A C
RibosometRNA anti-codon
(MET) Amino Acid
C A G U C A U G C C A UU G
mRNA strand bases
A U C
A U G
U
A C
RibosometRNA anti-codon
(MET)
Amino Acid
C A G U C A U G C C A UU G
mRNA strand bases
G
(VAL)
U C
A U C
A U G
U
A C
RibosometRNA anti-codon
(MET)
Amino Acid
C A G U C A U G C C A UU G
mRNA strand bases
G
(VAL)
U C
(SER)
A G U
A U C
A U G
U
A C
RibosometRNA anti-codon
(MET)
Amino Acid
C A G U C A U GC C A UU G
mRNA strand bases
G
(VAL)
U C
(SER)
A G U
(THR)
A C G
A U C
A U G
U
A C
RibosometRNA anti-codon
(MET)
Amino Acid
C A G U C A U GC C A UU G
mRNA strand bases
G
(VAL)
U C
(SER)
A G U
(THR)
A C G
(VAL)
G U A
A U C
A U G
U
A C
RibosometRNA anti-codon
(MET)
Amino Acid
C A G U C A U GC C A UU G
mRNA strand bases
G
(VAL)
U C
(SER)
A G U
(THR)
A C G
(VAL)
G U A
(THR)
A U C
STOP
U A G
Completed Protein
Peptide Bond
Amino Acids
Summary
• Transcription:• First, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it. Then,
RNA polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA. After that, RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. Then, RNA polymerase hits a stop codon and realeases mRNA. Last, mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters cytoplasm.
• Translation:• First, rRNA forms ribosomes. Then, mRNA binds to ribosomes
and is read. After, tRNA proof reads mRNA and transfers amino acids. Then, amino acids attached to the tRNA and bind with the peptide bond. Last, ribosomes hits stop codon and completes the protein.