Download - Fisiologi Cairan Tubuh 2013
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CAIRAN TUBUH
DR. Dr. ENDANG SAWITRI, M.KES
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN
SAMARINDA 2013
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• Seluruh cairan tubuh didistribusikan di antara dua kompartemen utama, yaitu : 1. Cairan intraselular
(CIS) 2. Cairan ekstraselular (CES)
KOMPARTEMEN CAIRAN
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Distribution of body water The extracellular space includes the vascular compartment and the interstitial spaces
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BODY FLUID VOLUME
Body fluid60% water
Intracelluler2/3(40%)
(28 lt in 70 kg young adult)
Plasma5% (3.5 lt in
70 kg young adult)
Transcelluler1-3%
(Cerebrospinal)(aqueous humor)
Interstitial15% (10.5 lt in 70 kg
young adult)
extracelluler1/3(20%)
(14 lt in 70 kg young adult)
Body fluidwater 60%
Intracelluler2/3 (40%)
(28 l in 70 kg young adult)
Plasma5% (3.5 l in
70 kg young adult)
Transcelluler1-3%
(Cerebrospinal)(aqueous humor)
Interstitial15% (10.5 l in 70 kg
young adult)
extracelluler1/3 (20%)
(14 l in 70 kg young adult)
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Approximate sizes of body compartments in a 70-kg adult
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KOMPOSISI CAIRAN TUBUH
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• Semua cairan tubuh adalah air larutan pelarut dan substansi terlarut (zat terlarut):1. Air adalah senyawa utama dari tubuh manusia. Rata-rata pria Dewasa hampir 60% dari BBnya adalah air dan rata-rata
wanita mengandung 55% air dari BBnya.
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2. Selain air, cairan tubuh mengandung dua jenis substansi terlarut (zat terlarut = SOLUT): elektrolit dan non-elektrolit.(a) Elektrolit : Substansi yg berdisosiasi (terpisah) di dalam larutan dan akan menghantarkan arus listrik.
Kation : ion-ion bermuatan positif Anion : ion-ion bermuatan negatif
(b) Non-elektrolit : Substansi seperti glokusa dan urea yang tidak
berdisosiasi dalam larutan. Non-elektrolit lainnya yang secara klinis penting mencakup kreatinin dan bilirubin.
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The ECF (including blood plasma and interstitial fluids) contains:
• contains large amounts of sodium and chloride
• moderate amounts of bicarbonate
• small quantities of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus.
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The ICF contains :
• almost no calcium;
• small amounts of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphorus
• moderate amounts of magnesium
• large amounts of potassium
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Komposisi Cairan Tubuh
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• FUNGSI ??
• INTAKE DAN OUTPUT RATA-RATA HARIAN ??
• FAKTOR – FAKTOR YG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME / KEBUTUHAN CAIRAN ??
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Sistem Transport Cairan Ekstrselular -Sistem Sirkulasi
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• Cairan Ekstrselular diangkut dlm 2 tahap:– Sirkulasi Darah– Pergerakan cairan antara kapiler darah & sel
• Darah lewat kapiler pertkran CES berlangsung terus-menerus, jg antara plasma (bgan dr darah) dg cairan interstisial yg mengisi ruangan antar sel
• Kapiler berpori-pori shg sjmlh cairan & bhn2 yg terlrt didlmnya dpt berdifusi bolak-balik antara darah, ruangan jar & sel.
• CES di seluruh tbh scr terus-menerus bercmpr pertahankan homogenitas menyeluruh dlm tbh.
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The transfer of water between thevascular and interstitial compartments occurs at the capillary level.
Four forces control the movement ofwater between the capillary and interstitial spaces :
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1. the capillary filtration pressure, which pushes water out of the capillary into the interstitial spaces;
2. the capillary colloidal osmotic pressure, which pulls water back into the capillary;
3. the interstitial hydrostatic pressure, which opposes the movement of water out of the capillary;
4. the tissue colloidal osmotic pressure, which pulls water out of the capillary into the interstitial spaces.
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• Molaritas/osmolaritas– Volume mol solut per liter larutan/1 liter
pelarut• Molalitas/osmolalitas
– Konsentrasi solut per kilogram larutan/1 kilogram pelarut
• Tonisitas– Osmolalitas plasma efektif– Kemampuan solut menghasilkan tekanan
osmotik yang menyebabkan perpindahan air
– Menentukan status hidrasi dan volume sel
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OSMOSIS
Gerakan air melewati membran semipermeabel dari area dengan konsentrasi zat terlarut ke area dengan konsentrasi zat terlarut Kecepatan osmosis dipengaruhi oleh:
Konsentrasi solut di dalam larutan Suhu larutan Muatan listrik solut Perbedaan antara tekanan osmosis yang
dikeluarkan oleh larutan Tekanan yg dibutuhkan utk mencegah osmosis : TEKANAN OSMOTIK
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Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
• Water moves from the side that has fewer nondiffusible particles to the side that has more. The osmotic pressure is equal to the hydrostatic pressure needed to oppose water movement across the membrane.
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• Konsentrasi osmotik CES :
- meningkat cairan hipertonik
air akan berpindah dari CIS ke CES keseimbangan osmotik terjaga
- menurun cairan hipotonik air berpindah dari CES ke CIS
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1.Isotonik : suatu larutan yang osmolaritasnya sama dengan plasma darah. Pemberian larutan isonik melalui IV akan mencegah perpindahan cairan dan elektrolit dari kompartemen intrasel.
2.Hipotonik : suatu larutan yang memiliki konsentrasi solut lebih rendah dari plasma, sehingga akan membuat air berpindah ke dalam sel.
3.Hipertonik : suatu larutan yang memiliki konsentrasi solut lebih lebih besar dari plasma, sehingga akan membuat air keluar dari dalam sel.
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