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Abstract:GPS (Global Positioning System) is increasingly being used for a wide range of
applications. It provides reliablepositioning, navigation, and timing services to worldwide
users on a continuous basis in all weather, day and night,anywhere on or near the Earth.
GPS is made up of three segments: Space, Control and User.
GPS has become awidely used aid to navigation worldwide, and a useful tool for map-
making, land surveying, commerce, scientificuses, tracking and surveillance, and hobbies
such as geocaching and way marking. None of the present GPS systemssatisfy the
requirements for the safety of civilian navigation in the sea as the maritime boundary of a
country cannotbe marked.
This project deals on the versatility and the usefulness of a GPS device in the sea. The
main objective of the paper isto help the fishermen not to navigate beyond other countrys
border. If a fisherman navigates beyond the countrysborder, an alarm is generated
indicating that the fisherman has crossed the border. Additionally, a GSM
transmitterinterface will send a message to base station located on the shore indicating
that a vessel has crossed the border.
Thus guards in the shore can assist and provide additional help to those fishermen if
needed.Keeping in mind about lives of Indian fishermen, this device has been created to
help them not to move beyondIndia. On the whole, it is an attempt to build a suitable
device for the fishermen at a reasonably low cost.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
GPS based border alert system aims in keeping an end for the killings of the
fishermen were seen quite common in the boundary coastal areas which has become quite
common these days. The reason for this is they were crossing the territory or boundary.
This happening due to lack of awareness where their boundary is located and the cost of
this mistake is their life. And we cannot provide any sign board in the mid of the sea to
solve this problem. The only solution which we provide for this problem is enabling the
boats with a GPS device.
GPS based border alert system gives a best solution for this problem, whenever
the fisherman was about to reach the boundary he can have a voice based alert in hisnative language itself. So that he can go back from that point onwards.
The GPS is the acronym for Global positioning system. This GPS receiver is
capable of identifying the location in which it was present in the form of latitude and
longitudes. This information is very useful and can be processed for alerting the boat
drivers. The GPS gives the data received from the satellites. For this information the GPS
communicates with at least three satellites in the space.
1.1 Objective
The reason for this is they were crossing the territory or boundary. The incidents of
harassment of Indian fisherman by the Lankan personnel had kept increasing.
In the month of September 2012 there were reports that Sri Lankan navy had
attacked the team of Indian fisherman near kodiakarai coast. Earlier to this month another
28 fisherman from tamilnadu were detained. There have been more than 1752 instancesof Indian fisherman disappearing near palk-straits, the petitioner said that around 500
fisherman have been killed and 3000 of themselves permanently disabled by the act of
Lankan navy
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This happening due to lack of awareness where their boundary is located and the
cost of this mistake is their life. And we cannot provide any sign board in the mid of the
sea to solve this problem. The only solution which we provide for this problem is
enabling the boats with a GPS device.GPS based border alert system gives a best solution
for this problem, whenever the fisherman was about to reach the boundary he can have a
voice based alert in his native language itself. So that he can go back from that point
onwards.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SERVEY
In this modern and fast runningworld everything is going to be digitized to be easily
understandable and also to give exact calculation. Considering this idea we started a
worked named Using GPS GSM Technologies Indication Of Digital Fuel, which shows
the exact amount of fuel remaining in the fuel gauge as compared to the previously used
gauge meter in which a needle moves to give a rough estimate of the fuel left. Most of the
petrol bunks today have manipulated the pumps such that it displays the amount as
entered but the quantity of fuel filled in the customers tank is much lesser than the
displayed value. Therefore the pumps are tampered for the benefit of the petrol bunks
owner. This results in huge profits for the petrol bunks but at the same time the customers
are cheated.
All most all the vehicles consist of analog meters hence it is not possible to precisely
know the amount of fuel currently in the vehicle and also it is not possible to cross check
the quantity of fuel filled in the petrol bunk. In this work we focuses on creating a digital
display of the exact amount of fuel contained in the vehicles tank and also helps in cross
checking the quantity of fuel filled at the petrol bunk. Finally once the fuel is filled at a
bunk the device also sends an SMS to the vehicle owner indicating the amount of fuel
filled in the tank and totalfilled. And also we can find the exact location of the vehicles.
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CHAPTER-3
BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIG 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
Power
Supply
LED Indicator
GPS
MCU
Buzzer
ALCDALCDDriver
GSM
Modem
Motor
Relay
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WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The functioning of the device is achieved by employing a micro controller. The
micro controller forms the controlling unit of the project. The micro controller is
interfaced with a GPS receiver so that it can receive the information about the location in
which the boat is present. The controller compares the location of the boat with the
territory location. Whenever the boat was approaching the boundary it alerts the driver.
To alert the driver it is interfaced with a voice circuitry which designed with a voice
based IC to produce a voice alert to the fisher man. It is also interfaced with few LED
indicators to alert the boat driver.
Here we are using GSM which the owner on the receiver side uses to get the statusof the boat. Whenever the boat crosses a certain limit, the message is sent to the owner
via microcontroller. Knowing this the owner can inform fisherman on the boat to return to
the sea shore.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. Global Positioning System (GPS Receiver).
3. GLCD display with driver.
4. MCU
5. LED indicators.
6. Voice based circuit
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
1. Embedded C
2. Kiel Compiler
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4.2 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
One particularly useful feature of the 8051 core was the inclusion of
a Boolean processing engine which allows bit-level Boolean logic operations to be carried
out directly and efficiently on select internal registers and select RAM locations. This
advantageous feature helped cement the 8051's popularity in industrial control
applications because it reduced code size by as much as 30%. Another valued feature is
the including of four bank selectable working register sets which greatly reduce the
amount of time required to complete an interrupt service routine. With a single instruction
the 8051 can switch register banks as opposed to the time consuming task of transferring
the critical registers to the stack or designated RAM locations. These registers also
allowed the 8051 to quickly perform a context switch which is essential for time sensitive
applications.
Important features
The 8051 architecture provides many functions
(CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, interrupt logic, timer, etc.) in a single package
8-bit ALU, Accumulator and 8-bit Registers; hence it is an 8-bit microcontroller
8-bit data bus It can access 8 bits of data in one operation
16-bit address bus It can access 216 memory locations 64 KB (65536 locations)
each of RAM and ROM
On-chip RAM 128 bytes (data memory)
On-chip ROM 4 Kbyte (program memory)
Four byte bi-directional input/output port
UART (serial port)
Two 16-bit Counter/timers
Two-level interrupt priority
Power saving mode (on some derivatives)
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ARCHITECTURE
FIG 3: ARCHITECTURE OF 8051
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8051 Pin details
FIG 4: PIN DIAGRAM OF 8051
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Interfacing with 8051:
FIG 5: INTERFACIN OF LCD WITH MC
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GPS
DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATI
4.5 RELAY
A relay is an ele
operated switch. Current
through the coil of the relay
a magnetic field which at
lever and changes the
contacts. The coil current ca
or off so relays have two
positions and most have
throw (changeover) switch c
Relays allow one ci
separate from the first. For e
a 230V AC mains circuit. T
two circuits, the link is magn
The coil of a relay
relay, but it can be as much a
Most ICs (chips) cannot prov
small IC current to the lar
current for the popular 555
directly without amplificatio
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trically
lowing
creates
racts a
switch
be on
switch
double
ntacts as shown in the diagram.
rcuit to switch a second circuit which can b
ample a low voltage battery circuit can use a r
ere is no electrical connection inside the rela
etic and mechanical.
asses a relatively large current, typically 30
s 100mA for relays designed to operate from l
ide this current and a transistor is usually used
er value required for the relay coil. The ma
timer IC is 200mA so these devices can supp
.
Circuit symbol for a r
Relay
Relay showing coil and switc
SHERMEN
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e completely
lay to switch
between the
A for a 12V
wer voltages.
o amplify the
imum output
ly relay coils
lay
h contacts
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Relays are usually SPDT or DPDT but they can have many more sets of switch
contacts, for example relays with 4 sets of changeover contacts are readily available. For
further information about switch contacts and the terms used to describe them please see
the page on switches.
Most relays are designed for PCB mounting but you can solder wires directly to
the pins providing you take care to avoid melting the plastic case of the relay.
The supplier's catalogue should show you the relay's connections. The coil will be
obvious and it may be connected either way round. Relay coils produce brief high voltage
'spikes' when they are switched off and this can destroy transistors and ICs in the circuit.
To prevent damage you must connect aprotection diode across the relay coil.
The animated picture shows a working relay with its coil and switch contacts. You
can see a lever on the left being attracted by magnetism when the coil is switched on. This
lever moves the switch contacts. There is one set of contacts (SPDT) in the foreground
and another behind them, making the relay DPDT.
The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:
COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch.
NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on.
Connect to COM and NO if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay
coil is on.
Connect to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay
coil is off.
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Choosing a relayYou need to consider several features when choosing a relay:
1. Physical size and pin arrangement
If you are choosing a relay for an existing PCB you will need to ensure that its
dimensions and pin arrangement are suitable. You should find this information in the
supplier's catalogue.
2. Coil voltage
The relay's coil voltage rating and resistance must suit the circuit powering the relay
coil. Many relays have a coil rated for a 12V supply but 5V and 24V relays are also
readily available. Some relays operate perfectly well with a supply voltage which is a
little lower than their rated value.
3. Coil resistance
The circuit must be able to supply the current required by the relay coil. You can use
Ohm's law to calculate the current:
Relay coil current =supply voltage
coil resistance
4. For example: A 12V supply relay with a coil resistance of 400 passes a current of
30mA. This is OK for a 555 timer IC (maximum output current 200mA), but it is too
much for most ICs and they will require a transistor to amplify the current.
5. Switch ratings (voltage and current)
The relay's switch contacts must be suitable for the circuit they are to control. You
will need to check the voltage and current ratings. Note that the voltage rating is
usually higher for AC, for example: "5A at 24V DC or 125V AC".
6. Switch contact arrangement (SPDT, DPDT etc)
Most relays are SPDT or DPDT which are often described as "single pole
changeover" (SPCO) or "double pole changeover" (DPCO). For further information
please see the page on switches.
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Protection diodes for relays
Transistors and ICs must be protected from
the brief high voltage produced when a relay
coil is switched off. The diagram shows how
a signal diode (e.g. 1N4148) is connected
'backwards' across the relay coil to provide
this protection.
Current flowing through a relay coil creates
a magnetic field which collapses suddenly when the current is switched off. The sudden
collapse of the magnetic field induces a brief high voltage across the relay coil which is
very likely to damage transistors and ICs. The protection diode allows the induced
voltage to drive a brief current through the coil (and diode) so the magnetic field dies
away quickly rather than instantly. This prevents the induced voltage becoming high
enough to cause damage to transistors and ICs.
Reed relays
Reed relays consist of a coil surrounding a reed switch. Reed
switches are normally operated with a magnet, but in a reed relay
current flows through the coil to create a magnetic field and
close the reed switch. Reed relays generally have higher coil
resistances than standard relays (1000 for example) and a wide
range of supply voltages (9-20V for example). They are capable
of switching much more rapidly than standard relays, up to several hundred times per
second; but they can only switch low currents (500mA maximum for example).
The reed relay shown in the photograph will plug into a standard 14-pin DIL socket ('IC
holder'). For further information about reed switches please see the page on switches.
Reed Relay
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Relays and transistors compared
Like relays, transistors can be used as an electrically operated switch. For switching small
DC currents (< 1A) at low voltage they are usually a better choice than a relay. However,
transistors cannot switch AC (such as mains electricity) and in simple circuits they are not
usually a good choice for switching large currents (> 5A). In these cases a relay will be
needed, but note that a low power transistor may still be needed to switch the current for
the relay's coil! The main advantages and disadvantages of relays are listed below:
RELAY OPERATION
All relays operate using the same basic principle. Our example will use a commonly used
4 -pin relay. Relays have two circuits: A control circuit (shown in GREEN) and a loadcircuit(shown in RED). The control circuit has a small control coil while the load circuit
has aswitch. The coil controls the operation of the switch.
RELAY ENERGIZED (ON)
Current flowing through the control circuit coil (pins 1 and 3) creates a small magnetic field
which causes the switch to close, pins 2 and 4. The switch, which is part of the load circuit,
is used to control an electrical circuit that may connect to it. Current now flows through pins
2 and 4 shown in RED, when the relay in energized.
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RELAY DE-ENERGIZED (OFF)
When current stops flowing through the control circuit, pins 1 and 3, the relay becomes de-
energized. Without the magnetic field, the switch opens and current is prevented from
Flowing through pins 2 and 4. The relay is now OFF.
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RELAY OPERATION
When no voltage is applied to pin 1, there is no current flow through the coil. No current
means no magnetic field is developed, and the switch is open. When voltage is supplied to
pin 1, current flow though the coil creates the magnetic field needed to close the switch
allowing continuity between pins 2 and 4
RELAY DESIGN ID
Relays are either Normally Open or Normally Closed. Notice the position of the switches in
the two relays shown below. Normally open relays have a switch that remains open until
energized (ON) while normally closed relays are closed until energized. Relays are always
shown in the de-energized position (no current flowing through the control circuit - OFF).
Normally open relays are the most common in vehicles; however either can be use in
automotive applications.
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GPS
DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATI
Advantages of relay:
Relays can switch A
Relays can switch hi
Relays are often a be
Relays can switch m
Disadvantages of relays:
Relays are bulkier th
Relays cannot switc
times per second.
Relays use more po
Relays require more
transistor may be nee
MAX232..
MAX232 chip
ASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR F
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and DC, transistors can only switch DC.
her voltages than standard transistors.
ter choice for switching large currents (> 5A).
ny contacts at once.
an transistors for switching small currents.
rapidly (except reed relays), transistors can s
er due to the current flowing through their coil.
current than many ICs can provide, so a low
ded to switch the current for the relay's coil.
SHERMEN
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itch many
.
power
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The MAX232 is anintegrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to
signals suitable for use inTTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual
driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.
The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V
supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it useful for
implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0 V
to + 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to be made more complicated just
for driving the RS-232 in this case.
The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as 25 V), to standard 5 V
TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, and a typicalhysteresis of
0.5 V.
The later MAX232A is backwards compatible with the original MAX232 but may
operate at higher baud rates and can use smaller external capacitors 0.1 F in place of
the 1.0 F capacitors used with the original device.
The newer MAX3232 is also backwards compatible, but operates at a broader voltage
range, from 3 to 5.5 V.
Pin to pin compatible: ICL232, ST232, ADM232, and HIN232.
Voltage levels
It is helpful to understand what occurs to the voltage levels. When a MAX232 IC receives
a TTL level to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to between +3 and +15 V, and changes
TTL Logic 1 to between -3 to -15 V, and vice versa for converting from RS232 to TTL.
This can be confusing when you realize that the RS232 Data Transmission voltages at a
certain logic state are opposite from the RS232 Control Line voltages at the same logic
state. To clarify the matter, see the table below. For more information see RS-232
Voltage Levels.
RS232 Line Type & Logic LevelRS232
Voltage
TTL Voltage to/from
MAX232
Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 0 +3 V to +15 V 0 V
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Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 1-3 V to -15 V 5 V
Control Signals (RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR)
Logic
0
-3 V to -15 V 5 V
Control Signals (RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR)
Logic
1
+3 V to +15 V 0 V
FIG 6: (a) INSIDE MAX232
(b)ITS CONNECTION WITH 8051
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GSM
GSM (Global System for Mobile) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) TTL Modem
is SIM900 Quad-band GSM / GPRS device, works on frequencies 850 MHZ, 900 MHZ,
1800MHZ and 1900 MHZ. It is very compact in size and easy to use as plug in GSM
Modem.
TheModem is designed with 3V3 and 5V DC TTL interfacing circuitry, which allows
User to directlyinterface with 5V Microcontrollers (PIC, AVR, Arduino, 8051, etc.) aswell as 3V3Microcontrollers (ARM, ARM Cortex XX, etc.). The baud rate can be
configurable from 9600-115200 bps through AT (Attention) commands. This
GSM/GPRS TTL Modem has internalTCP/IP stack to enable User to connect with
internet through GPRS feature. It is suitable for SMSas well as DATA transfer
application in mobile phone to mobile phone interface.
MAX232 converts from RS232 voltage levels to
TTL voltage levels uses a +5 V power source MAX232 has two sets of line drivers for
transferring and receiving data line drivers used for TxD are called T1
and T2 line drivers for RxD are designated as R1
RxD and TxD pins in the 8051 8051 has two pins used for
transferring and receiving data
serially
TxD and RxD are part of the port
3 group
pin 11 (P3.1) is assigned to TxD
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The modem can be interfaced with a Microcontroller using USART (Universal
Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) feature (serial communication).
Features:
Quad Band GSM/GPRS : 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz
Built in RS232 to TTL or viceversa Logic Converter (MAX232)
Configurable Baud Rate
SMA (SubMiniature version A) connector with GSM L Type Antenna
Built in SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) Card holder
Built in Network Status LED
Inbuilt Powerful TCP / IP (Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) stack for
Internet data transfer through GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
Audio Interface Connectors (Audio in and Audio out)
Most Status and Controlling pins are available
Normal Operation Temperature : -20 C to +55 C
Input Voltage : 5V to 12V DC
LDB9 connector (Serial Port) provided for easy interfacing
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SIMCom SIM900A GSM Module:
This is actual SIM900 GSM module which is manufactured by SIMCom.
Designed for global market, SIM900 is a quad-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on
frequencies GSM 850MHz, EGSM 900MHz, DCS 1800MHz and PCS
1900MHz.SIM900 features GPRS multislot class 10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the
GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4. With a tiny configuration of 24mm x
24mm x 3mm, SIM900 can meet almost all the space
MAX232 IC:
The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial
port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits, so that
devices works
on TTL logic can share the data with devices connected through Serial port (DB9
Connector).
Serial port / DB9 connector:
User just needs to attach RS232 cable here so that it can be connected to devices which
has Serial port / DB9 Connector.
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Power Supply Socket:
This power supply socket which actually named as AC/DC Socket provides the
Functionality to user to connect external power supply from Transformer, Battery or
Adapter through DC jack. User can provide maximum of 12V AC/DC power supply
through AC/DC socket. This is power supply designed into maximum protection
consideration so that it can even prevent reverse polarity DC power supply as well as DC
conversion from AC power Supply. Italso includes LM317 Voltage Regulator which
provides an output voltage adjustable over a1.2Vto 37V.
Power On/Off and GSM On Switch:
Power On/Off switch is type of push-on push-off DPDT switch which is used for
onlyMake power supply on/off provided through AC/DC Socket indicated by Power
LED. GSM on Switch is type of Push on DPST tactile switch which is used for only to
make GSM module On indicated by Module On/Off LED while initiating with
Network indicated by Network Indication LED.
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The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around
the world. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to
anyone with a GPS receiver.
The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous
navigation systems,[1] integrating ideas from several predecessors, including a number of
classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS was created and realized by the
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became
fully operational in 1994. Roger L. Easton is generally credited as its inventor.
Advances in technology and new demands on the existing system have now led to
efforts to modernize the GPS system and implement the next generation of GPS III
satellites and Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX).[2] Announcements
from the Vice President and the White House in 1998 initiated these changes. In 2000,
U.S. Congress authorized the modernization effort, GPS III.
In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The Russian
Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was developed contemporaneously with
GPS, but suffered from incomplete coverage of the globe until the mid-2000s. There are
also the planned European Union Galileo positioning system, Chinese Compass
navigation system, and Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System.
BASIC CONCEPT OF GPS
A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the signals sent by
GPS satellites high above the Earth. Each satellite continually transmits messages that
includethe time the message was transmittedsatellite position at time of message
transmission. The receiver uses the messages it receives to determine the transit time of
each message and computes the distance to each satellite using the speed of light. Each of
these distances and satellites' locations define a sphere.
The receiver is on the surface of each of these spheres when the distances and the
satellites' locations are correct. These distances and satellites' locations are used to
compute the location of the receiver using the navigation equations. This location is then
displayed, perhaps with a moving map display or latitude and longitude; elevation
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information may be included. Many GPS units show derived information such as
direction and speed, calculated from position changes.
In typical GPS operation, four or more satellites must be visible to obtain an accurate
result. Four sphere surfaces typically do not intersect. [a] Because of this, it can be said
with confidence that when the navigation equations are solved to find an intersection, this
solution gives the position of the receiver along with the difference between the time kept
by the receiver's on-board clock and the true time-of-day, thereby eliminating the need for
a very large, expensive, and power hungry clock. The very accurately computed time is
used only for display or not at all in many GPS applications, which use only the location.
A number of applications for GPS do make use of this cheap and highly accurate timing.
These include time transfer, traffic signal timing, andsynchronization of cell phone base
stations.
Although four satellites are required for normal operation, fewer apply in special cases. If
one variable is already known, a receiver can determine its position using only three
satellites. For example, a ship or aircraft may have known elevation. Some GPS receivers
may use additional clues or assumptions such as reusing the last known altitude, dead
reckoning, inertial navigation, or including information from the vehicle computer, to
give a (possibly degraded) position when fewer than four satellites are visible.
The current GPS consists of three major segments. These are the space segment (SS), a
control segment (CS), and a user segment (US).[45] The U.S. Air Force develops,
maintains, and operates the space and control segments. GPS satellites broadcast
signals from space, and each GPS receiver uses these signals to calculate its three-
dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and the current time.
Applications:
While originally a military project, GPS is considered a dual-use technology, meaning it
has significant military and civilian applications.
GPS has become a widely deployed and useful tool for commerce, scientific uses,
tracking, and surveillance. GPS's accurate time facilitates everyday activities such as
banking, mobile phone operations, and even the control of power grids by allowing well
synchronized hand-off switching.
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A basic model of electric b
resistors, a capacitor and 55
multi-vibrator functions. It w
As what its name suggests, e
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ON TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
BUZZER:
zzer usually consists of simple circuit compo
timers IC or an integrated circuit with a rang
orks the same manner as an electric bell but wi
lectro-mechanical buzzer produces sound electr
SHERMEN
Page 30
ents such as
of timer and
hout the bell.
nically.
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The signal or siren is not a speaker. Alternatively, what produces the sound is the air
moving through the holes.
FIG 7: CIRCIUT DIAGRAM OF BUZZER
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CHAPTER 5:
SOFTWARE
5.1 Introduction
The C programming language is perhaps the most popular programming language for
programming embedded systems. (Earlier Embedded Systems/Embedded Systems
Introduction Which Programming Languages Will This Book Use? we mentioned other
popular programming languages).
Most C programmers are spoiled because they program in environments where not only is
there a standard library implementation, but there are frequently a number of other
libraries available for use. The cold fact is, that in embedded systems, there rarely are
many of the libraries that programmers have grown used to, but occasionally an
embedded system might not have a complete standard library, if there is a standard library
at all. Few embedded systems have capability for dynamic linking, so if standard library
functions are to be available at all, they often need to be directly linked into the
executable. Oftentimes, because of space concerns, it is not possible to link in an entire
library file, and programmers are often forced to "brew their own" standard c library
implementations if they want to use them at all. While some libraries are bulky and not
well suited for use on microcontrollers, many development systems still include the
standard libraries which are the most common for C programmers.
C remains a very popular language for micro-controller developers due to the code
efficiency and reduced overhead and development time. C offers low-level control and is
considered more readable than assembly. Many free C compilers are available for a wide
variety of development platforms. The compilers are part of an IDEs with ICD support,
breakpoints, single-stepping and an assembly window. The performance of C compilers
has improved considerably in recent years, and they are claimed to be more or less as
good as assembly, depending on who you ask. Most tools now offer options for
customizing the compiler optimization. Additionally, using C increases portability, since
C code can be compiled for different types of processors.
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. Embedded C
An embedded system is an application that contains at least one programmable
computer (typically in the form of a microcontroller, a microprocessor or digital signal
processor chip) and which is used by individuals who are, in the main, unaware that
the system is computer-based. In embedded C this can be done using specific inbuilt
instructions. Embedded C is Controller or target specific. Embedded C allows direct
communication with memory.
Keil U Vision IDE
Keil Software is used provide you with software development tools for 8051
based microcontrollers. With the Keil tools, you can generate embedded
applications for virtually every 8051 derivative
PROGRAM
/*@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@*/#include"Variable.h"#include
void main(void){staticunsignedchar ucSThreadSState = INIT_LCD;
while(1){
switch(ucSThreadSState) {case INIT_LCD:
SCONF = 0x02;
SEL_GSM_GPS = 0; MOTAR = 1;
BUZZER = 0; LCD_INIT();
Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Border Alert Ind",LINE1_ADDR, " ForFisher Men ", LINE2_ADDR);
MSDelay(200);ucSThreadSState = SERIEL_INIT;
break;
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case SERIEL_INIT:serial_Init();ucSThreadSState = MODEM_INIT;
break;
case MODEM_INIT:check_Modem();check_SIM_SIMPIN();
Prep_lcd_Write_Data(" Modem Init ",LINE1_ADDR, " PleaseWait ", LINE2_ADDR);
TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGF=1\r\n"); //TextMode enable for the SMS
MSDelay(200);
TxdCommandToModem("AT+CNMI=2,0,0,1,0\r\n");//SMS Alert indication command
MSDelay(200);
//TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGD=1\r\n"); //DeleteINBOX
MSDelay(100);
TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGD=2\r\n"); //DeleteINBOX
MSDelay(100);
TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGD=3\r\n"); //DeleteINBOX
MSDelay(100);
TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGD=1\r\n"); //DeleteINBOX
MSDelay(100);
TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGD=2\r\n"); //DeleteINBOX
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MSDelay(100);
Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Border Alert Ind",LINE1_ADDR, "For Fisher Men ", LINE2_ADDR); ClearRecdCharArray();
recd_count = 0;ucSMSGPGGA_Flag = 0;
for(i=0; i
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}
void check_Modem(void){unsignedchar count = 0;
gbok_flag = 0;
while(1){
ClearRecdCharArray();recd_count=0;TxdCommandToModem("AT\r\n");
gbok_flag = mystr_recdchar_ncmp("OK",2);// gbok_flag =1;
if(gbok_flag)break;
count++;if(count == 10) {
Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Modem init",LINE1_ADDR, "Fail", LINE2_ADDR); }
}
}
void check_SIM_SIMPIN(void){unsignedchar count = 0;
gbok_flag = 0; ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0;while(1)
{ MSDelay(50);
TxdCommandToModem("AT+CPIN?\r\n");gbok_flag = mystr_recdchar_ncmp("READY",5);
//gbok_flag=1;if(gbok_flag)
break;
ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; count++;
if(count == 10) Prep_lcd_Write_Data("INSERT SIM",LINE1_ADDR, "CARD", LINE2_ADDR);
}}
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//This finction used to send the data or string to seriely till null presencevoid TxdCommandToModem(unsignedchar *s){while(*s!=NULL_00)
{ SBUF = *s;
MSDelay(1); s++;}MSDelay(50);
}
void ClearRecdCharArray(void) //void TxdCommandToModem(unsigned char *s){
unsignedchar loop;
for(loop=0; loop
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{PCON = 0x80;//doubling the baud rateTMOD = 0x20;//timer1 mode2 (autoreload)TH1 = 0xFA; // 9600 BaudrateSCON = 0x50; //serial mode1 8bit dataTR1 = 1;//T1 CONTR0L BIT
TI = 1;RI = 0;ES = 1;PS = 1;EA = 1;
}
void serial(void) interrupt 4{
unsignedchar temp_char;
if(TI) { TI = 0;
}elseif(RI) {
temp_char = SBUF;RI = 0;
//$GPGGA,124138.001,1257.8899,N,07732.0803,E,1,09,0.9,913.8,M,-85.2,M,,0000*7A$0D
if((temp_char>='A'&& temp_char='0'&& temp_char=MAX_RECD_CHAR)
recd_count = 0; }
}}
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void Handle_GPGGA(void){unsignedchar i,n,k = 0;unsignedlongint uliLong = 0;unsignedchar output[6] = "000000";
SEL_GSM_GPS = 1; ////////////
while(1) {
//$GPGGA,124138.001,1257.8899,N,07732.0803,E,1,09,0.9,913.8,M,-85.2,M,,0000*7A$0D
REN = 1;
MSDelay(50);
gubGPGSA = mystr_recdchar_ncmp("GPGSA",5);
if(gubGPGSA){ REN = 0; gubGPGGA = mystr_recdchar_ncmp("GPGGA",5);
if(gubGPGGA) {
memset(ucDisplay1,BLANK_SPACE,MAX_DISP_CHAR);
memset(ucDisplay2,BLANK_SPACE,MAX_DISP_CHAR);
//////////////////////// Latitude ////////////////////
//$GPGGA,124138.001,1257.8899,N,07732.0803,E,1,09,0.9,913.8,M,-85.2,M,,0000*7A$0D
Latitude[0] = recd_char[StringPos+22]; Latitude[1] = recd_char[StringPos+23]; Latitude[2] = recd_char[StringPos+24]; Latitude[3] = recd_char[StringPos+25]; Latitude[4] = NULL_00;
uliLong = atol(&Latitude[0]); uliLong = uliLong * CONVERT_SEC_MILISEC; n=5;while(uliLong)
{k=uliLong%10;uliLong=uliLong/10;output[n--]= k + ASCII_NUM_ZER0;
}
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ucDisplay1[0] = recd_char[StringPos+17]; ucDisplay1[1] = recd_char[StringPos+18];
ucDisplay1[2] = 0x20; ucDisplay1[3] = recd_char[StringPos+19]; ucDisplay1[4] = recd_char[StringPos+20]; ucDisplay1[5] = 0x20;
ucDisplay1[6] = output[0];ucDisplay1[7] = output[1];ucDisplay1[8] = '.';
ucDisplay1[9] = output[2];ucDisplay1[10] = output[3];ucDisplay1[11] = recd_char[StringPos+27];
ucDisplay1[16] = NULL_00;
//////////////////////// Longitude ////////////////////
//$GPGGA,124138.001,1257.8899,N,07732.0803,E,1,09,0.9,913.8,M,-85.2,M,,0000*7A$0D
Langitude[0] = recd_char[StringPos+35]; Langitude[1] = recd_char[StringPos+36]; Langitude[2] = recd_char[StringPos+37]; Langitude[3] = recd_char[StringPos+38]; Langitude[4] = NULL_00; uliLong = atol(&Langitude[0]); uliLong = uliLong * CONVERT_SEC_MILISEC; n=5; memset(output,ASCII_NUM_ZER0,6);while(uliLong)
{k=uliLong%10;
uliLong=uliLong/10;output[n--]= k + ASCII_NUM_ZER0;
}ucDisplay2[0] = recd_char[StringPos+30];ucDisplay2[1] = recd_char[StringPos+31];ucDisplay1[2] = 0x20;ucDisplay2[3] = recd_char[StringPos+32];ucDisplay2[4] = recd_char[StringPos+33];ucDisplay1[5] = 0x20;ucDisplay2[6] = output[0];ucDisplay2[7] = output[1];
ucDisplay2[8] = '.';ucDisplay2[9] = output[2];ucDisplay2[10] = output[3];ucDisplay2[11] = recd_char[StringPos+40]; // E or WucDisplay2[13] = '-';ucDisplay2[14] = recd_char[StringPos+44]; //Number
of cells PresentucDisplay2[15] = recd_char[StringPos+45];if(ucDisplay2[15]==',')
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{ ucDisplay2[15] = ucDisplay2[14]; ucDisplay2[14] = 0x30;}
ucDisplay2[16] = NULL_00;////////////// SMS Format //////////////
memset(ucxSMSLatLongData,0x20,33);
for(i=0; i= '5') && (ucDisplay1[7] >= '3'))
{
BUZZER = 1;MOTAR = 0;Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Border
Crossinng",LINE1_ADDR, "Take back Boat", LINE2_ADDR);if(ucSMSFlag == 1) {
SEL_GSM_GPS = 0; ucSMSFlag = 0;
Sms_CommandToModem("Border Crossed"); Prep_lcd_Write_Data(&ucDisplay1[0],LINE1_ADDR, &ucDisplay2[0],LINE2_ADDR);
} }elseif((ucDisplay1[6]
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REN =0; SEL_GSM_GPS = 1;
ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0;
gubGPGGA = 0; gubGPGSA = 0;
break; }
}//GPGGA}//GPGSA
}}
//Send the SMS w.r.t the MGMT
void Sms_CommandToModem(unsignedchar *s){
Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Sending....SMS ",LINE1_ADDR, "Please Wait ",LINE2_ADDR);
TxdCommandToModem(&ucMGMTNum1[0]); MSDelay(25);
ClearRecdCharArray();recd_count = 0;
while(*s!=NULL_00) //Send the characters from string s till NULL present{ SBUF = *s;
MSDelay(1);
s++;}SBUF = CONTRL_Z;MSDelay(10);s++;SBUF = CARRIAGE_RETURN; //send the carriaghe returnClearRecdCharArray();recd_count = 0;while((!mystr_recdchar_ncmp("OK",2)) &&
(!mystr_recdchar_ncmp("ERROR",5))); //Wait for OK or ERROR after sent SMSif(mystr_recdchar_ncmp("OK",2))
Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Message Sent ",LINE1_ADDR, "Successfully ",LINE2_ADDR);elseif(mystr_recdchar_ncmp("ERROR",5))
Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Message Sending",LINE1_ADDR, "Failed ",LINE2_ADDR); MSDelay(100);
ClearRecdCharArray();recd_count = 0;
}
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FLOW CHART
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CHAPTER 6:
EXPECTED RESULT:
This project enables authority people on the sea shore to stop the boat, sends the
message to the owner and starts the buzzer in the boat whenever he crosses a fixed
latitude and longitude (not to cross location).
CHAPTER 7:
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
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CHAPTER 8:
ADVANTAGES
1. It saves the life of the fisher man who are unaware about the territorial border.
2. It avoids the conflicts between the countries because of crossing the border by the
fisherman.
3. It can also be used for other vehicles for location purpose.
4. It does not require any manual operation.
CHAPTER 9:
APPLICATIONS
1. This project helps to get exact location of the boat and by using Google earth we
Can trace the boat.
2. Using the locations the boat owner can call the fisherman and tell him not to cross
further or return back.
3. This project makes use of a buzzer and it starts the buzzer whenever the limit is
reached.
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CHAPTER 10:
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
It is a useful device for safer navigation, especially for fishermen. Since Sri Lanka and
India have got lots of problems regarding the maritime boundary of the country, this
device is made to identify the maritime boundary and to provide assistance if needed.
The main advantage of this project is compact and low cost. Our project can be extended
to advance future components and PIC microcontroller, so that it can be widened to large
applications with more accurate results.
The design of the device can be made even smaller than proposed by modifying the
design specifications. Efficiency can be improved by implementing more accurate GPS
systems.
This application can be integrated with mobile phones, PDA so as to make it
portable. This helps in extending its scope not only to maritime boundary identification,
but also to other ideas.
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REFERENCES:
WWW.PHILIPS.COM
WWW.KEIL.COM
WWW.MICROCHIP.COM
WWW.ATMEL.COM
WWW.DALLAS.COM
WWW.PYRAMIDSERIES.COM
WWW.2WIRESERIALEEPROM.COM
THE 8051
THE 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER
THE8051