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Fisheries Techniques
Zoo 511
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Today’s outline
• Announcements:– Final Exam next week!
• Format will be one section with timed stations, and one section with a total time limit for multiple questions.
– Final Draft of paper due noon May 14th in Alex’s mailbox at the CFL
• Lecture: Techniques (this is fair game for exam!)
• Jeopardy!
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Two main types of methods:
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
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Passive Gear
Entanglement – gill nets
Considerations: habitat, depth, mesh size, mortality
Standard
Nordi-mesh
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Passive Gear
Entanglement -Longlining
Considerations: Habitat, by-catch, hook size, type of bait, set time, predation, finding the gear
Pelagic
Bottom
Freshwater Equivalent=
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Passive GearEntrapment- trap nets, know the parts!
Wings
Wings
Lead
Pot or Car
Funnel
Considerations: location, mesh size, funnel diameter
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Trap nets, Lots of variety
Pound NetFyke Net
PA style trap Net
Hoop Net - river
River Trap Net
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Block entire stream, catch everything going up or down
Passive Gear – Fish Weirs
Considerations: location, high level of effort, non-target effects
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Passive GearMinnow trap – can mean anything
Glass style
square
B style
Plastic style
Gee style
Considerations: location, mesh size, funnel diameter, trap fullness = more or less caught, predation
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Passive GearAngling – sort of a weird mix between active/passive
Considerations: time and place, what lure, certain types of fish more vulnerable, behavioral effects
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Active gear – Trawling
Considerations: depth, bycatch, habitat destruction
Rockhopper
Tickler chains
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Active gear Drag/Tow – larval fish sampling – Bongo nets, Miller sampler
Reduced Opening
Standing Wave
Considerations: depth, size of larvae, other stuff in water
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Active gear - SeinePurse seine and beach seine
Considerations: how to find fish, preventing escape, bycatch
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Active gear - ElectrofishingStream electrofishing- backpack, tow boat, bank based, electric seine
Considerations: safety – fish and researchers, not effective in all habitats
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Active gear - Boat Electrofishing
Considerations: depth, safety again
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Active gear -Toxicants – rotenone, lampricides
Considerations: Selectivity, ease of application, health concerns
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Active gear -Direct observations (underwater, camera, or viewing windowsConsiderations: behavioral changes
due to your presence, water clarity, can’t measure some things
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Active gear - hydroacousticsConsiderations: expensive, how to
determine species composition, difficult to sample fish near the bottom
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Gear Bias
• Why certain species, sizes, or habitats are caught more or less often than their frequency in the population.
• Every gear has bias!
25 A25 B25 C25 D
A B C D5 6 5 7
A B C D20 4 1 15
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Gear Bias
• Gear can also be biased for size
• You sample and catch only one size of fish: 2 possible reasons.– The population is all one size– Your gear is biased towards one size
• Goal is to get least biased sample possible
• USE MULTIPLE GEARS!