Download - Fish ID Project Drew Carter

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Fish ID Project

Andrew Carter 1st Period

12/12/2011

Saltwater Species

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 1 Common Name: Grey Reef Shark Scientific Name: Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes

Family: Carcharhinidae

Geography / Habitat: Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. shallow water – near reefs and drop-offs Life Strategy: babies internally fertilized, nourished while inside, but left alone once born. social and schooling in daytime; active at night Food / Feed Strategy: small bony reef fishes, squid, octopi, crabs, lobsters, shrimp

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Gray Reef Sharks, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos at MarineBio.org". MarineBio.org.

<http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=93>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 2 Common Name: Bull Shark Scientific Name: Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos




Geography / Habitat: Murky, shallow (< 30 meters) tropical waters worldwide Life Strategy: viviparous, live birth. 8-10 years maturation Food / Feed Strategy: very opportunistic carnivore. eats anything it can catch

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Bull Sharks - Bull Shark Pictures - Bull Shark Facts - National Geographic."

Animals - Animal Pictures - Wild Animal Facts - Nat Geo Wild - National Geographic. Web. <http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/bull-shark/>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 3 Common Name: Blacktip Shark Scientific Name: Carcharhinus limbatus




Geography / Habitat: tropical temperate in- or off-shore, near continental shelves or river mouths. all tropical or subtropical continental waters Life Strategy: viviparous, 1-10 per litter, raised in nursery/pupping grounds Food / Feed Strategy: primarily piscivorous; herring, anchovies, sardines, sea catfish. prone to feeding frenzies

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Fact Sheet - Blacktip Shark." Home :: NOAA Fisheries. Web.

<http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sharks/FS_blacktipshark.htm>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 4 Common Name: Tiger Shark Scientific Name: Galeocerdo cuvier




Geography / Habitat: tropical and sub-tropical seas worldwide, seasonal migration to warmer waters. Life Strategy: ovoviparous, 9 months in female, then fully independent at birth. solitary and nomadic Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous scavenger, turtles, birds, reptiles, mammals, besides fish

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "FLMNH Ichthyology Department: Tiger Shark." Florida Museum of Natural

History. Web. <http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/tigershark/tigershark.htm>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 5 Common Name: Blue Shark Scientific Name: Prionace glauca




Geography / Habitat: tropical and sub-tropical seas worldwide, clear, blue, deep waters Life Strategy: solitary and sluggish. complex migrations. one of the most prolific sharks; up to 135 pups in a litter Food / Feed Strategy: feed mostly on schooling fishes (anchovies, sardines, herrings) but will attack anything

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Blue Shark." The Province of New Brunswick Canada. Web. <http://www.new-

brunswick.net/new-brunswick/sharks/species/blue.html>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 6 Common Name: Whitetip Reef Shark Scientific Name: Triaenodon obesus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: coral reefs in tropical coastal waters, Indian and Pacific Oceans, Life Strategy: enjoys caves, can sit still and pump water over gills. docile. females followed by up to 100 males, raise litter of young Food / Feed Strategy: feed at night, very aggressive. bottom feeder, several bony fishes and some crustaceans, mollusks, etc.

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "White Tip Reef Shark." Angelfire: Welcome to Angelfire. Web.

<http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/haaitje/kindsofsharks/whitetipreefshark.html>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 7 Common Name: Swell Shark Scientific Name: Cephaloscyllium ventriosum

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Scyliorhinidae

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Pacific Ocean, mostly shallow-water, inshore sometimes, rocky, algae-covered kelp beds Life Strategy: anchors egg cases on rocky bottom. little known of parental care. solitary, occasionally small groups. active at night, dormant during daytime Food / Feed Strategy: catches inactive bony fishes at night. eats bony fishes and crustaceans.

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Swell Shark, Cephaloscyllium Ventriosum at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -

Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=383>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 8 Common Name: Chain Catshark Scientific Name: Scyliorhinus retifer

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Scyliorhinidae

Geography / Habitat: western Central Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Carribean. rough, rocky bottom, outer Continental Shelf Life Strategy: Oviparous; no parental care beyond gestation. not very active animals. Food / Feed Strategy: squid, fish, annelids, and crustaceans

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Chain Catsharks, Scyliorhinus Retifer at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine

Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=96>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 9 Common Name: Great Hammerhead Shark Scientific Name: Sphyrna mokarran

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Sphyrnidae

Geography / Habitat: tropical ocean waters worldwide, near shore or open sea Life Strategy: viviparous; 20-30 pups born in summer. solitary hunters, dangerous Food / Feed Strategy: rays, small sharks, and bony fishes

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Great Hammerhead Sharks, Sphyrna Mokarran at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 10 Common Name: Bonnethead Shark Scientific Name: Sphyrna tiburo

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Sphyrnidae

Geography / Habitat: Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, Ecuador, S. California. inshore waters, temperate Life Strategy: migrates south for winter. packs of hundreds or even thousands, or only 15 or so. viviparous; young fend for selves Food / Feed Strategy: crustaceans (blue crabs), shrimps, mollusks, small fishes

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Bonnethead Sharks, Sphyrna Tiburo at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 11 Common Name: Horn Shark Scientific Name: Heterodontus francisci

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Heterodontiformes

Family: Heterodontidae

Geography / Habitat: kelp beds and caves, 8-12 meters deep, subtropical eastern Pacific Ocean Life Strategy: very sluggish and inactive. spawn in Dec.-Jan., lay eggs on rocks, 6-9 months hatch Food / Feed Strategy: small fishes and invertebrates

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Horn Sharks, Heterodontus Francisci at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 12 Common Name: Port Jackson Shark Scientific Name: Heterodontus portusjacksoni

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Heterodontiformes

Family: Heterodontidae

Geography / Habitat: tropical waters, bottom of rocky environements, Australian Coast Life Strategy: segregate into same-sex groups, only meet up for breeding Food / Feed Strategy: primarily invertebrates (starfish, sea urchins, gastropods) also small fishes

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus Portusjacksoni (Meyer, 1793) - Australian

Museum." Australian Museum - Nature, Culture, Discover - Australian Museum. Web. <http://australianmuseum.com/Port-Jackson-Shark-Heterodontus-portusjacksoni-Meyer-1793>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 13 Common Name: Frilled Shark Scientific Name: Chlamydoselachus anguineus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Hexanchiformes

Family: Chlamydoselachidae

Geography / Habitat: worldwide, on continental shelves, 100-1,300 meters. ocean floor Life Strategy: ovoviparous, internal fertilization, no parental investment in young. very slow, solitary Food / Feed Strategy: small deep-water fishes and squid

• Body Form or Style: anguilliform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Frilled Sharks, Chlamydoselachus Anguineus at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 14 Common Name: Bluntnose Sixgill Shark Scientific Name: Hexanchus griseus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Hexanchidae

Geography / Habitat: near rocky reefs or soft bottoms, near bottom. deeper than 100 meters. All oceans globally Life Strategy: Ovoviparous development. Large litters (20-100 per), high infant mortality. solitary fish Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, rays, sharks, fishes

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Sixgill Sharks, Hexanchus Griseus at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 15 Common Name: Sevengill Shark Scientific Name: Notorynchus cepedianus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Hexanchidae

Geography / Habitat: All oceans except Northern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Prefer bottom of Continental Shelves. Depth based on size Life Strategy: Ovoviparous. No post-birth care, young nurtured internally. Food / Feed Strategy: sharks, rays, chimeras, dolphins, also fish like salmon, sturgeon, herring

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Sevengill Sharks, Notorynchus Cepedianus at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 16 Common Name: Thresher Shark Scientific Name: Alopias vulpinus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes

Family: Alopiidae

Geography / Habitat: worldwide warm/temperate waters. pelagic, sometimes wanders inshore Life Strategy: Ovoviparous, 4-6 pups per litter Food / Feed Strategy: small schooling fish – stuns with tail blows

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Thresher Sharks, Alopias Vulpinus at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 17 Common Name: Basking Shark Scientific Name: Cetorhinus maximus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Cetorhinidae

Geography / Habitat: North and South Atlantic and Pacific, surface waters in open sea Life Strategy: migratory species. ovoviparous, no parental raising of young. move inland for breeding Food / Feed Strategy: opens mouth wide while swimming, gillrakers skim plankton

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Basking Sharks, Cetorhinus Maximus at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 18 Common Name: Great White Shark Scientific Name: Carcharodon carcharias

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Lamnidae

Geography / Habitat: all cold temperate and tropical coastal waters, coastal and offshore, surface to 1,800 meters Life Strategy: Ovoviparous, solitary or small groups Food / Feed Strategy: swims vertically into prey, slams, then bites to kill. seals, sealions, dolphins, whale carcasses

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: Martin, R. Aidan, and Anne Martin. "Great White Sharks, Carcharodon Carcharias

at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=38>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 19 Common Name: Megamouth Shark Scientific Name: Megachasma pelagios

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Megachasmidae

Geography / Habitat: deep water off Australia, Japan, Hawaii, California Life Strategy: sexual, internal fertilization, ovoviparous. Food / Feed Strategy: filter-feeds off plankton with large, adapted mouth

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Biology of the Megamouth Shark." ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research Home.

Web. <http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/m_pelagios.htm>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 20 Common Name: Goblin Shark Scientific Name: Mitsukurina owstoni

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Megachasmidae

Geography / Habitat: mid- and deep-water regions, continental shelves, mainly Japan, also S. Africa, E. Atlantic, Indian Life Strategy: Probably Ovoviparous with no parental care. Little known about breeding. Food / Feed Strategy: feeds near bottoms, uses sensors to detect vertically migrating animals. eats squid, fish, crabs

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Goblin Shark, Mitsukurina Owstoni at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 21 Common Name: Sand Tiger Shark Scientific Name: Mitsukurina owstoni

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Pseudocarchariidae

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, shallow waters, rocky or coral reefs Life Strategy: well-developed when born, fend for selves, ovoviparous, 2:1 male to female ratio. travel in groups up to 20 Food / Feed Strategy: hunt co-operatively, eats bony fish, rays, lobsters, crabs, squid. Prone to feeding frenzies

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Sand Tiger Sharks, Carcharias Taurus at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 22 Common Name: Crocodile Shark Scientific Name: Pseudocarcharias kamoharai

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Pseudocarchariidae

Geography / Habitat: all tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. mostly pelagic, sometimes inshore Life Strategy: aplacental viviparity (yolk sac), 4 pups per litter, mini adults, swim and feed by selves Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivorous: small fish, squid, shrimp

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Crocodile Shark." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodile_shark>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 23 Common Name: Nurse Shark Scientific Name: Ginglymostoma cirratum

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Orectolobiformes

Family: Ginglymostomatidae

Geography / Habitat: Eastern and western Atlantic, East Pacific to Indian, sandy beaches, mud and sand flats, coral reefs Life Strategy: Oviparous or ovoviviparous, 20-30 pups at a time Food / Feed Strategy: large variety; small fishes, shrimp, mollusks, crustaceans

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Nurse Shark, Ginglymostoma Cirratum at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 24 Common Name: Spotted Wobbegong Scientific Name: Orectolobus maculatus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Orectolobidae

Geography / Habitat: Bottom-dwellers around Australian coast Life Strategy: Ovoviviparous; all parental investment from female before birth. Young eaten if don’t leave immediately. Very sluggish, nocturnal. Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, primarily bottom-dwelling invertebrates

• Body Form or Style: Depressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Spotted Wobbegong Shark, Orectolobus Maculatus at MarineBio.org."

MarineBio.org - Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=384>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 25 Common Name: Whale Shark Scientific Name: Rhincodon typus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Rhincodontidae

Geography / Habitat: All warm-water and temperate seas worldwide. deep underwater Life Strategy: solitary and mild-mannered. Little known about reproduction. Thought to be viviparous, but under debate Food / Feed Strategy: planktonic and nektonic organisms; krill, herring, anchovies, squid

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Whale Sharks, Rhincodon Typus at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 26 Common Name: Zebra Sharks Scientific Name: Stegostoma fasciatum

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Rhincodontidae

Geography / Habitat: Australian coastal waters, warm-water reefs, 60m deep. bottom-dweller Life Strategy: very large eggs (oviparous) otherwise no parental investment in young. can pump water over gills while holding still Food / Feed Strategy: gastropod and bivalve mollusks, crabs, shrimp, small fish.

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Zebra Sharks, Stegostoma Fasciatum at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 27 Common Name: Longnose Sawshark Scientific Name: Stegostoma fasciatum

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Pristiophoriformes

Family: Pristiophoridae

Geography / Habitat: Open sea and coastal regions, S. Australia Continental shelf, depth >40m Life Strategy: Pre-birth nourishing as well as feeding and protection after birth. schooling Food / Feed Strategy: immobilize prey with whack from snout. eats bony fish, shrimp, squids

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Long Nose Saw Shark Species Profile, Photos and Videos." Shark Information -

Shark Photos, Shark Pictures & Shark Videos. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.sharkinformation.org/long-nose-saw-shark/>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 28 Common Name: Atlantic Manta Rays Scientific Name: Manta birostris

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Myliobatoidei

Family: Myliobatidae

Geography / Habitat: Surface to 120 meters, tropical warm-water coastal regions Life Strategy: solitary, free swimmers. 1 female breeds with a few males. 1 or 2 babies, who are soon independent Food / Feed Strategy: filter-feeding planktivores

• Body Form or Style: Depressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Amiiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Giant Mantas, Manta Birostris at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine Biology,

Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=49>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 29 Common Name: Bat Rays Scientific Name: Myliobatis californicus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Myliobatoidei

Family: Myliobatidae

Geography / Habitat: shallow waters and coral reefs, Oregon to the Sea of Cortez Life Strategy: usually solitary, but sometimes in monstrous groups (thousands). male chooses mate for breeding. pups independent at birth. Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous; mollusks, crustaceans, small fish

• Body Form or Style: Depressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Amiiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Bat Rays, Myliobatis Californica at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine

Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=101>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 30 Common Name: Southern Atlantic Stingray Scientific Name: Dasyatis americana

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Rajiformes

Family: Dasyatidae

Geography / Habitat: most abundant in Gulf of Mexico, florida. also Carribean. Reaches to NJ and Central S. America. bottom-dweller, sandy bottoms, in-shore Life Strategy: ovoviparous; independent after birth. 3-5 pups per litter Food / Feed Strategy: crabs, shellfish, marine worms, sometimes small fish. buries in sand and surprises

• Body Form or Style: Depressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Amiiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Southern Stingray, Dasyatis Americana at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -

Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=521>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 31 Common Name: Blue-spotted Stingray Scientific Name: Taeniura lymma

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Rajiformes

Family: Dasyatidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-west Pacific. sandy bottoms around coral reefs Life Strategy: ovoviparous, 7 young per litter. lives alone or in small groups Food / Feed Strategy: traps food on substrate, then eats. eats bony fish, shrimp, crabs

• Body Form or Style: Depressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Amiiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Blue-spotted Ray, Taeniura Lymma at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 32 Common Name: Cookie-cutter Shark Scientific Name: Isistius brasiliensis

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Squaliformes

Family: Dalatiidae

Geography / Habitat: Mainly Pacific Ocean, also occurs worldwide. Deep-water, near islands. Life Strategy: solitary, only come together for mating. lays eggs in stick casing on rocks, young emerge fully developed Food / Feed Strategy: carnivore, violent. deepwater organisms – sharks, squid, fish, etc.

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Cookiecutter Sharks, Isistius Brasiliensis at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 33 Common Name: Greenland Shark Scientific Name: Somniosus microcephalus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Dalatiidae

Geography / Habitat: North Atlantic, Continental shelves, some intertidal regions. down to 1200 meters deep Life Strategy: females provide rich embryos for young, sharks independent at birth. sluggish, hover near sea floor Food / Feed Strategy: Eats fish, marine mammals, and carrion

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Greenland Sharks, Somniosus Microcephalus at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 34 Common Name: Piked Dogfish Scientific Name: Squalus acanthias

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Squalidae

Geography / Habitat: About 700 meters deep, North Atlantic and North Pacific Life Strategy: ovoviviparous; females create ‘candles’ – thin shell around eggs. gregarious schools of hundreds or thousands Food / Feed Strategy: bony fishes, smaller sharks, mollusks, crustaceans, eggcases of sharks

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Piked Dogfishes, Squalus Acanthias at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 35 Common Name: Pacific Angel Shark Scientific Name: Squatina californica

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Squatiniformes

Family: Squatinidae

Geography / Habitat: bottom-dweller, shallow waters, Eastern Pacific coastline, California to Chile Life Strategy: long gestation period results in immediate survival of pups. annual breeding cycle. typically solitary Food / Feed Strategy: carnivores, primarily eat bony fishes and cephalopods.

• Body Form or Style: Depressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Sawback Angelsharks, Squatina Aculeata at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 36 Common Name: Threadfin Butterflyfish Scientific Name: Chaetodon auriga

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: Chaetodontidae

Geography / Habitat: Indian and Pacific Oceans, tropical coral reefs Life Strategy: monogamous, lasting partnership, release hundreds of thousands of eggs, then leave alone Food / Feed Strategy: mostly eat plankton, also algae, shrimp, gastropods

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Threadfin Butterflyfish." AC Tropical Fish & Aquarium. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.

<http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/Butterflyfish/Threadfin.php>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 37 Common Name: Foureye Butterflyfish Scientific Name: Chaetodon capistratus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: Western Tropical Atlantic, shallow coral reefs Life Strategy: groups up to 15 individuals, no consistent paring of mates. Food / Feed Strategy: browser, eats mostly anthozoans. also fish eggs, crustaceans, worms

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Foureye Butterflyfish." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foureye_butterflyfish>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 38 Common Name: Featherfin Bullfish Scientific Name: Heniochus acuminatus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific Ocean, coral reefs, bay waters Life Strategy: lays eggs, larvae planktonic Food / Feed Strategy: coral reef feeders; eats coral and invertebrates

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "pennant coralfish." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.

Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/450040/pennant-coralfish>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 39 Common Name: Blue-ring Angelfish Scientific Name: Pomacanthus annularis

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific Ocean coastal rocky coral reefs Life Strategy: one male and one female, at dusk Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous; benthic invertebrates

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Blue Ring Angelfish, Pomacanthus Annularis from Tropical Fish and Aquariums."

Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://saltwater.tropicalfishandaquariums.com/Angelfish/BlueRingAngel.asp>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 40 Common Name: French Angelfish Scientific Name: Pomacanthus paru

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: shallow coral reefs, both sides of Atlantic Life Strategy: Pair spawn and scatter eggs. external fertilization Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous; algae and sponges

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "French Angelfishes, Pomacanthus Paru at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 41 Common Name: Common Dolphinfish Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Coryphaenidae

Geography / Habitat: tropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, found near floating objects Life Strategy: spawning every 2-3 years, 80,000 to 1 million eggs each time Food / Feed Strategy: eats teleosts, cephalopods, and crustaceans

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Common Dolphinfish, Coryphaena Hippurus at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 42 Common Name: Remora Scientific Name: Remora remora

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Coryphaenidae

Geography / Habitat: Western Mediterranean and Atlantic, pelagic Life Strategy: clings to bottom of sharks, rays, other large organisms. Food / Feed Strategy: gillrakers filter plankton as they ride large fish

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior • Citation: "Remora." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remora>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 43 Common Name: Zebra fish Scientific Name: Enoplosus armatus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Enoplosidae

Geography / Habitat: Indonesia to S. Australia, sea grass beds Life Strategy: Schooling fish, pair up for spawning, pelagic eggs (floating) Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, especially small crustaceans

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Zebrafish." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebrafish>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 44 Common Name: Leather Bass Scientific Name: Dermatoplepis dermatolepis

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Serranidae

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Central Pacific and Southeast Pacific, rocky reef areas Life Strategy: males and females release clouds of eggs and sperm, do not guard young Food / Feed Strategy: small benthic fish, crustaceans, crabs, shrimp

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior • Citation: "SDNHM - Dermatolepis Dermatolepis (Leather Bass, Leatherback Bass)." Ocean

Oasis. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.oceanoasis.org/fieldguide/derm-der.html>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 45 Common Name: Clown Wrasse Scientific Name: Coris aygula

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Labridae

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Africa, Southern Asia, rocky reef and coral areas Life Strategy: loose aggregations, one male dominates for spawning. egg-layers Food / Feed Strategy: eats shelled mollusks, crabs, sea urchins

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Labriform • Mouth Position: Superior • Citation "Clown Wrasse, Coris Gaimard, African Clown Wrasse, Gaimard Rainbow-wrasse,

Coris Gaimard Africana." Animal-World, Dr. Jungles Exotic Pets, Animals, Aquariums. Extensive Encyclopedia of Animal Information. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://animal-world.com/encyclo/marine/wrasses/ClownWrasse.php>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 46 Common Name: Cleaner Fish Scientific Name: Labroides dimidiatus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Labridae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific coral reefs Life Strategy: males defend territory, attract females. external fertilization Food / Feed Strategy: operate “cleaning stations” where other fish come to have their teeth cleaned by the wrasses

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Labriform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Cleaner Fish." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaner_fish>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 47 Common Name: Bluehead Wrasse Scientific Name: Thalassoma bifasciatum

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Labridae

Geography / Habitat: Western Atlantic Ocean, inshore bays and seagrass beds Life Strategy: females can become males (protogyny). egg-layers, no parental care Food / Feed Strategy: forage for plankton, worms, shrimp, small crustaceans

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Labriform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Bluehead Wrasse, Thalassoma Bifasciatum." Animal-World, Dr. Jungles Exotic

Pets, Animals, Aquariums. Extensive Encyclopedia of Animal Information. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://animal-world.com/encyclo/marine/wrasses/BlueheadWrasse.php>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 48 Common Name: Barrier Reef Anemone Fish Scientific Name: Amphiprion akindynos


Family: Pomacentridae

Geography / Habitat: Australian Great Barrier Reef, 1-25 meters deep Life Strategy: live in anemones on reef without being harmed. male selects nest, external fertilization, guard nest from predators and clear debris Food / Feed Strategy: primarily eat algae and zooplankton

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Clown Anemonefishes, Amphiprion Ocellaris at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org -


Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 49 Common Name: Barrier Reef Anemone Fish Scientific Name: Amphiprion frenatus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: Oriental Western Pacific, lagoon reefs Life Strategy: pair mates together for life, lives in anemone for protection. lay eggs and protects, larvae leave when hatched for own anemone Food / Feed Strategy: algae, zooplankton, small crustaceans

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Tomato Clownfish." AC Tropical Fish & Aquarium. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.

<http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/clownfish/tomato.php>

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 50 Common Name: False Skunkstriped Anemonefish Scientific Name: Amphiprion perideraion

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: Tropical West Pacific and Indian oceans, lagoons and seaward reefs Life Strategy: lay eggs just outside host anemone, protect until gone. not harmed by anemone, symbiotic relationship, gets protection Food / Feed Strategy: suction-feeder, omnivorous, zoo- and phyto-plankton mostly

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "False Skunk-striped Anemonefish (Amphiprion Perideraion) - Scuba Diving

Marine Life Description, Photos, and Videos." Scuba Diving Logbook / Reviews of Dive Shops and Dive Sites Worldwide. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://myscubadives.com/marine-life/amphiprion-perideraion-false-skunk-striped-anemonefish/>

Freshwater Species

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 62 Common Name: Adolfo’s Cory Scientific Name: Corydoras adolfoi

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Ostariophysi

Family: Callichthyidae

Geography / Habitat: Bottom-dweller, Brazil, rivers of S. America Life Strategy: Peaceful schooling fish Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, sucks material off bottom

• Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Adolfo's Cory (Corydoras Adolfoi) Profile." Tropical Fish Keeping - Aquarium

Fish Care and Resources. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/profiles/adolfo-cory/>

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 95 Common Name: Brook Trout Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes

Family: Salmonidae Genus: Salvelinus

Species: fontinalis

Geography / Habitat: Rivers and lakes, Eastern coast, Hudson Bay to Georgia. Require escape cover Life Strategy: fairly territorial and aggressive. Migrate short distances upstream to spawn. Food / Feed Strategy: carnivore – anything that fits in mouth. Insects, worms, crustaceans, etc.

• Common Name: Broook Trout • Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 97 Common Name: Brown Trout Scientific Name: Salmo trutta


Family: Salmonidae Genus: Salmo

Species: trutta

Geography / Habitat: Europe (Iceland and Mediterranean area), rivers and streams Life Strategy: Spawn, then move downstream for winter, take refuge in secluded, slow-moving areas Food / Feed Strategy: mainly large aquatic insects, also food washed from banks

• Common Name: Brown Trout • Scientific Name: Salmo trutta • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 55 Common Name: Bristlenose Plecostomus Scientific Name: Ancistrus temminckii

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Cichlidaes

Geography / Habitat: West African, Middle Eastern, S. American streams and rivers Life Strategy: Male selects a mate, several hundred eggs on flat surface, eggs defended agressively Food / Feed Strategy: carnivores- insects, crustaceans, Caridina (shrimps, prawns)

• Body Form or Style: Bottom rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: inferior • Citation: http://www.funfishtank.com/2006/08/bristlenose-plecostomus/

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 58 Common Name: Blue Ahli Scientific Name: Melanochromis Johanni

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi, deep water, rocky areas Life Strategy: very aggressive and territorial, males develop coloring, but females don’t Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, likes crustaceans, small fish, small insects

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: superior • Citation: http://www.tropicalfishandaquariums.com/AfricanCichlids/BlueAhli.asp

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 92 Common Name: Bloater Scientific Name: Coregonus hoyi

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Salmonidae

Geography / Habitat: On or near bottom, Great Lakes except Lake Erie Life Strategy: daytime on bottom, night-time rises in water column for feeding. Spring spawning Food / Feed Strategy: Copepods, fish eggs, clams

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloater

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 76 Common Name: Bleeding Heart Tetra Scientific Name: Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Characiformes

Family: Characidae

Geography / Habitat: dense vegetation, inland tropical rivers/ streams, Amazon River Basin Life Strategy: Spawn, then drop eggs and leave Food / Feed Strategy: wide variety – crustaceans, insects, etc.

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation:

http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=830+890+906&pcatid=906

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 69 Common Name: Black Bullhead Catfish Scientific Name: Ameiurus melas

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes

Family: Ictaluridae

Geography / Habitat: Mexico to Canada, Appalachians to Arizona. Most freshwater habitats (small ponds to big lakes). Very tolerant Life Strategy: Nocturnal. Nest brooders, 2,000-3,800 eggs Food / Feed Strategy: Ostracods, Amphipods,Copepods, insects/larvae. Carnivorous

• Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/52926.html

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 66 Common Name: Betta Scientific Name: Betta Splendens

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Osphronemidae

Geography / Habitat: Asian Swamps Life Strategy: uses colors when agitated or mating Food / Feed Strategy: zooplankton and mosquito larvae, carnivorous

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior • Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betta

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 64 Common Name: African Glass Catfish Scientific Name: Pareutropius buffei

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Siluriformes

Geography / Habitat: Niger River Watershed, near riverbanks or floodplains Life Strategy: Peaceful, but active, lives in small groups, uncommonly seen Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivores who eat almost anything, bottom-feeders

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: http://fish.mongabay.com/species/Eutropiellus_buffei.html

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 59 Common Name: Blue Ram Scientific Name: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: slow-flowing water, South American Streams Life Strategy: mostly bluff, not very aggressive. Have strong pair bonds from juvenile age Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, likes crustaceans, small fish, small insects

• Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: superior • Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_cichlid

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 94 Common Name: Bull Trout Scientific Name: Salvelinus confluentus



Species: confluentus

Geography / Habitat: Northwest North America (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, etc.) medium to large rivers, large lakes Life Strategy: migratory during spawning time, spawning not possible in still water Food / Feed Strategy: piscovorous, also eats some small invertebrates

• Common Name: Bull Trout • Scientific Name: Salvelinus confluentus • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 70 Common Name: Yellow Bullhead Catfish Scientific Name: Ameiurus natalis


Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Ameiurus

Species: natalis

Geography / Habitat: Backwaters with a slow current, rivers and streams, Eastern U.S. Life Strategy: digs protected nests next to tree stumps, rocks, etc. fry kept in tight schools Food / Feed Strategy: Opportunistic feeders, omnivorous

• Common Name: Yellow Bullhead Catfish • Scientific Name: Ameiurus natalis • Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 81 Common Name: White Perch Scientific Name: Morone americana

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Percoidei

Family: Sciaenidae Genus: Morone

Species: americana

Geography / Habitat: Lakes and reservoirs along Atlantic coast from New Jersey to S. Carolina Life Strategy: Use creeks and small rivers as nursery for juveniles. Reside in bottom of large lakes during winter Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivorous, mainly piscivorous. Also fish eggs, insects, crustaceans

• Common Name: White Perch • Scientific Name: Morone americana • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 83 Common Name: White Bass Scientific Name: Morone chrysops


Family: Sciaenidae Genus: Morone

Species: chrysops

Geography / Habitat: unvegetated, open, large bodies of water. S. Canada to Northeast Mexico Life Strategy: Dense schooling. No courtship – random fertilization Food / Feed Strategy: Piscivorous, eats perch, shad, carp, bullheads, and others

• Common Name: White Bass • Scientific Name: Morone chrysops • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 88 Common Name: Upside-down Catfish Scientific Name: Synodontis nigriventris


Family: Mochokidae Genus: Synodontis

Species: nigriventris

Geography / Habitat: Central Congo basin of Africa Life Strategy: After 2 months old, swims upside-down for rest of life. Egg-layers Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous – insects, crustaceans, and plant matter

• Common Name: Upside Down Catfish • Scientific Name: Synodontis nigriventris • Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 89 Common Name: Striped Raphael Catfish Scientific Name: Platydoras armatulus


Family: Mochokidae Genus: Platydoras

Species: armatulus

Geography / Habitat: Amazon, Orinoco, Essequibo Rivers in French-Guiana Life Strategy: Burrow in soft, sandy river bottoms, live life there. nocturnal Food / Feed Strategy: bottom-feeding carnivores

• Common Name: Striped Raphael Catfish • Scientific Name: Platydoras armatulus • Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 68 Common Name: Black Bullhead Catfish Scientific Name: Ameiurus melas


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Ameiurus

Species: melas

Geography / Habitat: Mexico to Canada, Appalachians to Arizona. Most freshwater habitats (small ponds to big lakes). Very tolerant Life Strategy: Nocturnal. Nest brooders, 2,000-3,800 eggs Food / Feed Strategy: Ostracods, Amphipods,Copepods, insects/larvae. Carnivorous

• Common Name: Black Bullhead Catfish • Scientific Name: Ameiurus melas • Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 92 Common Name: Pirate Perch Scientific Name: Aphredoderus sayanus

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Percopsiformes

Family: Aphredoderidae Genus: Aphredoderus

Species: sayanus

Geography / Habitat: Clear warm water with low currents, North America (Mississippi Valley) Life Strategy: solitary and vicious (name comes from eating all other fish in aquarium) mostly nocturnal. Lay eggs in underwater root masses Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivorous – immature insects, small crustaceans, small fish

• Common Name: Pirate Perch • Scientific Name: Aphredoderus sayanus • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 74 Common Name: Piranha Scientific Name: Pygocentrus nattereri


Family: Characidae Genus: Pygocentrus

Species: nattereri

Geography / Habitat: Whitewater streams, South America Life Strategy: bowl-shaped nests in sediment, circular courtship ritual Food / Feed Strategy: swarm in vegetation, 20-30 attack prey. Or chasing and scavenging. Small fish in morning, large fish in afternoon

• Common Name: Piranha • Scientific Name: Pygocentrus nattereri • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 72 Common Name: Channel Catfish Scientific Name: Hepsetus odoe


Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Hepsetus

Species: odoe

Geography / Habitat: banks of rivers near heavy vegetation, swamp areas, West African rivers Life Strategy: builds bubble nests, guards aggressively, spawns during flood season Food / Feed Strategy: piscivorous – feeds on several kinds of smaller fish. often cichlids.

• Common Name: Pike Characid • Scientific Name: Hepsetus odoe • Body Form or Style: Sagittiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform • Mouth Position: Superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 56 Common Name: Peacock Cichlid Scientific Name: Aulonocara hansbaenschi


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Aulonocara

Species: hansbaenschi

Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi, cave dweller Life Strategy: Ovophile mouthbrooders, matriarchal family. Mother keeps eggs in mouth, and thinks egg-spots on male’s tail are eggs. In attempting to add the egg-spots, the real eggs are fertilized Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous, eats almost anything (worms, small crustaceans, insects, etc.)

• Common Name: Peacock Cichlid • Scientific Name: Aulonocara hansbaenschi • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 84 Common Name: Pacu Scientific Name: Piaractus mesopotamicus


Family: Characidae Genus: Piaractus

Species: mesopotamicus

Geography / Habitat: Paraguay-Paraná River basin Life Strategy: Solitary, robust, lives alone unless breeding Food / Feed Strategy: eats nuts, fruits, and seeds that fall into water

• Common Name: Pacu • Scientific Name: Piaractus mesopotamicus • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 56 Common Name: Oscar Scientific Name: Astronotus ocellatus


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Astronotus

Species: ocellatus

Geography / Habitat: Amazon River Basin, slow moving white-water Life Strategy: mates pair up, lay 1,000-3,000 eggs on flat surface Food / Feed Strategy: eats anything that fits in its mouth, although not aggressive except in mating rituals

• Common Name: Oscar • Scientific Name: Astronotus ocellatus • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 87 Common Name: Muskellunge Scientific Name: Esox masquinongy

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Esociformes

Family: Esocidae Genus: Esox

Species: masquinongy

Geography / Habitat: North American rivers and lakes, clear water Life Strategy: loners or loose packs, random spawning, no nests Food / Feed Strategy: top predators. Eat fish, frogs, ducklings, mice

• Common Name: Muskellunge • Scientific Name: Esox masquinongy • Body Form or Style: Sagittiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 99 Common Name: Longnose gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes

Family: Lepisosteidae Genus: Lepisosteus

Species: osseus

Geography / Habitat: Sluggish water in large lakes and rivers, Eastern U.S. Life Strategy: No raising of young. female selects mate from up to 15 males Food / Feed Strategy: Piscivorous; shad, bluegill, bullheads

• Common Name: Longnose Gar • Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus • Body Form or Style: Sagittiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 93 Common Name: Lake Whitefish Scientific Name: Coregonus clupeaformis


Family: Salmonidae Genus: Coregonus

Species: clupeaformis

Geography / Habitat: Large deepwater lakes, Canada and Alaska Life Strategy: fairly sedentary, seasonal movements in water column. Large group spawnings Food / Feed Strategy: insects, mollusks, fish eggs and fry. Forage on lake bottom

• Common Name: Lake Whitefish • Scientific Name: Coregonus clupeaformis • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 96 Common Name: Lake Trout Scientific Name: Salvelinus namaycush



Species: namaycush

Geography / Habitat: Canada, Alaska, Great Lakes, and New England. needs deep water refugia, high oxygen levels Life Strategy: lay eggs in gravel substrate, which winter long time b/c of cold water Food / Feed Strategy: piscivorous, especially alewives, smelt, sculpin and chubs

• Common Name: Lake Trout • Scientific Name: Salvelinus namaycush • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fish Species #: 52 Common Name: Kissing Gourami Scientific Name: Helostoma temminckii Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: Helostomatidae Genus: Helostoma

Species: Helostoma temmincki

Geography / Habitat: Southeast Asia; Thailand, Indonesia, Java, Borneo Life Strategy: Fry born in floodplains, at 5 to 7 cm migrate to slow-moving rivers. “Kissing behavior occurs during feeding and some courtship. Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous; phytoplankton, zooplankton, and aquatic insects, supplemented by plant material

• Common Name: Kissing Gourami • Scientific Name: Helostoma temminckii • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 54 Common Name: Jewel Cichlid Scientific Name: Hemichromis bimaculatus


Family: Cichlidaes Genus: Hemichromis

Species: bimaculatus

Geography / Habitat: West African, Middle Eastern, S. American streams and rivers Life Strategy: Male selects a mate, several hundred eggs on flat surface, eggs defended agressively Food / Feed Strategy: carnivores- insects, crustaceans, Caridina (shrimps, prawns)

• Common Name: Jewel Cichlid • Scientific Name: Hemichromis bimaculatus • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 85 Common Name: Grass Pickerel Scientific Name: Esox americanus

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Esociformes

Family: Esocidae Genus: Esox

Species: americanus

Geography / Habitat: clear lakes, slow waters, Atlantic coast of N. America Life Strategy: Solitary and aggressively predaceous unless spawning Food / Feed Strategy: camouflages, then darts out to catch prey. Insects, other fishes, crustaceans

• Common Name: Grass Pickerel • Scientific Name: Esox americanus • Body Form or Style: Sagittiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 65 Common Name: Giraffe Cichlid Scientific Name: Nimbochromis Venustus


Family: Siluriformes Genus: Nimbochromis

Species: Venustus

Geography / Habitat: Lake Malawi, Africa, deeper regions Life Strategy: lives in deep regions to hunt juveniles due to special techniques Food / Feed Strategy: hunts juvenile cichlids, burrows into sand to hide, then attacks prey when approaches

• Common Name: Giraffe Cichlid • Scientific Name: Nimbochromis Venustus • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 60 Common Name: Kenyi Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus lombardoi


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Pseudotropheus

Species: lombardoi

Geography / Habitat: rocky shores, Mbenji Island, East African Lake Malawi Life Strategy: aggressive, typical mbunas, mouthbreed, live in same location Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, but does need plenty plant/vegetable protein

• Common Name: Kenyi • Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus lombardoi • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 79 Common Name: Freshwater Drum Scientific Name: Aplodinotus grunniens


Family: Sciaenidae Genus: Aplodinotus

Species: grunniens

Geography / Habitat: Slack currents and backwaters, large rivers or lakes, Hudson Bay to Guatemala Life Strategy: lays floating eggs seasonally. Nocturnal schooling fish Food / Feed Strategy: predators, search bottom in schools

• Common Name: Freshwater Drum • Scientific Name: Aplodinotus grunniens • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 100 Common Name: Florida gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes

Family: Lepisosteidae Genus: Lepisosteus

Species: platyrhincus

Geography / Habitat: Lowland streams or lakes, muddy bottoms, abundant vegetation. Florida and some nearby areas Life Strategy: Travel in groups of 2-10. dry season–burrow in marsh sediments. Food / Feed Strategy: Ram feeding (high velocity lunge, slow stalk). eats fish, shrimp, and crayfish

• Common Name: Florida Gar • Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus • Body Form or Style: Sagittiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 61 Common Name: Featherfin Catfish Scientific Name: Synodontis eupterus


Family: Siluriformes Genus: Synodontis

Species: eupterus

Geography / Habitat: Chad, Niger (White Nile River). Bottom-dweller Life Strategy: aggressive, long life (18 years), lay eggs, not mouthbrooder Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous

• Common Name: Featherfin Catfish • Scientific Name: Synodontis eupterus • Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 75 Common Name: Emperor Tetra Scientific Name: Nematobrycon palmeri


Family: Characidae Genus: Nematobrycon

Species: palmeri

Geography / Habitat: Pelagic rivers, Western Colombia, S. America Life Strategy: long spawning, external fertilization. One egg spawned at a time. No guarding of eggs, but may eat Food / Feed Strategy: Very omnivorous. In one year, consumes 60 times body weight

• Common Name: Emperor Tetra • Scientific Name: Nematobrycon palmeri • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 3 Common Name: Electric Yellow Lab Scientific Name: Labidochromis caeruleus


Family: Cichlidaes Genus: Labidochromis

Species: Caeruleus

Geography / Habitat: African Lake Malawi Life Strategy: Mouthbrooder – eggs laid, fry hatched and raised in mother’s mouth Food / Feed Strategy: in wild eats crawfish and insect larvae. omnivorous, eats most aquarium foods, needs strong vegetable component

• Common Name: Electric Yellow Cichlid • Scientific Name: Labidochromis caeruleus • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 57 Common Name: Electric Blue Johanii Scientific Name: Melanochromis Johanni


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Melanochromis

Species: Johanni

Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi Life Strategy: Typical mouthbrooding mbuna, aggressive and territorial Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, needs plant and animal protein

• Common Name: Electric Blue Johanii • Scientific Name: Melanochromis Johanni • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 67 Common Name: Dolphin Cichlid Scientific Name: Cyrtocara moorii


Family: Osphronemidae Genus: Cyrtocara

Species: moorii

Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi Life Strategy: follows special feeding strategy Food / Feed Strategy: follows behind substrate-digging cichlids and eats remnants of their meals

• Common Name: Dolphin Cichlid • Scientific Name: Cyrtocara moorii • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 90 Common Name: Cuiu cuiu Scientific Name: Pseudodoras niger


Family: Doradidae Genus: Pseudodoras

Species: niger

Geography / Habitat: South America, large rivers, not tributaries. Blackwater and whitewater. Life Strategy: Annual fish run upstream from Amazon basin Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous; crustaceans, snails, seeds, fruits

• Common Name: Cuiu cuiu • Scientific Name: Pseudodoras niger • Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 51 Common Name: Convict Cichlid Scientific Name: Cichlasomatinae amatitlania


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Cichlasomatinae

Species: Amatitlania

Geography / Habitat: Central American Streams, Guatemala to Costa Rica, Honduras to Panama. Life Strategy: parental care of eggs, aggressive protection, assisted feeding, use mouth to transport fry to nest Food / Feed Strategy: flakes optimal, will eat pellets. Needs animal protein – vegetable protein good too

• Common Name: Convict Cichlid • Scientific Name: Cichlasomatinae amatitlania • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: • Mouth Position: terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 76 Common Name: Common Hatchetfish Scientific Name: Gasteropelecus sternicla


Family: Gasteropelecidae Genus: Gasteropelecus

Species: sternicla

Geography / Habitat: Surface-dweller, likes vegetated shores, but ventures out when schooled Life Strategy: Hydroplanes out of water to avoid predators. breed during rainy season Food / Feed Strategy: primarily insects and larvae

• Common Name: Common Hatchetfish • Scientific Name: Gasteropelecus sternicla • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Superior

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 63 Common Name: Archerfish Scientific Name: Toxotes chatareus


Family: Siluriformes Genus: Toxotes

Species: chatareus

Geography / Habitat: Australia, India, Malasia, Thailand, and Vietnam Life Strategy: Peaceful egglayer Food / Feed Strategy: shoots insects above water with a quick, powerful jet of water

• Common Name: Common Archer • Scientific Name: Toxotes chatareus • Body Form or Style: Compressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 78 Common Name: Sheatfish Scientific Name: Silurus glanis


Family: Siluridae Genus: Silurus

Species: glanis

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Europe; large lakes, mud bottoms, especially near dams Life Strategy: Males guard eggs where female lays Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, eats mollusks, crustaceans, and larger animals, like birds, voles, and snakes

• Common Name: Sheatfish • Scientific Name: Silurus glanis • Body Form or Style: Taeniform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 91 Common Name: Burbot Scientific Name: Lota lota

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Gadiformes

Family: Lotidae Genus: Pseudodoras

Species: niger

Geography / Habitat: Deep lakes or slow-moving river bottoms; Nearctic and Palearctic regions Life Strategy: migrate to shallow waster for spawning, wintertime Food / Feed Strategy: Piscovores – hunt similar to pikes (lie in wait) but less emphasis on sight

• Common Name: Burbot • Scientific Name: Lota lota • Body Form or Style: Sagittiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior

Saltwater Invertebrates

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 101 Common Name: Common Cuttlefish Scientific Name: Sepia officinalis

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Sepiida

Family: Sepiidae

Geography / Habitat: Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic, reefs or channels up to 80 ft. deep. found on bottom covered in sand Life Strategy: Internal fertilization, no larval stage. very smart for invertebrate. camouflage with sandy bottom for protection Food / Feed Strategy: captures, paralyzes with poison or crushes with beak. eats small fish, shrimp, crabs, crustaceans

• Body Form or Style: Depressiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Cuttlefishes, Sepia Officinalis at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine Biology, Ocean

Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=540>

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 102 Common Name: Ram’s Horn Squid Scientific Name: Spirula spirula

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Spirulida

Family: Spirulidae

Geography / Habitat: tropical coastal waters, daytime 500-1000 meters, night 100-300 meters Life Strategy: male implants sperm sac, female lays eggs with nutrients until hatching, then young are independent Food / Feed Strategy: nocturnal hunter, eats small fish and crustaceans

• Body Form or Style: Squid-like • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Ram's Horn Squid – Spirula Spirula (Linnaeus, 1758) - Australian Museum."

Australian Museum - Nature, Culture, Discover - Australian Museum. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://australianmuseum.net.au/Rams-Horn-Squid-Spirula-spirula-Linnaeus-1758>

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 103 Common Name: Longfinned Squid Scientific Name: Loligo forbesii

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida

Family: Loliginidae

Geography / Habitat: All open coast, Eastern Atlantic, near sandy or muddy bottoms Life Strategy: up to 100,000 eggs, provided with yolk sac, no further parental investment. Food / Feed Strategy: eats smaller organisms (fish, other mollusks, etc.)

• Body Form or Style: Squid-like • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Longfin Inshore Squid - Status of Fishery Resources off the Northeastern US."

NOAA :: Northeast Fisheries Science Center. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/sos/spsyn/iv/lfsquid/>

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 104 Common Name: Longfinned Inshore Squid Scientific Name: Loligo pealeii

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida

Family: Loliginidae

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Continental shelf of N. America, Gulf of Mexico, shallow waters Life Strategy: males court females, females lay 200-egg packets on sea floor to be fertilized. changes color for courtship and defense Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous; other squid, crustaceans, fishes, shrimp

• Body Form or Style: Squid-like • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Longfin Inshore Squid - Status of Fishery Resources off the Northeastern US."

NOAA :: Northeast Fisheries Science Center. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/sos/spsyn/iv/lfsquid/>.

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 105 Common Name: N/A Scientific Name: Stauroteuthis syrtensis

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda

Family: Stauroteuthidae

Geography / Habitat: Waters off continental shelf, Eastern N. America, open water, near bottom Life Strategy: because it’s deep-water, little known about mating or parental care. Internal fertilization, lays about 900 eggs Food / Feed Strategy: small crustaceans, mainly copepods. bioluminescence of suckers may attract prey

• Body Form or Style: Octopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: Collins, M.A.; Henriques, C. (2000). A revision of the family Stauroteuthidae (Octopoda: Cirrata) with

redescriptions of Stauroteuthis syrtensis and S. gilchristi. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 80(4): 685-697 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1587

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 106 Common Name: Greater Argonaut Scientific Name: Argonauta argo

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca


Family: Argonautidae

Geography / Habitat: near surface, epipelagic. tropical oceans worldwide Life Strategy: male has special leg for fertilizing which breaks off. female creates shell for eggs before hatching Food / Feed Strategy: feeds on plankton and small organisms on surface

• Body Form or Style: Shelled Octopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Greater Argonaut « The Ever so Strange Animal Almanac: Vol II." The Ever so

Strange Animal Almanac: Vol II. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://curiouscreatures.wordpress.com/2010/03/09/greater-argonaut/>

Animals, Animals, Animals. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://animalworld.tumblr.com/post/9122580869/knobby-argonaut-argonauta-nodosa-c-shigeru-

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 107 Common Name: Knobby Argonaut Scientific Name: Argonauta nodosa

Kin

harazaki>

gdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca


Family: Argonautidae

Geography / Habitat: surface level in open ocean, all oceans, most abundant by South Australia Life Strategy: sexual, internal fertilization, female raises eggs inside brood chamber of shell until ready to release Food / Feed Strategy: crayfish, crabs, and bivalves

• Body Form or Style: Shelled octopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation:

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 108 Common Name: Greater Blue-ringed Octopus Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena lunulata

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca


Family: Octopodidae

Geography / Habitat: Indowest Pacific and Indian Oceans, shallow coral and rock pools Life Strategy: female guards 60-100 eggs for 50 days, doesn’t even eat, dies upon hatching Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous; fish, crabs, mollusks, small marine organisms

• Body Form or Style: Octopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Blue-ringed Octopuses, Hapalochlaena Maculosa at MarineBio.org."

MarineBio.org - Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=403>

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 109 Common Name: Blue-ringed Octopus Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena maculosa

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca


Family: Octopodidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific tidal rock pools Life Strategy: male courts respondent females with colors, female carries eggs, young hatch as planktonic paralarvae Food / Feed Strategy: poisonous, may inject neuropoison into water or with bite. extremely toxic. carnivorous; shrimp, crustaceans, etc.

• Body Form or Style: Octopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Blue-ringed Octopuses, Hapalochlaena Maculosa at MarineBio.org."

MarineBio.org - Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=403>.

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 110 Common Name: Common Octopus Scientific Name: Octopus vulgaris

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca


Family: Octopodidae

Geography / Habitat: worldwide distribution, warm/tropical waters, surface to 150 meters deep Life Strategy: females settle in shelter, lay and brood 100,000-500,000 eggs, die shortly after from no eating Food / Feed Strategy: active predators, primarily gastropods and bivalves

• Body Form or Style: Octopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: " Common Octopuses, Octopus vulgaris at MarineBio.org". MarineBio.org. 12

December 2011 <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=555>. Last updated: 11/19/2011 4:35:37 PM

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 111 Common Name: Caribbean Reef Octopus Scientific Name: Octopus briareus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca


Family: Octopodidae

Geography / Habitat: Warm, shallow water, around Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. rocky reefs or seagrass beds Life Strategy: male mounts, injects sperm. Female settles, broods eggs until hatched, fully independent offspring. Food / Feed Strategy: primarily small crustaceans, especially crabs. waits for prey pass lair

• Body Form or Style: Octopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior

Citation: "Caribbean Reef Octopuses, Octopus briareus at MarineBio.org". MarineBio.org. 12 December 2011 <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=552>.

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 112 Common Name: Joubin’s Octopus Scientific Name: Octopus joubini

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca


Family: Octopodidae

Geography / Habitat: Inhabit empty shells in coral reef, shallow water, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea to Guyanas Life Strategy: short (5 minute) mating, then female lays eggs, broods, dies after hatching Food / Feed Strategy: Mostly eats crabs (most convenient), also some snails

• Body Form or Style: Octopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: Rudolph, N. 2002. "Octopus joubini" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed

December 12, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Octopus_joubini.html.

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 113 Common Name: Vampire Squid Scientific Name: Vampyroteuthis infernalis

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Vampyromorpha

Family: Vampyroteuthidae

Geography / Habitat: Prefers no light (1,500-2,500m), tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide Life Strategy: female discharges eggs after mating, free-float, no further care Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivore; eats when it can catch. very slow metabolic rate. not aggressive

• Body Form or Style: Octopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Inferior Citation: "Vampire Squids, Vampyroteuthis infernalis at MarineBio.org". MarineBio.org. 12 December 2011 <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=179>.

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 114 Common Name: Chambered Nautilus Scientific Name: Nautilus pompilius

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Nautilida

Family: Nautilidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific, near bottoms of coral reefs Life Strategy: male attaches sperm packet to female’s shell, female creates eggs, lays. hatched young are miniature adults, independent Food / Feed Strategy: uses sense of smell, not sight, to eat fish, crabs, carrion

• Body Form or Style: Shelled cephalopod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Emperor Nautilus, Nautilus pompilius pompilius at MarineBio.org".

MarineBio.org. 12 December 2011 <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=168>.

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 115 Common Name: California Seahare Scientific Name: Aplysia californica

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda Order: Anaspidea

Family: Aplysiidae

Geography / Habitat: coastal regions with thick vegetation, California coast Life Strategy: hermaphroditic, reproduces sexually, eggs in sacs coiled around rocks/seaweed Food / Feed Strategy: herbivorous, eats algae and eelgrass

• Body Form or Style: Nudibranch • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: Rudman WB. 1999. Aplysia californica, Sea Slug Forum. Sydney: Australian

Museum. December 27, 2005.

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 116 Common Name: Spotted Sea Hare Scientific Name: Aplysia dactylomela

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda Order: Anaspidea

Family: Aplysiidae

Geography / Habitat: sea grass beds, tropical waters worldwide Life Strategy: hermaphroditic, can form chains of up to 12, acting as male and female simultaneously. very little investment in offspring beyond eggyolk Food / Feed Strategy: eats red and green algae

• Body Form or Style: Nudibranch • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: Overly, Anne. "Spotted Sea Hare, Aplysia Dactylomela." Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish,

and Nautilus - The Cephalopod Page. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/MarineInvertebrateZoology/Aplysiadactylomela.html>

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 117 Common Name: Florida Horse Conch Scientific Name: Pleuroploca gigantea

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda Order: Neogastropoda

Family: Fasciolariidae

Geography / Habitat: sand and weeds, shallow water, Eastern N. America (Gulf of Mexico, Southeastern U.S.) Life Strategy: sexual; attaches capsules to rocks or old shells Food / Feed Strategy: carnivore, eats bivalves and other snails

• Body Form or Style: Shelled gastropod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Pleuroploca Gigantea." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuroploca_gigantea>

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 118 Common Name: Northern Abalone Scientific Name: Haliotis kamtschatkana

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda Order: Archaeogastropoda

Family: Haliotididae

Geography / Habitat: Pacific coast of North America, rocky substrate, algae Life Strategy: external fertilization, 48-hour larval stage Food / Feed Strategy: herbivores, graze on coralline algae

• Body Form or Style: Shelled gastropod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Northern Abalone | The SeaDoc Society." The SeaDoc Society | People and

Science Healing the Sea. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.seadocsociety.org/taxonomy/term/18>

Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 119 Common Name: Red Abalone Scientific Name: Haliotis rufescens

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda Order: Archaeogastropoda

Family: Haliotididae

Geography / Habitat: Southern Oregon to Baja California, intertidal zones, attached to rocks Life Strategy: external fertilization, eggs and sperm released together. up to 2 million eggs per spawning season, larval stage (veligers) for 2 months Food / Feed Strategy: herbivore, grazes on algae, kelp, plankton

• Body Form or Style: Shelled gastropod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Red Abalone." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_abalone>.

Title: Marine/Saltwater Invertebrates Species #: 120 Common Name: Cherry Stone Clam Scientific Name: Mercenaria mercenaria

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida

Family: Veneridae

Geography / Habitat: intertidal zones down to 10m, mud flats and sand flats, east coast of North America Life Strategy: high density spawning, males and females all release gametes together, eggs become trocophore larvae first Food / Feed Strategy: suspension feeder, eats plankton by filtering water

• Body Form or Style: Shelled gastropod • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Hard Clam." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_clam>

Freshwater Invertebrates

Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 121 Common Name: Zebra Mussel Scientific Name: Dreissena polymorpha

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida

Family: Dreissenidae

Geography / Habitat: Danube, Dniester, Volga, and Ural rivers, hard surfaces in still or slow-moving water Life Strategy: external fertilization, gametes released into water, up to 1 million eggs per year Food / Feed Strategy: filter-feeder, eats mainly unicellular organisms. Algae, plankton, etc.

• Body Form or Style: Bivalve • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Zebra Mussels." National Atlas Home Page. Web.

<http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_zm.html>

Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 122 Common Name: Mucket Scientific Name: Actinonaias ligamentina


Class: Bivalvia Order: Unionoida

Family: Unionidae

Geography / Habitat: Eastern to Central U.S., medium to large rivers, good flow, sand or gravel substrate Life Strategy: separate sexes, internal fertilization, viviparous. females brood eggs in marsupial pouch Food / Feed Strategy: filter feeder, pump water with incurrent and excurrent siphons, eat plankton, algae

• Body Form or Style: Bivalve • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation:"Pink Mucket | MDC." MDC |. Web. <http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-

guide/pink-mucket>

Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 123 Common Name: Elktoe Scientific Name: Alasmidonta marginata



Family: Unionidae

Geography / Habitat: Great Lakes region, large creeks, mixed sand and gravel substrate Life Strategy: females brood eggs in pouch, glochidia (larvae) hatch, no further parenting. internal fertilization, sperm sucked in by female from water Food / Feed Strategy: filter feeders, pump in water with filters. Eat anything it filters out of water

• Body Form or Style: Bivalve • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: "Appalachian Elktoe in North Carolina." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Home. Web. <http://www.fws.gov/nc-

es/mussel/appelk.html>

Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 124 Common Name: Slippershell Mussel Scientific Name: Alasmidonta viridis



Family: Unionidae

Geography / Habitat: buried in sand and gravel, small creeks and rivers in Michigan area Life Strategy: viviparous, glochidia released from female when developed Food / Feed Strategy: typical suspension filter feeder, sucks in plankton and algae to eat

• Body Form or Style: Bivalve • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: "Freshwater Mussels of the Midwest - Alasmidonta Viridis." Illinois Natural History Survey - University of

Illinois. Web. <http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/animals_plants/mollusk/musselmanual/page86_7.html>.

Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 125 Common Name: Threeridge Scientific Name: Amblema plicata

Kin

gdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca


Family: Unionidae

Geography / Habitat: Mississippi, Gulf of Mexico and St. Lawrence drainages, substrates include sand, gravel, and mud Life Strategy: gonochoristic (separate sexes), viviparous, internal fertilization, short-term brooding Food / Feed Strategy: filter feeder, siphons in surrounding water, traps food particles, expels the rest

• Body Form or Style: Bivalve • Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot • Mouth Position: Terminal

on: "Fat Threeridge." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_threeridge>

Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 62 Common Name: Adolfo’s Cory Scientific Name: Corydoras adolfoi

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata


Family: Callichthyidae

Geography / Habitat: Bottom-dweller, Brazil, rivers of S. America Life Strategy: Peaceful schooling fish Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, sucks material off bottom

• Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover • Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform • Mouth Position: Inferior • Citation: "Adolfo's Cory (Corydoras Adolfoi) Profile." Tropical Fish Keeping - Aquarium

Fish Care and Resources. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/profiles/adolfo-cory/>

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