Download - Fireplace Construction and Drafting
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Fireplace Construction and Drafting
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Introduction
How many of you have a fireplace in your home?
Is it your major source of heating? Fireplaces today are more of a luxury item
– major element of interior design in living area» provide atmosphere
– minor concern for heat
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Fireplace Design and Construction
Topics of Discussion– Type and style – Structural framing around fireplace– Size & type of opening– Chimney design/height above roof– Fireplace terminology/function– Flue sizing– Fireplace drawings
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Common Fireplace Types1--Single faced
flush hearth
raised hearth
2--Double faced
interior corner designs
projecting corner
opposite sides design
3--Three faced
4--Free standing
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Double Faced Fireplace Example(Projecting corner)
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Double Faced Fireplace Example (Opposite Sides)
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Three Faced Fireplace Example
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Structural Framing Requirements
No wood or combustible material is allowed to touch any part of the fireplace, its foundation, or chimney– 2” clearance usually required by code
No structural piece should rest on the fireplace and use it as support
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Structural Framing
Note– double headers
& trimmers
– opening < 10’
– ledger strip or Joist hangers
fireplace & chimney free-standing & self-supporting
(from FP below)
(or Joist hangers)
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Flashing around Chimney
–A type of flashing at chimney--saddle or “cricket”--diverts water away from behind the chimney
Drawing callout: 26 GA GI FLASHING
Note
–General flashing
»
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Chimney Heights Building Code: (2 foot 10 foot rule)
– Chimney 2’ minimum above any construction within 10’ of the chimney
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Chimney Flues
Area through which the combustion gases and smoke travel
Flue liners– used to prevent deterioration to mortar joints– produces a better downdraft & requires smaller
flue (smoother surface) Unlined Flue
– Chimney must be thicker walls than with chimney with flues liners
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Chimney Flues
Each fireplace requires a separate flue– may be contained within same chimney– minimum of 4” distance apart– must be different heights, min of 4” from top
4” Min
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Chimney Cap
– keeps water away from lining
Spark Arrester– screen device that
prevents sparks from leaving the chimney & passing onto the roof
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Fireplace Terms1. Firebox--opening 8. Damper--
2. Hearth--min 16” sizes vary
prefered 20” 9. Throat
3. Ash dump 10. Smoke
4. Ash pit chamber
5. Clean out 11. Smoke
6. Steel angle or lintel shelf
7. Mantel 12. Flue
13. Chimney
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Fireplace Terms
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FireplaceFunction
Damper1. Controls air flow/shut off when not in use
Smoke Chamber
1. Transition from the firebox to the flue
2. Responsible for controlling & regulating burning and eliminating smoke & combustion gasesSmoke Shelf
1. Prevent downdraft
2. Help divert cold air into smoke chamber
Throat
1. Channels smoke into chamber
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Flue Sizing
Crucial that fireplace opening be in proper proportion to flue for proper operation
Inside free space of flue called effective flue area, expressed as fraction
Effective flue area (EFA)– 1/10 minimum allowed (10%) of fireplace
opening– 1/8 preferred (12%)
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Flue Sizing Find affected firebox area
– based on type of fireplace– Single faced
» Area = h (x) w
Multiply by Ratio– if 30” wide x 26” high
– Area = 30 (x) 26 =780 sq in
– Effective Flue Area (EFA)
– (Considering Min EFA 10%)
– Therefore 780/10 = 78 sq in
– See tables to select proper flue
Dbl-faced Area = 2(h x w)
Area = 2(w x h) + d x h
Area = h x w
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Flue Shapes, Sizes, and Areas See Text for similar table to the table below showing flue lining sizes, etc.
Table relates only designs for 10% EFA, flue areas are okay
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Flue Sizing find width at
bottom find height at
left find
intersection find nearest
curve above intersection
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Fireplace Drawings
Required Drawings (see by code or city)– Enlarged Plan view
» like the floor plan but to include dimensions to build
– Vertical Section» shows all vertical relationships including dimensions
– Elevation of Fireplace front view» shows what the fireplaces looks like when finished
– Common scales: 3/8” = 1’-0” and 1/2” = 1’-0”– Views are arranges by orthographic projection
» height and/or width must align from view to view
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Fireplace Drafting Layout
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Fireplace Assignment (w)
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