Download - Fire and Succession
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Fire and Succession
http://www.fs.fed.us/photovideo/
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One Year Later
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Thirteen Years Later
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Keystone Species
• A single species that maintains biotic structure of the ecosystem
• Pisaster ochraeceus - a starfish that feeds on mussels, keeping them from blanketing the rocks. http://www.marine.gov/
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Competition: Intraspecific
• Territoriality: defense of a resource against individuals of the same species– Examples of wolves and songbirds – Results in priority access and use of
resources
• How do wolves and songbirds establish territory?
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Competition: Interspecific
• Grassland contains plants with both fibrous and tap roots
• Coexist by accessing resources from different soil levels
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Succession and Disturbance
• Ecological succession: the orderly and progressive replacement of one community type by another until a climax stage is reached.– Primary - no previous biotic community– Secondary - previously occupied by a
community– Aquatic - transition from pond or lake to
terrestrial community
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Primary Succession
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Primary Succession
• Mosses invade an area and provide a place for soil to accumulate.
• Larger plants germinate in the new soil layer resulting in additional soil formation.
• Eventually shrubs and trees will invade the area.
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Secondary Succession
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Aquatic Succession
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Aquatic Succession
This used to be a lake!
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Fire and Succession
• Fire climax ecosystems: dependent upon fire for maintenance of existing balance; e.g., grasslands, pine, and redwood forests
• What significance does this have for humans and where they live?
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Resilience in Ecosystems
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Resilience Mechanisms After a Forest Fire
• Nutrient release to soil• Regrowth by remnant roots and seeds• Invasions from neighboring ecosystems• Rapid restoration of energy flow and nutrient
cycling