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Finish & Furniture Selection
ID 234 Chapter 9
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What is Regulated by Codes:
• Walls & Ceilings– Class A, B, C (flame spread/smoke)
• Floors– Class I & II
• Furnishings finishes– Check test used, but generally follow either floor or wall
ratings for that space
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How to Select MaterialsFloor & Ceiling
• Class A: Flame spread 0-25, Smoke development 0-450
• Class B: Flame spread 26-75, Smoke development 0-450
• Class C: Flame spread 76-200, Smoke development 0-450
• Achieved using the Steiner Tunnel Tests
• Note: Flame spread index (FSI) indicates speed at which a fire may spread across the surface of a material. The lower the number, the slower the fire will spread. FSI is determined test results.
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Remember: Class A,B,C refer to wall & ceiling treatments
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How to Select MaterialsWalls
• Class I: CRF: minimum of 0.45 watts per square centimeter
• Class I: CRF: minimum of 0.22 watts per square centimeter
• Achieved using the Radiant Panel Tests
• CRF: critical radiant flux– Measured in watts per square centimeter– Higher value = more heat energy it takes to ignite the finish (more
resistant to flame spread)
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How to Select Materials
Furniture & Finishes
Types of tests:
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How to Select Materials
Furniture & Finishes
What the tests mean:
Finishes can receive either a pass/fail or class rating, depending on the test
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Project – Specific Concerns
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Example: Restaurant waiting area upholstery
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Example: Restaurant waiting area upholstery
Testing: Wyzenbeek Published : 95,000+Tensile Strength Weft : 351Tensile Strength Warp : 330Seam Slippage Weft : 94.8Seam Slippage Warp : 84.8NFPA 260 (UFAC) : Class IMace Snag : L-4.5 W-3.5Lightfastness 40 hrs : 5CAL 117 : PassColorfastness Wet : 4Colorfastness Dry : 4.5Brush Pill : 3
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Other Restrictions:• 10% Rule: decorative material & trim kept to a maximum of 10% of wall & ceiling area can
have a lower rating• Thickness Rule: wallcovering more than .036” thick is to be treated as interior finish• Furring Strips: cannot exceed a thickness of 1.75” when finishes are applied directly to
them, and space in between must be filled with fire-rated material• Sprinkler Rule: automatic sprinkler system = lower finish class ratings are sometimes
allowed, or finishes with not rating at all• Means of Egress: all exits & path of travel to and from exits must be clear of furnishings,
decorations, or other objects• Structural Building Elements: certain exposed building structural members are required
to be enclosed, depending on their material and spacing (refer to ‘structural’ section of the codes)
• Foam Plastics: if used as wall or ceiling finishes, they must: follow 10% rule, pass multiple tests (Steiner Tunnel Test & Room Corner Test), and be of a certain thickness & density
• Light-Transmitting Plastics: must comply with a separate ‘plastics’ section of the codes• Insulation: when used within a rated assembly, must also be rated – when used on a surface
(acoustical) must meet minimum flame spread & smoke density ratings• Safety Glass: refer to ‘glass and glazing’ section of the codes
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Accessibility of Materials
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Exercise 6
Identify the following: (see handout)
• Occupancy Classification for the building
•Exit: • Material Classification• Example Floor
Covering that meets testing requirements
• Exit Access• Material Classification• Example Upholstery
that meets testing requirements
• Other Area (Bathroom):• Material Classification• Example Wall Covering
that meets testing requirements
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Classification Material to Specify
Required Tests Example Material Specs (attach images on a separate sheet)
Tests Performed Results
Exit Floor Covering
Exit AccessUpholstery
Other AreaWall Covering
Occupancy Classification
Exit *
Exit Access *
Other Area *
Exercise 6ID 234 Name:
* Identify with color or another key the location of this area on the floor plan