Download - Fine PM – Only Part of the Monitoring Story
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DustScan Ltd
Fine PM – Only Part of the Monitoring Story
Oliver PuddleDustScan Ltd
14 March 2013
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CONTENTS
• What is fine particulate matter (PM)?
• Why do we monitor it?
• What should PM monitoring achieve?
• Is fine PM the only emission we can monitor?
• What is visible ‘nuisance’ dust?
• Why should we monitor it?
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What is fine particulate matter (PM)?
• ‘Dust’ is defined in BS6069 Part 2 as particulate matter < 75μm (micron) diameter
• Fine PM is essentially dust particles up to 10µm
• Commonly referred to as PM10
• Smaller size fractions (PM2.5, PM1 etc)
• Inhalable, thoracic, respirable
• ‘Dust’ & fine PM are generic terms
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What is fine PM?
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What is fine PM?
• Many potential sources
• ‘Natural’ background dust
• Fugitive industrial dust
– Surface mining and minerals– Waste transfer and landfill– Land remediation– Secondary aggregates– Construction and demolition– Roads and transport– Agriculture– Stack emissions
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Why do we monitor fine PM?
• LEGISLATION – since 1956 Clean Air Act
• Air Quality Regulations (AQR) prescribe National Air Quality Strategy (NAQS) objectives – AQOs. Also WELs
• Includes PM10 (not PM2.5 - yet)
• Local Authority Air Quality Management (LAQM)
• Exceedence of AQO = Air Quality Management Area (AQMA)
• Fine PM monitoring usually a matter of compliance
BUT
• Fine PM only represents a small fraction of most sites total dust emissions
• Fine PM monitoring often specified at sites when it isn’t appropriate – regulatory burden with cost implications
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What should PM monitoring achieve?
• Effective monitoring should aim to answer:
1) How much dust/PM is there?
2) Where has it come from?
3) What’s in it?
• Results of the compliance approach to monitoring only partly answer the first question
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From: Good practice guide: control and measurement of nuisance dust and PM10 from the extractive industries (AEA, 2011)
Is fine PM the only emission we can monitor?
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Is fine PM the only emission we can monitor?
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Is fine PM the only emission we can monitor?
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Is fine PM the only emission we can monitor?
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Is fine PM the only emission we can monitor?
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What is visible ‘Nuisance’ dust?
• Poorly-defined: visible dust; dust annoyance, dust soiling) is not regulated
– Short-term (acute) impacts
– Long-term (chronic) impacts
• Unlike PM10, limit values not agreed (custom and
practice criteria / best practice guidance)
• Range of passive monitoring approaches: dust mass or dust effect; dust deposition or dust flux
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What is visible ‘Nuisance’ dust?
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Why should we monitor visible dust?
• Visible dust can have annoyance impacts – loss of amenity, complaints etc.
• Less expensive & more convenient to monitor
• Directional visible dust monitoring can help determine the direction of dust & fine PM sources
• Samples of visible dust can be readily analysed for metals, mineralogy and physical characteristics
• Can also be used for compliance monitoring!
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Why should we monitor visible dust?
Fine PM only represents a small fraction of most sites total dust emissions
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Why should we monitor visible dust?
DustScan DustDisc deposition sampler – Discrete, un-powered, in-expensive
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Why should we monitor visible dust?
Photomicrograph showing particles of ??? in a directional visible dust sample
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DustScan DS500X sampler
• Combined gravimetric filter reference PM10
sampler & directional sticky pad visible dust gauge
• Simultaneous measurements – 24hr PM10 concentration, directional AAC% and EAC% and deposited mass (with DS500X-D)
• How much dust/fine PM is there?
• Where has it come from?
• What’s in it? (after specific analyses)
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Thank you / Questions
Oliver PuddleDustScan Ltd
www.DustScan.co.uk01608 810110
Stand 15