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Fighting Poverty With Water
Jeff Raikes
May 4, 2009
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2© 2009 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |
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3© 2009 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |
How We Got Started
2000 2006
Bill and Melindaread an article about rotavirus
They officiallycreate thefoundation
Warren Buffettdecides to give
Berkshire Hathawaystock
1998
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Our Grantmaking Areas
25%Global DevelopmentProgram
50%Global HealthProgram
25%United StatesProgram
Foster greater opportunity for all Americans through secondary and postsecondary education
Increase opportunities for people in developing countries to lift themselves out of hunger and poverty
Discover, develop,and deliver lifesavinghealth solutions to the people who needthem most
$2.8 billion in grants in 2008
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The Challenge: Hunger and Poverty
Hunger and poverty are solvable, as we’ve seen in the past,
BUT…
by 2050
9 billion
The world population will exceed
Poverty is highly concentrated:
of the ~1 billion people who live on $1/day live in South Asia and
Sub-Saharan Africa
78%This year, for the first time ever,
people will go hungry
1 billion
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A Compelling Solution: Agriculture
Agriculture is key to reducing hunger and poverty
• Most people living on $1/day rely on agriculture for food and income
• No country has managed a rapid rise out of hunger and poverty without increasing its agricultural productivity
In Sub-Saharan Africa, farming accounts for 2/3 of employment…
…But only 1/3 of Gross Domestic Product
Other laborFarming
Other laborFarming
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A Solution Ignored
As a result, hundreds of millions of farmers realize just a fraction of their potential
Sub-Saharan African Governments
Developing countries have underinvested in agriculture
Percentage of foreign aid directed to Ag, 1985-2005
Donor countries are increasingly disinvesting
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Our work is guided by a few core principles:
• Emphasize small farmers
• Put women at the center of our work
• Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
• Build strong partnerships
• Support the full range of farmers’ needs
Our Approach
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Support the Range of Farmers’ Needs
1. Science and Technology 2. Farmer Productivity 3. Market Access
4. Policy and Statistics
• Quality seeds• Irrigation
• Fertilizer• Training
• R&D on crop improvement • Access to information• Access to markets• Structured demand
• Data and statistics • Research and analysis • Advocacy and policy change • Learning and improvement
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Your Challenge: Water
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11
The Water Crisis in Context
U.S. farmer Indian farmer African farmer
Yields: 9.5 tons/ha Yields: 2.4 tons/ha Yields: 1.8 tons/ha
<20% irrigated
>40% irrigated
<5% irrigated
Outdated policy Lack of policyChanging Policy
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Different Contexts, Different Challenges
Overuse
Underuse
Inefficient Use
Changing Water Demands
Changing Water Supply
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Overuse
Overexploited areas of India
Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India.
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Underuse
Investment Potential for Irrigation
FAO (2005) AICD (2009)
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Inefficient Use
Water use per unit ofmaize production, 2005 (m3/kg)
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Eth
iop
iaIn
dia
US
A
Changing Water Demands
Agriculture
Domestic
Industrial
Liters per person per day
Hoekstra and Chapagain (2007)
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Changing Water Supply
Projected shift in precipitation, 2090
50%
30
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-30
-50%
40° N
20° N
20° S
40° S40° E 60° E20° E20°W 0°
0°
IPCC (2007).
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Water: Our (Early) Approach
R & D
“Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa”
Tools & Technology
“Radically Affordable Irrigation Technology”
Community Engagement
“Using Water Sustainably”
Public Policy
“A Roadmap for Better Water Management”
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My Challenge to You
• What lessons learned? Mistakes most critical to avoid?
• What metrics and targets will galvanize innovation?
• What science & technology advances should be prioritized?
• What key information gaps can you fill?
• How can you partner with other players, both public and private, to have the greatest impact?
All lives, no matter where they are being led, have equal value
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Thank You