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Introduction HTL
HydrothermalLiquefactionFET 570Energy and EnvironmentInteraction andSustainabilitySercan zeren
30.05.2012
Advantages
Feedstocks
EnvironmentCatalysts References
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Fossil fuels found innature are based on
biogenic hypothesis This occurs through
thermochemicalconversion of
biomass burriedunderneath theground andsubjected to millionsof years of highpressure and
Formation of Oil, Gas and
Coal
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HTL has two pathways:
Direct conversion of
biomassBiomass with littlelignocellulosicfraction: waste fromanimal, human andfood industry
Pretreatment ofbiomass and thenfermentation
Celluslosic feedstocks
Hydrothermal Liqefaction
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Wet biomass slurry is fed into a HTL reactor which is at~
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Water is will not likely to
react with organic matterunder standardenvironenmentalconditions. With theincrease in temperature ofwater:
Dielectric constant of waterdecreases: H2O moleculesbecome more non-polar (4times) and affinitive toorganic materials
Dissociation of water
increase: H2O moleculesmore split (500 times) into
Conversion of Biomass
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Main feedstocks include:
Crop residues and wood,
Primarily include lignocellulose
Food processing waste and animal manure,
Contains lipids, proteins and usually small
amounts of lignocellulose(except ruminant animalmanure)
Algae
Feedstocks for HTL
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The end product is crude oil which has a much
higher energy content than syngas and alcohol
compared to other TCC processes If the feedstock contains a low of water, HTL
does not require drying and gasification andpyrolysis
On the other hand the energy used up in theheating of feedstock in HTL process can berecovered effectively
Advantages of HTL Over
Other TCCs
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The aim of the usage of catalyst in HTL is to
improve the yield and heating values of crude
oil produced Alkali catalysts used to limit the amount of
secondary reactions of the oil pahse to charproduction
Salts and bases: CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, NaOH,HCOONa, NaCl, K2CO3, KOH, HCOOK triggered50% heavy oil-like products
RbOH, CsOH: Hindered the formation of char
Also, some other catalysts used to favor theroduction of as ahses
Catalysts Used in HTL
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Liquid and solid animal wastes, sewage sludge,
and municipal wastes generate considerable
gas and odor, harbor disease, and contribute toenviorenmental problems
Wood wastes accumulate in landfillsand causestorage problems
These problems result in waste spent money intransportation, storage and treatment with nobenefit
Pollution due to Biomass
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Theoretically, bomass
has the capacity to
provide 100% of theworlds energyrequirement
Current production
approaches and useof biomass for energyare not sustainable
Biomass fuels used in
sustainable mannerwill result in no net
Sample Data
According to a researchin Lousina State, oil
production through HTLwith only animal manurewould provide the energyneed of ~48K homes orwould make available~24K gals of oil
production
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Hydrothermal liquefaction has also advantages
in terms of water treatment,
Its robust reaction conditions and aqueousenvironement make hydrothermal liquefactionwell-suited for the conversion of low lipid, fastgrowing algae that poliferate in wastewater
treatment facilities, These algae capture and utilize dissolved
nitrogen and phosporous in wastewater and ifnot used would be released to the environment
Synergistic Wastewater
Treatment
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Biofuels from agricultural wastes andbyproducts, Zhang Y., 2010
Assessing a hydrothermal liquefaction processusing biomass feedstocks, Midgett J. S., 2005
Hydrothermal liquefaction: A route to improvedbio-oils, NABC, 2011
http://algae.illinois.edu/Projects/Hydrothermal.html
References