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Fatty Acids
Fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl (acid) group
Typical for of fatty acids : CH3 –(CH2)n –COOH
12<n<20
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Saturated- Unsaturated Fatty Acids
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Hydrophobic- Hydrophilic Groups
The hydrocarbon tail is extremely hydrophobic and so is insoluble in water. In contrast, the carboxylic acid group is extremely hydrophilic.
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Common Fatty Acids
Common name
Chemical structure
Myristoleic acid CH3(CH2)3CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Palmitoleic acid CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Oleic acid CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Linoleic acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
α-Linolenic acid CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Arachidonic acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH
Eicosapentaenoic acid
CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH
Erucic acid CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)11COOH
Docosahexaenoic acid
CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)2COOH
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Common Fatty Acids
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Fats
FAT consists of three-
carbon backbone called
glycerol attached to three
fatty acids, which contain
long hydrocarbon chains .
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Ester Bond Formation
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Phosphoglycerids
Phospholglycerides are
esters of only two fatty
acids, phosphoric acid
and a trifunctional alcohol
- glycerol (IUPAC name is
1,2,3-propantriol). The
fatty acids are attached to
the glycerol at the 1 and 2
positions on glycerol
through ester bonds.
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Phospholipids
Phospholipids have a
structure like a
triglyceride,but contain a
phosphate group in place
of the third fatty acid.
The phosphate group is
polar and therefore
capable of interacting with
water molecules.
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STEROIDSSteroids have a backbone of 4 carbon rings.
Cholesterol is the precursor of several other steroids, including several hormones.
It is also an important component of cell membranes.
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REFERENCES
Michael L. Shuler and Fikret Kargı, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts (2 nd Edition),Prentice Hall, New York, 2002.
1. James E. Bailey and David F. Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Fundementals (2 nd Edition), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1986.
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hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
www.chemistryland.com
virtuallaboratory.net
http://www.ific.org/publications/reviews/images/irfatschart_2.gif
io.uwinnipeg.ca
bioweb.wku.edu
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP13204