Cable Company
Undersea Cable
I N T E R N E TEthernet Fabric
Telecommunications Company
Undersea Cable400GbE
Telephone Company100GbE
Co-Location Facility400GbE
Cable Company100GbE
HyperscaleData Center400GbE
Colocation Facility
WiringCloset
WorkArea
EquipmentRoom
Homes use Ethernet to connect personal computers,
printers, wireless access points, security cameras and
many more devices. Power over Ethernet enables
data and power to be delivered over one cable.
Enterprises use Ethernet to connect hundreds or thousands of
devices together over Local Area Networks (LANs). Most LANs
use BASE-T connectivity, but large buildings and campuses use
multi-mode and singlemode fiber too.
Enterprise Data Centers deploy
heterogeneous servers with various service
level agreements and requirements.
The Internet Exchange Point (IXP) is where the
Internet is made when various networks are
interconnected via Ethernet. Co-location facilities
are usually near the IXP so that they have excellent
access to the Internet and long haul connections.
Hyperscale Data
Centers deploy tens or
hundreds of thousands
of homogeneous
servers across
warehouse scale data
centers in pods.
Internet
Ethernet Fabric
As streams turn into rivers
and flow into the ocean, small
Ethernet links flow into large
Ethernet links and flow into
the Internet. The Internet is
formed at Internet Exchange
Points (IXPs) that are spread
around the world. The IXPs
connect Telecommunications
Companies, Cable companies,
Providers and Content
Delivery Networks over
Ethernet in their data centers.
400G
100–200G
25–50G
10G
1–5G
10–100M
ETHERNET SPEEDSServer Racks
Ethernet Switch And Router Racks
Patch Panels
Storage Network Equipment
Telecom Networks
Transport Equipment
Storage Racks
Cable Networks
ETHERNETECOSYSTEM
Wireless Backhaul400 GbE
LATEST INTERFACES AND NOM ENCLATURE
Gray Text = IEEE Standard Red Text = In Standardization Green Text = In Study Group
Blue Text = Non-IEEE standard but complies to IEEE electrical interfaces
CR/CR-S
CR4
CR
CR10
CR4
CR2CR1
CR4
CR2
CR4
T1S
KX
KR
KR
KR4
KR
KR4
KR2
KR1
KR4
KR2
KR4
T1S/T1L
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T
T
T
T
T
T
SR
SR4/eSR4
SR
SR10
SR4
SR2SR1
SR4
SR2
SR16
SR8/SR4.2
SR4
25GAUI
XLAUIXLPPI
LAUI-2/50GAUI-2
50GAUI-1
CAUI-10 CPPI
CAUI-4/100GAUI-4
100GAUI-2
100GAUI-1
200GAUI-4
200GAUI-2
400GAUI-16
400GAUI-8
400GAUI-4
BIDI Access
LR/EPON/
BIDI Access
LR4
EPON/BIDI Access
LxR
10X10-10km
LR4/
4WDM-10
LR1
100G-LR
LR4
LR8
LR4-6
400G-LR4-10
BIDI Access
ER/BIDI Access
BIDI Access
ER
ER4/
4WDM-40
ER4
ER8
BIDI Access
EPON/BIDI Access
EPON/BIDI Access
4WDM-20
PSM4
PSM4
DR
DR4
DR4
FR
FR
10X10-2km
CWDM4/
FR1
100G-FR
FR4
FR8FR4
400G-FR4
10BASE–
100BASE–
1000BASE–
2.5GBASE–
5GBASE–
10GBASE–
25GBASE–
40GBASE–
50GBASE–
100GBASE–
200GBASE–
400GBASE–
ZR
ZR
ElectricalInterface
Backplane TwinaxCable
TwistedPair
(1 Pair)
TwistedPair
(4 Pair)
MMF 500mPSM4
2kmSMF
10kmSMF
40kmSMF
20kmSMF
80kmSMF
F O R M FA C T O R SThis diagram shows the most common form
factors used in Ethernet ports. Hundreds of
millions of RJ45 ports are sold a year while tens
of millions of SFP and millions of QSFP ports
ship a year.
This diagram shows new form factors
initially designed for 100GbE and 400GbE
Ethernet ports.
1– 4 Lane Interfaces
Twisted PairCat “x”
Twinax
Duplexand ParallelOptical Fiber
0.01-40Gb/s
1-100Gb/s
40-400Gb/s
2-200Gb/sMPO QSFP-DD OSFP
QSFP–DD
Embedded Optics
ASIC
OSFP
4+ Lane Interfaces
CFP2
PAT H T O S I N G L E L A N E
2000
10G
25G
50G
100G
200G
400G
1T
10T
2010 20302020
Standard Completed
Lin
k S
pe
ed
(b
/s)
Highly ParallelSpeeds Quad Speeds
Duo Speeds
Serial Speeds
Ethernet Speed Speed in Development Possible Future Speed
S IGNALING METHODS
Signaling for higher lane
rates is transitioning from
non-return-to-zero (NRZ)
for 25Gb/s per lane to
four level Pulse-amplitude
modulation (PAM-4) for
50Gb/s per lane, and
Coherent Modulation for
100Gb/s per lane.
NRZ
PAM-4 Coherent
FATTER P IPES
4
400GBASE-DR4
400GBASE-LR8
8
50
25
100 After the data rate/lane is
chosen, the number of
lanes in a link determines
the speed. This chart
shows how 4 or 8 lanes
can be used to generate
400GbE links.Sp
ee
d/L
an
e (
Gb
/s)
Number of Lanes
Higher data rates are achieved by
using higher sampling rates and
different modulation techniques.
25Gigabaud sampling may create
25Gb/s NRZ, 50 Gb/s PAM-4 or
100Gb/s Coherent lanes.
Modulation
Gigabaud
(Samples/Second)
Paralleliz
ation
(Number o
f Lanes,
Fibers or W
avelengths)
NRZ -1
PAM-4 -2
PAM-8 -3
Coherent -4+
25
50
1004
1
812
16
Bit
s/S
am
ple
25G Lane
50G Lane
100G Lane
100G Lane
400G PMD
800G PMD
C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
EthernetRoadmap 2020 Side2-FINAL.pdf 1 2/14/20 4:19 PM
