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Family UrolophidaeStingrays and Stingarees
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TaxonomyOrder Myliobatiformes
Family Urolophidae
Genus Urobatis Urolophus
Urotrygon Trygonoptera
25-41 species in 2, 3, or 4 genera
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Morphologyround disc, rostrum, and pectoral fins
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Morphologyshort tail with rounded caudal fin, no dorsal finsvenomous spine ½ way down tail
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Morphology25cm DL (Urotrygon microphthalmum)
66m DL (Urobatis jamaicensis)
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Morphologycoloration varies, even within a species
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Morphologycoloration varies, even within a species
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Morphologymouth with papillae on floordentition unlike other rays
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Habitat and Distributioncoastal subtropical and tropical waterE. Indian, E. and W. Pacific, W. Atlantic
U. halleri U. jamaicensis
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Habitat and Distributionbenthic- bury in sandusually less than 15-20m deepmay segregate by sex
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Reproductioncase study: Urobatis jamaicensis
~7 pups/litter
litter size increases with maternal size only during spring/summer cycle
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Reproductionmature at ~15-16cm
aplacental viviparous with histotroph nutirition
gestation 5-6 monthsfemales pregnant throughout the year
bi-annual reproducers parturition in June-September and November-January
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Prey/Feeding Habitsfeed on benthic invertebrates
some species use pectoral fins to get inverts out of substrate
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Human Importancemay sting the feet of beachgoers
Urolophus halleri in Seal Beach, CA“stingray shuffle”
economic importance- aquariums little importance to fisheries
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Conservation Statusmost species -data deficient or least concern on Redlist
3 species vulnerable
Urolophus orarius- endangered (Australia) Urolophus javanicus- critically endangered (Java)
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Researchreproductive biology- may sort out taxonomy
U. halleri in Seal Beach (Chris Lowe at CSULB) spine regeneration, abundance, distribution,
and thermal preferences
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ResearchU. jamaicensis sensory biology comparative studies
FAU sharklabprey-related olfactory sensitivityvisual fields/binocular vision, color vision
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ResearchU. jamaicensis locomotion (“punting”) in FAU sharklab
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Literature CitedBester, C. 2006. Round Stingray. Florida Museum Natural History, Icthyology Department.
University of Florida. < http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/>. Downloaded on 22 November 2007.
Fahy, D.P. and R.E. Spieler. 2007. Preliminary observations on the reproductive cycle and uterine fecundity of the yellow stingray, Urobatis jamaicensis (Elasmobranchii: Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae) in southeast Florida, U.S.A. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl 14: 131-139.
Hoisington IV, G. and C.G. Lowe. 2005. Abundance and distribution of the round stingray, Urobatis halleri, near a heated effluent outfall. Marine Environmental Research 60: 437-453.
IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 22 November 2007.
Piercy, A. 2006. Yellow Stingray. Florida Museum Natural History, Icthyology Department. University of Florida. < http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/>. Downloaded on 22 November 2007.