Download - Fall Protection in Constuction
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Fall Protection – The Problem
• Falls are a serious safety concern in the jobsite.
• Falls are the leading cause of worker deaths in construction.
Scaffold in Dupage County
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Falls
• New OSHA standards in 1995
• 1954 ANSI Standards• Fatal injuries
involving falls increased by 20 from the preliminary count to 700 cases.
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Where are We Falling?
Top Five• Roofs • Structures (non roofs) ex: Steel, wood
frame• Scaffold • Ladders• Holes
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What is Fall Protection?
• Fall protection protects workers from fall hazards. Fall protection doesn’t mean bulky or cumbersome equipment. It doesn’t interfere with work tasks and it doesn’t get in the way of coworkers – when used properly
Unguarded open-sided floor
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Planning
• Sometimes it takes a lot of work to do things wrong.
• Elimination of fall hazards using the hierarchy of controls should be performed by all companies.
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Hierarchy of Fall Protection• Elimination – such as
Cameras to monitor work. Elimination through design
• Passive Fall Protection – Guardrails, Covers
• Travel Fall Restraint• Administrative Control –
such as climber training, warning systems
• Fall ArrestCameras used to monitor locations.
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Safety Program
• 1926.20(b)(1) requires all construction companies to have an effective accident prevention program.
• Identify where falls can occur to workers through Job Safety Analysis
• Discuss the method of protection the worker must use.
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What Is Job Safety Analysis?• Method used to break a job task into separate and
distinct steps• Four basic stages in conducting a JSA are: • selecting the job to be analyzed • breaking the job down into a sequence of steps • identifying potential hazards • determining preventive measures to overcome
these hazards • http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/job-
haz.html has usefull examples of JSA’s
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Training
Train workers:- When to use fall arrest- How to wear fall arrest- Inspection of
anchorages, lanyards, and harnesses
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Inspections
• Conduct periodic inspections
• Is fall arrest is worn? • Is fall protection is
place?• Take pictures of
people doing it right
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Inspection
• All fall protection equipment and anchorages must be inspected at the beginning of each eight-hour shift by an authorized person
• At least once per year (or more frequently if required by manufacturer) by a competent person or a competent rescuer as appropriate to verify equipment is safe for use.
• Written or electronic records of inspection should be kept on file for service life of product.
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Enforcement• If people are not
wearing the fall arrest, what is the consequence?
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Passive Fall Protection
• Guardrails • Strength = • Top rail height = • Mid-rail height = • Wire rope/chain
deflection of 2 inches
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Covers
• Hold twice the weight• Secured• Marked
Violation: 4' x 8' sheets of plywood covering a stairway opening to the basement of a house. Only four nails hold the two covers. The cover is not marked.
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Fall Arrest
• Personal fall arrest system means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these.
Free fall of 30 inches needs fall arrest not positioning
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Travel Restraint
• 1000 lb anchorage• Cannot free fall to
lower level• On flat surfaces.
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Work Positioning• Positioning device system means a
body belt or body harness system rigged to allow an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands free while leaning.
• Work Positioning free fall cannot exceed 24 inches
• Max fall arrest force is 900 lbs.• Lanyards and harnesses used• Equipment must have minimum
breaking strength of• 5,000 lbs.
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Fall Arrest Components
• Definition• Body Harness• Energy Absorbing
Lanyard• Anchorage
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Fall Arrest
• Fall Arrest Force Maximum Allowed
• Harness = 1800 lbs.• Belt = 900lb (banned)
Workers wearing a body harness in an aerial lift
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Fall Arrest
• Harness are required for fall arrests
• Belts are only for work positioning
• Maximum Fall Arrest Force should be less 1800 lbs for a harness. One employee is not
wearing fall arrest.
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Lanyards
• Use energy absorbing lanyards or retractable lanyards.
• Check for ANSI Z359.1 or OSHA 1926.502 marking
• Calculate free fall distance
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Harness
• Labeled meeting ANZI Z359 or OSHA 1926.502
• Use D-ring in back •Lanyard is not an energy absorbing lanyard. •This is a chest waist harness for work positioning. Not designed for fall arrest.
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Anchorages
• A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices
• 5000 lbs or 2:1 Safety factor is calculated by a qualified person.
• Anchorages may weaken over time due to weather or environment
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Rescue
• Must be planned• Following a fall, a worker
may remain suspended in a harness. The sustained immobility may lead to a state of unconsciousness
• http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib032404.html has more info on suspension trauma
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Fall Prevention Techniques
• Handrails• Slip resistant threads• Slip resistant shoes• Fall restraint systems• Enclosed barriers
• Eliminate exposure for routine checks by cameras or instrumentation
• Build scaffold for long term exposure
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Scaffolds
• OSHA 1926.451• Training specific for erectors and users. • Inspections before use• Fall protection required above 10 feet. • Suspended scaffolds need independent fall
arrest from the scaffold
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Scaffold Footing
• Baseplates always required.
• Mudsills needed if on earth.
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Scaffold Planking
• Scaffolds must be fully planked, secured and overlapped.
• Falling object protection required.
• Inspect planks for damage or overloading.
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Scaffold Guardrails
• Guardrails must be provided on all working platforms.
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Scaffold Access
• Stairs are recommended
• Scaffold access ladders must be secured
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Metal Bracket Scaffold
• What questions would you ask the scaffold erector for this job.?
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Step Ladders
• Used on stable surface• Not used as a ext.
ladder• Inspected for defects• Never used on a
scaffold
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Extension Ladder
• 4:1 Pitch• 3’ extension above
landing• No defects• Not near electrical• Secured from slipping
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Fixed Ladder
• Stairs should be in place if used everyday. 1910.24
• Use fall arrest• Keep lanyard short to
12 inches if possible. • Inspect ladder for
looseness and proper rails to roof
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Flat Roofs• Inspect for damaged or
rotten roof deck and components.
• Parapet must meets guardrail requirements
• Lifting at edge requires guardrail protection
• Warning lines and monitor required if not using conventional fall protection
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Skylights
• Must cover them if working by them.
• Will not hold a person’s weight
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Opensided Floors
• Need two rails or cables
• Fall height of 6 or more
• Cable rails allowed 2 inch deflection.
• Several falls into improperly guarded elevator shafts
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Floor Holes
• Guardrails• Covers• Holes over 2”x2” are
covered under the std.• Beware covers that are
loose place over a hole.
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Forklift Platforms
• Platform slides off• Improper rails• Pushes worker into
fixes object• Pallet unacceptable• Scissors point on
many carriages• Platform construction
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Sloped Roofs
• Shinglers in residential must use fall arrest above 25’ or 8/12+ pitch
• Slideguards is required otherwise above 6 feet
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Residential
• One of the most cited standards in construction
• 1926.503 requires specific training• Falls from roofs, sheathing, truss erection,
openings to basement are among many of the falls.
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Sloped Roof
• Sheathers can use a Controlled Access Zone, Monitor, and Slideguards in lieu of fall arrest.
• Shinglers should use fall arrest and slideguards
• OSHA 1926.501(b)(13)
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Extensible Boom Aerial Lifts
• Wear fall arrest• Must have smooth
surface to operate• Many flip in mud• Train operator in
manual instructions
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Scissor Lifts
• Workers must be trained in the operation manual
• Full guardrails needed• Inspect area for holes
that could flip the lift• Ensure proper lighting
End chain is missing
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Stairs
• Guardrails on side with both top and mid-rails
• Handrails• Evenly spaced threads• Foot clearance• Required if climbing
daily One handrail needed if both sides are enclosed
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Steel Erection
• Ironworkers connecting out of an aerial lift.
• Fall Protection required at 15/30 feet when decking or connecting.
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Safety Nets Used for Decking
Decking is the most common activity that historically killed iron workers
Nets used to protect deckers
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Suspended Platforms
• Must follow 1926.550 (g) requirements
• Often not wearing fall arrest
• Platform must be proof tested
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Metal Grating
• Must be secured with clips
• Guardrails provided on both sides.
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Working Adjacent to Water
• Fall Protection• Life vests• Ring Buoys• Skiff or boat
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Rebar Walls
• Work positioning• Rebar wall must have
spacing similar to a ladder to climb
• Rebar Walls must be adequately braced
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Other Fall Surfaces
• Tail gates• Riding equipment
such as front end loaders and forklifts
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Quick Quiz
• Anchorages must be _____ lbs.• Fall arrest forces for harnessing shall not exceed
_____ lbs.• What is the best in the hierarchy of fall protection?
_____________• Covers must hold _____ times the anticipated
load.• Free fall over ____ inches is not allowed in work
positioning.