Factsheet of the Status Quo in Brasov
(D2.1)
Status-Quo of energy demand for heating and cooling in the building and industry sectors,
energy supply and district heating networks including local energy maps
Prepared by:
Richard Büchele (TU Wien - Energy Economics Group)
Reviewed by:
Marcus Hummel (TU Wien - Energy Economics Group)
Camelia Rata (Agentia Pentru Management ul Energiei si Protectia Mediului Brasov)
Date: 08/11/2016
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The progRESsHEAT project
The project progRESsHEAT aims at assisting policy makers at the local, regional, national and
EU-level in developing integrated, effective and efficient policy strategies achieving a fast and
strong penetration of renewable and efficient heating and cooling systems. Together with 6 local
authorities in 6 target countries across Europe (AT, DE, CZ, DK, PT, RO) heating and cooling
strategies will be developed through a profound analysis of (1) heating and cooling demands and
future developments, (2) long-term potentials of renewable energies and waste heat in the
regions, (3) barriers & drivers and (4) a model based assessment of policy intervention in
scenarios up to 2050. progRESsHEAT will assist national policy makers in implementing the right
policies with a model-based quantitative impact assessment of local, regional and national
policies up to 2050.
Policy makers and other stakeholders will be strongly involved in the process, learn from the
experience in other regions and gain deep understanding of the impact of policy instruments and
their specific design. They are involved in the project via policy group meetings, workshops,
interviews and webinars targeted to the fields of assistance in policy development, capacity
building and dissemination.
Acknowledgement
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and
innovation programme under the grant agreement No 646573.
Legal Notice
The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not
necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the INEA nor the European
Commission is responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. Many of the designations
used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. The
quotation of those designations in whatever way does not imply the conclusion that the use of
those designations is legal without the consent of the owner of the trademark.
Funded by the Horizon 2020 Programme of the European Union
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Year of implementation: March 2015 – October 2017 Client: INEA Web: http://www.progressheat.eu Project consortium:
Energy Economics Group, Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives, Vienna University of Technology
Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research
Technical University Denmark
Institute for Resource Efficiency and Energy Strategies
Energy Cities
OÖ Energiesparverband
EE Energy Engineers GmbH
Gate 21
City of Litomerice
Instituto de Engenharua Mecanica e Gestao Industrial
Agentia Pentru Management ul Energiei si Protectia Mediului Brasov
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Contents 1. Background .................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 CO2 emissions......................................................................................................... 5
2. Heating and cooling demand .......................................................................................... 6
2.1 Buildings ................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Industry ................................................................................................................... 9
3. Heating and cooling supply ...........................................................................................10
3.1 District heating .......................................................................................................11
3.2 Individual heating ...................................................................................................12
3.3 Comparison with national conditions ......................................................................13
4. Heat resource potentials ................................................................................................13
4.1 Biomass .................................................................................................................13
4.2 Solar energy ...........................................................................................................14
4.3 Industry ..................................................................................................................14
4.4 Geothermal and heat pumps ..................................................................................14
4.5 District cooling ........................................................................................................15
Bibliography .........................................................................................................................15
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1. Background
The city of Brasov is located in the Central-Eastern part of Romania, 170 km away from
Bucharest – the Capital City. The city of Brasov has 274 491 inhabitants (2014) within an area of
158 km² (1 737 inhabitants/km²). Together with the other 13 surrounding localities it forms an
urban agglomeration of more than 400 000 inhabitants, stretching over a surface of 1 318 km²
(304 inhabitants/km²).
The city of Brasov is a county capital city, which is the 8th largest city in Romania having a
population of 20 Mio. inhabitants spread over 238 391 km² (84 inhabitants/km²). The city of
Brasov is located at the medium altitude of 625 m above sea level, being the only city in Romania
to include a natural reservation (Tampa Mountain) in its administrative area. It is furthermore the
most competitive city in the region in terms of the GDP/capita and labour productivity1 [1].
1.1 CO2 emissions
The evaluation of CO2 emissions in Brasov shows total emissions of 607 kt in 2014 (2,2 t/capita)
compared to 123 700 kt in the Romanian country (5,8 t/capita)2. For the city of Brasov this is a
decrease of 15,3 % compared to the 2008 level. Big reductions could be achieved by the
transition from a coal fired district heating supply to e.g. high-efficient CHP-Gas engines. But still
the heating sector accounts for the biggest share of emissions followed by the electricity and the
transport sector.
Fig. 1: CO2 emissions in Brasov 2008 and 2014 Source: ABMEE
1 Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2012-2020, ABMEE and updated data by ABMEE
2 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ghg-trends-and-projections-2012/romania.pdf
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2008 2014
CO2-Emissions in Brasov [kt]
other fossilfuels
Transport
Natural gas(heating)
Districtheating
Electricty
203 730 34%
52 048 9%
251 358 41%
97 359 16%
2 681 0%
CO2-Emissions 2014 in Brasov [t]
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2. Heating and cooling demand
2.1 Buildings
In the municipality of Brasov there are around 116 409 households with a total area of 7,5 Mio m2
demanding 937 GWh of heat, around 1 600 spaces owned by business operators with a net area of approximately 119 000 m
2 demanding almost 15 GWh and around 200 public buildings with
almost 250 000 m2
demanding around 33 GWh. More than 90 % of the buildings are residential and private buildings. Table 1 gives an overview of the building stock in the city.
Tab. 1: Building stock and related heat demand in Brasov
YEAR 2014 Area total [m²]
Number of buildings
Number of apartments
Total heat demand [MWh]
Average heat demand per sqm [kWh/m²]
Buildings total 10 337 267 16 950 118 017 1 328 465 129
Municipal public buildings total
245 524 208 32 491 132
- kindergartens 38 657 48 5 779 149
- primary schools 62 621 45 7 206 115
- high schools 25 384 22 3 753 148
- colleges 86 297 76 10 933 127
- nursery 6 554 7 1 158 177
- other public buildings 26 011 10 4 789 184
Residential total 7 485 078 13 929 116 409 936 893 125
- Single family households (around 100 m²)
687 828 5 547 5 547 89 418 130
- Multifamily households (around 300 m²)
2 043 727 6 523 16 287 257 510 126
- Blocks of flats - small (<2000 m², around 900 m²)
2 912 378 966 57 944 366 960 126
- Blocks of flats - small (<2000 m², around 900 m²) DH
583 290 580 11 605 55 533 000 95
- Blocks of flats - large (>2000 m² around 3000 m²)
1 257 855 313 25026 121 725 133
Private buildings total 119 549 604 1 608 15 018 126
- blocks of flats 71 088 277 1 199 8 930 126
- houses 48 461 327 409 6 088 126
Tertiary 2 606 545 2 209 344 064 132
Blocks of small flats with district heating only reports a district heating demand of 95 kWh/ m2y.
This is explained by the problems in ensuring the service continuity by the DH provider
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The tertiary sector was modelled on the basis of the total energy consumption, and for the specific consumption the public buildings sector was the taken into consideration. This sector includes governmental buildings, university, hospitals (these are not under the authority of Local Council) etc. Figure 2 shows a map of the city of Brasov with heat densities and Figure 3 a map with cooling
demand developed within the Stratego-Project.3 [3]. Figure 4 shows a map of Brasov with heat
densities of the residential buildings developed by ABMEE.
Fig. 2: Heat density map for Brasov Source: Stratego-project, Peta: Pan European Thermal Atlas
It can be seen, that the heat demand only exceeds 100 TJ/km2 around the city centre of Brasov.
3 http://stratego-project.eu/local-maps/
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Fig. 3: Cooling demand map for Brasov Source: Stratego-project, Peta: Pan European Thermal Atlas
The cooling demand is mainly located in two areas outside the very centre of Brasov.
Fig. 4: Heat density map for Brasov Source: ABMEE
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2.2 Industry
The city of Brasov accommodates 3 industrial parks and 1 business centre located in the outer
Metropolitan Zone
The local industry relies on cosmetics, textiles, shoes, construction materials, and food
processing. One of the largest brewery factories in the country, Ursus, is operating in the city.
Two of the largest employers in the metropolitan area are Schaeffler, a private company
producing rolling bearings, and Reparatii Vagoane CFR, dealing with repairing and maintenance
work for train wagons.4 [2]. Table 2 shows al list of industrial sites in Brasov with their respective
NACE code and activity. Figure 5 shows the locations of the industrial sites.
Tab. 2: List of industries in Brasov
4 TRACE City Energy Efficiency Diagnostic Study
Name NACE Code
Activity
Autolive Romania SRL C29.3.2 Manufacture of other parts and accessories for motor vehicles
Avicola Brasov SA A1.4.7 Raising of poultry
Carmeuse Holding SRL C23.5.2 Manufacture of lime and plaster
Compania APA Brasov E36.0.0 Water collection, treatment and supply
Fabrica de lapte Brasov SA C10.5.1 Operation of dairies and cheese making
Fabrica de lapte Prodlacta C10.5.1 Operation of dairies and cheese making
FDEE Electrica Distributie Transilvania Sud SA
D35.1.3 Distribution of electricity
JF Furnir SRL C16 Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials
Kronospan Romania SRL C16.2.1 Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood
Losan Romania SRL C16.2.1 Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood
Regia Autonoma de Transport Brasov H49.3.1 Urban and suburban passenger land transport
Selgros Cash&Carry SRL G46.3 Wholesale of food, beverages and tobacco
Stabilus Romania SRL C28.1.3 Manufacture of other pumps and compressors
Tetkron SRL D35.3.0 Steam and air conditioning supply
Ursus Breweries Bucuresti SA Sucursala Brasov
C11.0.5 Manufacture of beer
Vectra Service SRL F42.1.1 Construction of roads and motorways
Vel Pitar SA Rm. Valcea - pct. De lucru Brasov
C10.7.1 Manufacture of bread; manufacture of fresh pastry goods and cakes
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Fig. 5: Location of industries in the city of Brasov
3. Heating and cooling supply
Figure 6 below shows the total final energy consumption for the different sectors in the
municipality for 2008 and 2014.
Fig. 6: Total energy consumption per sector in 2008 and for 2014
Source: ABMEE
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
2008 2014
GW
h
Final energy consumption in Brasov
Transport
PubliclightingMunicipal
Tertiary
Residential
1 213 60%
360 18%
37 2%
9 0% 395
20%
Final energy consumption 2014 in Brasov [GWh]
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Figure 7 below shows the share for the different heat supply options in Brasov. District heating
decreased rapidly during the last decades and now constitutes only 5 %.
Fig. 7: Share of heat supply options in Brasov [GWh]
Source: IRE 2014
3.1 District heating
District heat is supplied mainly from the private company Bepco and a small share by the
municipality-owned company Tetkron, which also runs the transport and distribution network.
The main energy plants supplying Brasov are the following: Four sites with gas fired CHP
combustion engines operated by Bepco, and furthermore a number of small heat-only boilers
(district thermal units) situated in different parts of the network operated by Tetkron.
Figure 8 shows a detailed map of the municipality of Brasov with the different supply units and the
district heating system. The district heating system in the city constitutes of four different networks
that are not connected to each other, each supplied by its own units.
73,4 5%
1 244,3 94%
10,7 1%
District heating
Indiv natural gas
Indiv Biomass
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Fig. 8: Map of the Brasov district heating system with supply units Source: CAD plan Tetkron
Table 3 gives an overview of the fuel used for district heating in Brasov. From 2008 to 2014 there
was a transition from the central coal fired power plant situated at the Bepco Nord site to several
natural gas fired CHP combustion engines situated at Bepco Nord, Metrom and Noua. Therefore
the whole district heating system now relies on natural gas.
Tab. 3: Fuel use for district heating in Brasov
3.2 Individual heating
Individual heating of households in Brasov consists of either heating with natural gas or with
wooden biomass boilers. Table 4 gives an overview on the fuel use for individual heating of
households in Brasov.
Fuel type 2008 2014
natural gas 390 811 MWh 257 664 MWh
lignite 294 690 MWh 0 MWh
waste 0 MWh 0 MWh
wood chips 0 MWh 0 MWh
wood waste 0 MWh 0 MWh
TOTAL 685 501 MWh 257 664 MWh
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Tab. 4: Fuel use for household individual heating in Brasov
3.3 Comparison with national conditions
Table 4 shows the Romanian final energy demand for heating and domestic hot water for 2014
split up into the different energy carriers.
Tab. 4: Romanian energy demand for space heating and domestic hot water
Source: own calculation performed with INVERT model
4. Heat resource potentials
4.1 Biomass
According to evaluations of the potentials identified in the Stratego-Project for the Pan-European
Thermal Atlas there are significant potentials for biomass in the Brasov region of 2 700 TJ
accounting for 60 % of the annual heat demand.
Potential biomass resources are calculated from forestry including thinning as fraction of annual
increment and logging residues as share of annual felling. The potential was calculated by
accounting for forest biomass available within a radius of 30 km around each location.
Straw resources from biomass are calculated from straw wastes from cereal production from all
possible arable lands within a distance of 30 km of each location.
The annual municipal waste amount for Brasov city accounts to almost 85 000 t per year
according to SC COMPREST SA & SC URBAN SA.
The solid waste system, including both collection and operation of the landfill, is managed by the
private sector. There were already thoughts about new solid waste dumping facilities as well as
for an incineration plant. The idea was to produce energy by burning of 270 000 tons of organic
waste annually, obtain green certificates, and sell heat to the heating system of Brasov. However,
in the meantime the number of clients connected to the district heating went down by a large
number and the feasibility of a waste incineration plant has to be investigated again.5
5 TRACE City Energy Efficiency Diagnostic Study
Fuel type 2008 2014
Natural gas boiler 753 581 MWh 870 635 MWh
Oil boiler 98 MWh 0 MWh
Heat pump 0 MWh 0 MWh
Other fuels (wood and other) 18 525 MWh 10 725 MWh
TOTAL 772 204 MWh 881 360 MWh
Energy carrrier Energy demand [GWh] Percentage
Gas 20 663 27,4 %
Oil 1 680 2,2 %
Coal 153 0,2 %
Biomass 38 353 50,8 %
Electricity 1 138 1,5 %
Heat pump 19 0,03 %
District heat 13 482 17,9 %
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Tab. 5: Biomass potentials
Source: Stratego Project - http://maps.heatroadmap.eu/maps/30663
4.2 Solar energy
Although Brasov lies in an area with promising potential for solar heat with a horizontal solar
irradiation of 1 548 kWh/km²y6, no analysis has been undertaken so far to identify the potentials
for the use of solar energy in the city.
4.3 Industry
As there are no production capacities available for the industries in Brasov no calculation could
be made on waste heat potentials. Anyway it is assumed that the waste heat potentials are low
taking into account the list of Industries located in Brasov.
4.4 Geothermal and heat pumps
There is no designated potential for geothermal heat in the Brasov region in the means of
temperature above 50°C in 1 000 m or temperatures above 90°C in 2 000 m nor hot sedimentary
aquifers and other reservoirs suitable for district heating.
For heat pumps, the availability of surface water is classified as medium and the available heat
from sewage water is calculated to be around 178 TJ annually (Stratego-Project6)
6 Peta, the Pan-European Atlas, Stratego Project, Heat Roadmap Europe
Resource type Annual potential
Biomass (<30 km) 2 729 TJ
-Straw (<30 km) 1 944 TJ
-Wood (<30 km) 785 TJ
Municipal Solid Waste 84 803 t
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Fig. 7: Potentials for geothermal heat in the Brasov region Source: Peta, the Pan-European Atlas, Stratego Project, Heat Roadmap Europe
4.5 District cooling
Currently there is no district cooling system installed in the city of Brasov and there is no study on
sites potentially suitable for district cooling.
Bibliography
[1] Energy Management and Environmental Protection Agency of Braşov (2010), Action Plan for
Sustainable Energy of City of Brasov 2010-2020, [Online] Brasov, Available:
http://www.covenantofmayors.eu/about/signatories_en.html?city_id=305&seap [Accessed 18
May 2015]
[2] Mot, Manuela, Ranjan Bose, Sebastian Burduja, und Marcel Ionescu-Heroiu (2013), TRACE
City Energy Efficiency Diagnostic Study, [Online] Ministry of Regional Development and
Public Administration, Available:
http://www.esmap.org/sites/esmap.org/files/DocumentLibrary/TRACE_Romania_Brasov_Opt
imized.pdf [Accessed 21 May 2015]
[3] Europa-Universität Flensburg and Halmstad University with contributions from Aalborg
University (2015), Peta- the Pan-European Thermal Atlas, [Online] Stratego Project- Heat
Roadmap Europe, Available: http://maps.heatroadmap.eu/maps/30663 [Accessed Sept
2015]