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Date: May 2012 Social science that makes a difference
Factors which influence the
consumption of street foods and fast
foods in South Africa
NP Steyn, D Labadarios, JH Nel
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• Street food is ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other
public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often
from a portable stall.[1] While some street foods are regional, many are
not, having spread beyond their region of origin. Most street food are
both finger and fast food. Street food costs less than a restaurant
meal. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, 2.5 billion
people eat street food every day.[2]
Definitions
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Definitions
• Fast food is usually eaten in a formal building.
Delivery of foods is very fast from point of
ordering and many fast food operations are
franchises. Commonly have a specialty such as
burgers, pizzas, fried chicken and a fixed menu
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Making candied fruit in Tianjin China
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AFRICAN STREET SELLERS
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Basic ways of vending
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More sophisticated street vending operations
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Introduction
• Despite the fact that thousands of people eat fast foods
and street foods very little data on fast food and street
food consumption in South Africa
• No national studies despite the fact that street food
vending may employ about 25% of the workforce
• Concern regarding the nutritive value of fast foods and
street food since they are frequently energy dense. High
in saturated fat and sugar and low in micronutrients
• They may contribute significantly to the high prevalence
of obesity in RSA
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2 Local studies on fast foods
ONLY 1 on street foods
• 1. Soweto 17 year olds consumed fast foods 5-7
times/week with 20% having it 2-4 times a week (Feeley
et al. 2009)
• 2.Young adults at 3 malls in Gauteng were found to
spend an average of $28.57 per month on fast foods.
Most popular items were burgers, pizza and fried
chicken with soft drinks (van Zyl et al 2010)
• Most of the items purchased are energy dense and high
in saturated fats and sugar and low in nutrient density
(Steyn et al. 2011)
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Selected findings of FA0 study in Gauteng
(urban province of RSA) on street foods in 2000
65% vendors sold porridge or meat
Average buying frequency 5 times a week
Mainly purchased at mid-day
Monthly expenditure R250 (25 Euros) per month
Ingredients mostly purchased from other retailers in 76% of cases
Average start up capital R620 (62 Euros)
Average profit R1 600 (160 Euros/month)
In spite of temperature abuse, low bacterial counts and incidences of pathogens
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Methodology of national study in South Africa
• Nationally representative sample n= 3287 in four ethnic
groups in urban and rural areas in all 9 provinces
• Participants were 16 + years
• Personal interviews were done at household level
• Questionnaire included questions on street food and fast
food use, types eaten, frequency of eating and amount
of money spent
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• Results
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Percent population who purchased street and fast foods
2 or more times a week by ethnic group in RSA
5.4 5.5
14
12.5
19
11.4
1.9
2.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Black Mixed ancestry Indian White
Pe
rce
nt
pe
op
le
Fast food
Street food
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Percent population who purchased street food and
fast food 2 or more times a week, by age group
9.1
6.6 6.1
4.2
21.4
18.2
15.2
9.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
16-24 yrs 25-34 yrs 35-49 yrs 50+ yrs
Pe
rce
nt
pe
op
le
Age groups
Fast food
Street food
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Percent fast foods (FF) and street foods (SF)
consumed by the population according to SES
category
9.8
27.8
0.9
5.5
20.5
33.5
4.3
29.4
11.1
14.6 13.4
50.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
SF≥2 x week SF2-3 x mth FF≥2 x week FF2-3 x mth
Pe
rce
nt
Low LSM
Medium
High LSM
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Percent population in different provinces
consuming fast foods and street foods
7.9
8.2
1.4
21.5
11
18.4
24.7
12.7
26.5
16.2
2.8
1.3
2.8
10.5
5.3
0.8
11.9
5.6
7.2
6.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
West Cape
East Cape
North Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
South Africa
Percent
Fast food
Vendors
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Consumption of fast food (FF) and street food (SF)
by geographic area
4.7
16.3
19.4
16.7
0.7
2.6
2.8
9.7
0 5 10 15 20 25
Rural
Tribal
Urban informal
Urban formal
Percent
≥ 2 x week FF
≥ 2 x week SF
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Commonly consumed street foods
58.6
29.3
15.2
18.2
25.1
22.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Fruit
Cold drinks
Cooked food
Sweets/biscuits
Sav snacks
Other
Percentage purchasing the item
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Most common street foods in South
Africa
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Common South African cooked street foods
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Commonly eaten fast foods in SA
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Logistic regression of factors which impact on
frequent purchasing of street foods
Factors OR 95% CI
Pension/grant 0.58* 0.37-0.88
Water from river 0.32* 0.12-0.85
Water in the home 1.65* 1.11-2.44
Stove 1.28* 1.03-1.60
TV 1.55* 1.23-1.96
Mobile phone 1.54* 1.19-1.98
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Logistic regression of factors which impact on
frequent purchasing of fast foods
Factors Odds Ratio 95% CI
Casual work 0.29* 0.13-0.63
Pension/
grant
0.35* 0.24-0.50
Formal housing 2.75* 1.12-6.74
Water in home 2.96* 2.16-4.06
Electricity 2.07* 1.13-3.80
Stove 4.31* 3.43-5.42
TV 4.17* 3.28-5.29
Motor vehicle 4.45* 3.72-5.32
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Dietary diversity based on 9 group score
using 24 HR method
• Frequent fast food consumers had a significantly higher
Dietary Diversity Score (4.69; p<0.0001) than those who
rarely consumed
• Frequent street food consumers had a significantly lower
DDS (3.81; p<0.0001)than those who rarely consumed
street foods
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Conclusion
• The nutrition community need to pay more attention to
the consumption of fast foods and street foods
• Attempts should be made to develop healthy and
affordable street foods both as a source of good nutrition
and as an income generating activity
Current research: Development of a street food model
whereby healthy food items are sold and income
generation is optimal