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HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER THE FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT
1967
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OBJECTIVES1. State the objectives of Health
Regulations under FMA 1967
2. List 5 strategies of Health Regulations under FMA 1967
3. Explain 4 Health Regulations under FMA 1967
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SCOPE Objectives
Strategies
Health Regulations Important Aspects Main Provisions
Conclusion
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HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER FMA 1967
OBJECTIVES
Prevent the occurrence of diseases due to excessive use and exposure to lead, asbestos, mineral dust and noise
Formulation of minimum standards to protect workers exposure
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HEALTH REGULATIONSSTRATEGIES
PROTECTION OF WORKERS BY:1. Determining exposure limits2. Identifying and assessing level of exposure3. Reducing exposure using:
Engineering controls Administrative procedures Personal protective equipments
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HEALTH REGULATIONSSTRATEGIES
PROTECTION OF WORKERS BY:
4. Early detection of disease through health surveillance
5. Creating awareness among workers through training and information
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HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER FMA 1967
Factories and Machinery (Lead) Regulations 1984
Factories and Machinery (Asbestos Process) Regulations 1986
Factories and Machinery (Mineral Dust) Regulations 1989
Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulations 1989
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IMPORTANT ASPECTS Competent persons Maintenance, inspection and testing of
control equipments Approvals for monitoring and testing
equipments Approvals for Personal Protective
Equipment
HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER FMA 1967
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FMA 1967 PROVISIONS LD AP MD NPreliminary √ √ √ √
Permissible Exposure Limits √ √ √ √ Exposure Monitoring √ √ √ √ Compliance Methods √ √ √ √ Respiratory Protection √
Personal Protective Equipments
√ Hrg
Good Housekeeping √ √ √
Hygienic Practices and Facilities
√ H&D/ CR/L
CR/L/S
Medical Surveillance √ √ √ AuD Transfer of Medical Protection √
Training and Information to Workers
√ √ √ √ Warning Signages √ √ √ √ Miscellaneous P P/NS P/
SCP/SC
LD-Lead; AP-Asbestos Process; MD-Mineral Dust; N-Noise; Hrg-Hearing; H&D-Handling & Disposal; CR-Changing Room; S-Shower; L-Locker; AuD-Audiometric
Test; P-Penalty; SC-Schedule Change; NS-No Smoking
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HEALTH REGULATIONS UNDER OSHA 1994
Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) 2000Among the provisions are:
Permissible Exposure LimitsActions to control exposure – engineering controls, administrative controls, use of PPEExposure monitoringHealth surveillanceMedical transfer protectionRecordkeeping
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (ASBESTOS PROCESS) REGULATIONS 1986
APPLICATION
All factories where there are asbestosprocessesexcept building operations and works
ofengineering construction
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (ASBESTOS PROCESS) REGULATIONS 1986
ASBESTOS PROCESS:
Manufacturing process which involvesasbestos except processes where:
The quantity of asbestos dust produced does not exceed the permissible exposure limit; or
Cleaning of premise, equipment and factory facilities
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (ASBESTOS PROCESS) REGULATIONS 1986
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) PEL= 1 Fibre/ml air 8 hour
average
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (LEAD) REGULATIONS 1986
APPLICATION
All factories processes where lead is used Does not apply on construction sites
or works of engineering construction
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY
(LEAD) REGULATIONS 1986
Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) PEL = 150 microgramme/m3 8 hour average Action level = 75 µg/m³ 8 hour average If working hours is other than 8 hours, PEL ( g/m3) = 1200 total working hours per day
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989
APPLICATION
All factories where there are processes using mineral dust
MINERAL DUST PROCESS Manufacturing process involving use of mineral dust
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989
PROHIBITION Sand blasting process shall not be used in any factory unless with written approval from the Chief Inspector
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MINERAL DUST
BariteClay Coal Corundum Cristobalite Diatomite Emery Feldspar Garnet
GraphiteGypsum Kaolin Kyanite Limestone Magnesite Marble Mica Mineral wool
Perlite Portland CementPotashQuartzSoapstoneTalc (free of asbestos fibre)Tridymite
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITSDust that contain Silica <1% Silica:Worker exposure should not exceed the average concentration for a duration of 8
hours: 5 mg/m3 air - respirable dust
10 mg/m3 air - total dust
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITSDust that contain Silica <1% Silica:Worker exposure should not exceed the average concentration for a duration of 8
hours: 0.05 mg/m3 air - respirable cristobalite/
trydymite
0.10 mg/m3 are - respirable quartz
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT If > Permissible Exposure Limits, provide:
Clothing that covers the whole body Gloves, hats, shoes Face shield, goggle and other relevant PPE
The employer is responsible to provide facilities for the hygiene and disposal of clothing and equipment
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989
BACKGROUND Studies were conducted in the years 1983-
1990 302 factories; 45,974 workers Average 50% were at risk of hearing
impairment 22% actually hearing impairment 70% were exposed at levels > 90dBA Median age: 28 years old
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INDUSTRIES WITH NOISE EXPOSURE AND % WORKER RISK
Textile factory (59.2%) Steel factory (54.9%) Chemical industry (52.9%) Drink manufacturing industry (52.1%) Factory producing mineral products (51.8%) Factory producing food products (49.4%) Factory producing steel products (48.9%) Palm oil mill (48.9%)
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989
APPLICATION
All factories where workers are exposed to excessive noise
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY
(NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS 90 dBA for 8 hour exposure Limits are listed in the First Schedule
Applicable Changing Rate - 5 dB Each additional 5 dB, half a dose
Does not exceed the maximum limit of 115 dBA at any time
Does not exceed 140 dB impulsive noise at peak level
Dose for action level is 0.5
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989
EXPOSURE MONITORING Initial Monitoring
Sampling of workers suspected of high exposureExposure Monitoring Frequency (initial monitoring action level)
Depends on the level of exposure every 6 months every 3 months, or once only
Monitoring is conducted by a Competent Person (Mineral Dust and Noise Exposure)
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY
(NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989
ADDITIONAL EXPOSURE MONITORINGRequired if there are any changes in: Production Processes Controls, or Workersresulting in new or additional exposure
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989
METHODS OF COMPLIANCEReduce and control exposure below the PEL using:Engineering controls
Ventilation, if installed, effectiveness has to be tested Testing is conducted by a Competent Person Water spray (Mineral dust)
Administrative controls include safe work proceduresUse of personal protective equipments if other controls fail to reduce exposure
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY
(NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hearing/Respiratory protection is used: simultaneously with other forms of control Where other controls fail to reduce exposure to
below permissible levels
Provision of PPE Approved by Chief Inspector Suitable to worker Suitable to work requirements Does not effect worker health
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HYGIENIC PRACTICES AND FACILITIES
LEAD, ASBESTOS & MINERAL DUST EXPOSURE
Clean floor from contaminants Cleaning should be using vacuum cleaner Use of compressed air is prohibited
(Lead and Mineral Dust Regulations)
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HYGIENIC PRACTICES AND FACILITIES
LEAD, ASBESTOS & MINERAL DUST EXPOSURE
Changing Rooms, Lockers and Showers Lockers for daily wear Separate lockers for protective clothing and
respiratory equipments Changing rooms (asbestos process and lead only) Showers (asbestos process and lead only) Separate dining facilities from work areas (lead)
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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
LEAD EXPOSURE If exposed > 30 days per year Frequency of Blood Lead test, every:
6 months 3 months if 40-60µg/100g blood 1 months if 60-80 µg/100g blood 1 months if in period of medical transfer 1 month for women who are able to conceive
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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
LEAD EXPOSURE
Medical surveillance is conducted: Every 1 year if 40µg/100g blood Before being assigned to a work area where
air concentration action level There are signs of symptoms of poisoning Every worker in the medical transfer if
required by a doctor
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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
ASBESTOS PROCESS
Workers working in an area where there is asbestos exposure, whether continuous or intermittent
In the period of 30 days from the first day of work
Frequency Not exceeding 2 years
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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
MINERAL DUST EXPOSURE
If exposed > action level Frequency of testing:
Every 2 years Exposed worker > action level
Every year Workers experiencing early signs of
pneumoconiosis
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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
NOISE EXPOSUREAudiometric Testing Programme If exposure > action level Frequency of testing:
Every year if worker exposure > Permissible exposure limit If basic audiometric tests show loss of hearing If annual test shows Standard Threshold Shift
Every 2 years Worker exposure is at action level <
Permissible exposure limit
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MEDICAL REMOVAL LEAD EXPOSURE Worker should be
removed/transferred If blood lead tests show
80µg/100g blood average 3 latest tests 73µg/100g blood 40µg/100g blood for women who are
able to conceive, or Health of the worker may be affected
based on results/medical opinion
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MEDICAL REMOVAL
ASBESTOS PROCESS
Worker should be removed/ transferred if results or medical opinion shows any early indications of asbestos related diseases
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TRAINING & INFORMATION
Training programme at least once every two years for workers action level
Contents of training Rules and worker rights Operational circumstances that may cause high
concentrations Purpose, selection, application and limitations of
PPE Brief on the purpose of medical surveillance and
monitoring programme including its implications on health
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WARNING SIGNAGES
WARNING!!LEAD IN WORK AREA
POISONNO EATING OR SMOKING
Example
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RECORDKEEPING Monitoring records
As long as the worker is in service – asbestos, mineral dust, noise exposures
2 years – lead exposure Medical surveillance records
As long as the worker is in service – lead, asbestos exposures
5 years – noise exposure 25 years – mineral dustRecords are kept by employer/doctor
Medical removal records As long as the worker is in service – lead
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MISCELLANEOUS
Upon conviction, fine not exceeding RM 1,000 (noise, mineral dust) RM2,000 (lead, asbestos)
Penalties for Offences
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CONCLUSION
OBJECTIVES Prevent the occurrence of diseases due
to use and excessive exposure to lead, asbestos, mineral dust and noise
Formulate a minimum standards to protect workers from hazardous exposures while at work